维生素D通过VDR/PPARγ途径改善甲型流感病毒诱导肺上皮细胞炎症的研究

甲型流感病毒（Influenza A virus,IAV）感染会导致肺上皮细胞损伤及炎症反应激活，维生素D(Vitamin D,VitD)在脂多糖、细菌感染引起肺上皮细胞损伤中起保护及抗炎作用，在高糖激活炎症反应中通过维生素D受体（Vitamin D receptor, VDR）/过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ, PPARγ)轴发挥抗炎作用。为研究VitD在IAV诱导肺上皮细胞损伤中的作用及相关机制，本文对VitD通过VDR/PPARγ途径改善IAV诱导肺上皮细胞炎症的作用展开实验。培养小鼠肺上皮细胞株MLE-12，按照MOI=0.2感染IAV，给予100nmol/L VitD干预，转染阴性对照（Negative control, NC）siRNA或VDR siRNA，干预24h后检测细胞活力，细胞中VDR、PPARγ、细胞核增殖抗原（Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA）的表达，培养基中白介素-1β(Interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死...     

高血压合并动脉粥样硬化与血管紧张素原相关性的研究

目的：探讨高血压合并动脉粥样硬化与血管紧张素原的相关性。方法：30只雄性16周龄SHR大鼠随机均分为SHR组和SHR合并AS组,另设15只同龄雄性WKY大鼠作为正常血压对照组即WKY组。SHR合并AS组饲以高脂饲料并辅以大剂量VitD3灌胃建立高血压动脉粥样硬化大鼠模型,SHR组和15只同龄雄性WKY大鼠均饲以标准饲料。各组大鼠分别于0、6、12周时光镜、电镜下评估血管病变,全自动生化分析仪检测血脂水平,并采用ELISA法检测血清AGT、AngII浓度。结果：SHR血清AGT、AnglI浓度显著高于WKY大鼠（P〈0．05）。存在AS病变的SHR合并AS组,血清AGT、AngII浓度明显高于无AS病变的SHR组,且随着AS病变严重性的增加,血清AGT、AngII浓度亦增加（P〈0．05）。结论：抑制AGT的表达可能为高血压患者中AS的防治提供一种新的方法。     

二苯乙烯苷对动脉硬化大鼠主动脉金属蛋白酶2，9表达的影响

目的：观察二苯乙烯苷（TSG）对动脉硬化大鼠主动脉基质金属蛋白酶2,9（MMP-,9）表达的影响,探讨TSG治疗动脉粥样硬化、稳定斑块的可能机制。方法：采用高脂饲料喂饲＋VitD3复制大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型。SD大鼠60只,雄性,随机分为6组（n=10）：正常组;阳性药组;模型组;TSG120mg·kg^-1·d^-1组;TSG60mg·kg^-1·d^-1组;TSG30,mg·kg^-1·d^-1组。造模给药12周后抽样检测大鼠主动脉,以大鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块形成为造模指标,经治疗6周后,蛋白免疫印迹、逆转录聚合酶反应法观察各组动脉MMP-2,9的蛋白和mRNA表达;检测血清GRP;ELISA法测定血清IL-6和TNF-α。结果：TSG120mg·kg^-1·d^-1和TSG60mg·kg^-1·d^-1能显著降低血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP和动脉MMP-2,9表达,并呈剂量依赖性。结论：TSG对高脂饲料＋VitD3诱导大鼠动脉粥样硬化具有治疗与稳定斑块作用,其机制可能与其抗炎作用、调节基质金属蛋白酶表达有关.     

复合菌株发酵猪血粉的条件研究*

利用筛选出的2株高产蛋白酶的米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)菌株AS100、AS102作猪血粉发酵的主发酵菌株,配以1株酵母菌(Saocharomyces cereisiae)菌株Y113和1株细菌(Bacilus sp．)菌株Asp007为辅助菌株,研究了这四株菌的产酶性能,同时确定了它们在发酵血粉过程中的一系列参数。通过猪血粉发酵,获得了一种高蛋白发酵饲料,其香味浓郁,蛋白质含量高达69％,且富含游离氨基酸,VitD3、烟酸等维生素及Fe等无机元素,可作为禽畜高蛋白源或饲料添加剂。     

高血压的形成机理、病理生理及护理研究

高血压(hypertension,high blood pressure)是动脉血压持续偏高的慢性疾病;若血压持续超过130/80或140/90 mmHg(收缩压/舒张压),有可能是高血压.高血压可分为原发性高血压和继发性高血压,其中有90％～95％为原发性高血压,5％～10％是继发性高血压.随着人们对心血管病多重危险因素的作用以及心、脑、肾靶器官保护的认识不断深入,对高血压的形成机理、病理生理以及诊断标准有了新的认识,本文系统总结了高血压的形成机理和病理生理,提出了根据患者的具体情况判断最合适的血压范围,采用针对性的治疗措施和日常护理对策.     

浅谈高血压病的健康教育及预防治疗

本文从高血压病人的病情需要、家庭需要、社会需要,论述了健康教育及预防治疗对高血压病人的重要性,并对高血压病人的健康教育做了详细论述。体会到健康教育及预防治疗不仅给病人带来了方便,减轻了家庭负担,而且对病人的康复起到了良好的作用,提高了病人的生活质量和健康水平,同时笔者总结近年来,高血压健康教育研究方面的新进展,旨在提高对高血压健康教育重要性的认识,探讨新的预防治疗及教育思路,推进高血压病防治和健康教育水平的发展,让更多的高血压患者从预防治疗和健康教育中得到益处。     

骨桥蛋白在高血压及其靶器官损害中的研究进展

高血压是以动脉压升高为特征的一种常见的慢性病,可伴有心脏、血管、脑和肾脏等器官功能性或器质性改变的全身性疾病。骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)是一种具有趋化作用的分泌性糖基化磷蛋白。大量实验研究证明,OPN在骨形成、免疫调节、炎症、肿瘤转移等方面起重要作用。最新的研究发现OPN参与了高血压及其靶器官损害的发生发展。本文对近年来OPN在高血压及高血压动脉粥样硬化、高血压心脏病、高血压肾病、高血压脑血管病等靶器官损害中研究作一综述。     

运动疗法治疗高血压的降压效果及康复作用的研究进展

高血压是心脑血管疾病的重要病因和危险因素,如何防治高血压和促进其康复非常重要。目前,高血压的康复治疗手段主要包括药物治疗、运动疗法和行为饮食控制三个方面,运动疗法作为高血压综合防治的一种有效手段但尚未得到充分的重视和应用。本文简要介绍了运动疗法在高血压康复中的发展历程和重要作用,及其在国内外的发展现状及局限,讨论了如何正确制定运动方案和合理化的开展运动康复,从而为高血压患者的预防、治疗提供新的思路。     

miRNA在原发性高血压左心室肥厚中的作用与应用

原发性高血压已经逐渐成为了我国现阶段最受关注的重要公共卫生问题之一,最常见的靶器官损害之一左心室肥厚（left ventricular hypertrophy,LVH）被认为是高血压诱发的心室重塑和高血压心脏病的关键转折点。近年来研究报道,miRNA在原发性高血压的发生与靶器官损害的发展中具有重要的调控作用。本文就miRNA在原发性高血压左心室肥厚发生、诊断、治疗中的研究进展展开综述,旨在为miRNA在原发性高血压左心室肥厚中的调控作用和应用开发理清思路。     

氧化应激、血管内皮功能障碍与高血压

高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一,降低血压对于减少心血管事件的发生有的重要的意义。高血压的病理生理机制复杂,其共同特点是活性氧的利用度增加,即氧化应激。在心血管系统中,活性氧在控制血管内皮功能、血管张力和心功能方面有着重要作用,并在炎症、肥大、增殖、凋亡、迁移、血管生成等病理生理过程中也发挥一定的作用,均参与了高血压所致的内皮功能障碍。虽然,动物实验研究的结果表明氧化应激是高血压的发病机制,但目前尚无明确的证据支持氧化应激在人群中导致高血压的发生。内皮功能障碍是血管内皮受到刺激后血管舒张反应下降,众多的研究证据表明其是介导高血压血管负面影响的重要机制之一,且有研究表明高血压相关的内皮功能障碍是由氧化应激所致。本文主要就高血压中的氧化应激、血管内皮功能障碍的实验研究、机制以及在高血压发生发展中两者的关系进行了综述。     

红细胞分布宽度与高血压靶器官损害研究进展

高血压是最常见的心血管疾病,血压持续升高可导致左室肥厚、心力衰竭、脑卒中以及慢性肾病等相关靶器官损害。红细胞分布宽度(RDW)是一项测量红细胞变量宽度的指标,近年来研究证实RDW与心脑血管疾病存在一定相关性,RDW升高提示高血压患者预后不良,说明RDW可作为高血压患者预后风险评估的潜在指标。本文对近年来RDW与高血压引起的心脏损害、脑卒中、肾损害及血管损害等相关研究进行综述,进一步探讨RDW对相关疾病预防及治疗的预测价值。     

The role of vitamin D in pulmonary disease: COPD,asthma, infection,and cancer

The role of vitamin D (VitD) in calcium and bone homeostasis is well described. In the last years, it has been recognized that in addition to this classical function, VitD modulates a variety of processes and regulatory systems including host defense, inflammation, immunity, and repair. VitD deficiency appears to be frequent in industrialized countries. Especially patients with lung diseases have often low VitD serum levels. Epidemiological data indicate that low levels of serum VitD is associated with impaired pulmonary function, increased incidence of inflammatory, infectious or neoplastic diseases. Several lung diseases, all inflammatory in nature, may be related to activities of VitD including asthma, COPD and cancer. The exact mechanisms underlying these data are unknown, however, VitD appears to impact on the function of inflammatory and structural cells, including dendritic cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and epithelial cells. This review summarizes the knowledge on the classical and newly discovered functions of VitD, the molecular and cellular mechanism of action and the available data on the relationship between lung disease and VitD status.     

Debate: at what level of coronary heart disease risk should a statin be prescribed?

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are effective treatments for the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, but an outstanding issue is determining who should have such treatment. The benefit from treatment with statins appears to be proportional to the underlying risk of coronary heart disease and independent of the factors increasing risk. Most benefit will therefore be achieved by treating people at increased risk of coronary heart disease. Statins reduce coronary morbidity even when the risk of coronary heart disease is relatively low (6% over 10 years), but reduction in all-cause mortality, the true measure of safety has been shown only when the risk of a major coronary heart disease event is 15% over 10 years or greater. At this level of risk patients appear willing to take treatment to gain the benefit expected from statin treatment, and the cost effectiveness of statin treatment is within the range accepted for other treatments. The major impediments to the systematic introduction of statin treatment at this level of risk are the very high overall cost and the large workload in countries like Britain, where the population risk of coronary heart disease is high. For this reason, recent British guidelines correctly advise statin treatment for secondary prevention and primary prevention when the 10 year coronary heart disease risk is 30% or greater as the first priority, moving to a lower coronary heart disease threshold for primary prevention only when resources permit.     

Atrial pacing for rhythm control of atrial fibrillation

After atrial fibrillation (AF) develops, the first step is to search for and treat underlying (heart) s. Thereafter, AF should be treated. This includes prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially vascular events, and reduction of symptoms.1 The latter may be obtained by two treatment strategies: rhythm-control and/or rate-control treatment. Recent randomised trials have shown that rate control is not inferior to rhythm control with regard to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.2 In these studies, predominantly elderly patients with underlying heart s (especially hypertension) were included. Patients with (severely) symptomatic AF and advanced heart failure were excluded. Since then, rate-control treatment has been adopted more frequently, even as first-choice therapy, especially in the elderly.     

慢性病轨迹模式在射血分数保留型心力衰竭患者中的应用研究进展

近年来,射血分数保留型心力衰竭(HFpEF)的防治进展已成为国内外心血管医生关注的热点。HFpEF的防治是一个长期、综合的过程,虽然在规范化药物治疗方面有所进步,但是HFpEF患者的症状仍未得到理想控制。因此,以合理防治为主的全周期健康管理模式对HFpEF患者具有极其重要的意义。随着对HFpEF患者长期随访管理及预后相关研究的深入,慢性病轨迹模式逐步成为具有良好前景的规范化管理模式。科学、合理的慢性病轨迹模式管理可以更好地控制HFpEF患者症状,持续改善其生活质量。本文就慢性病轨迹模式管理在HFpEF患者中的最新进展做一综述。     

m6A RNA甲基化修饰在心血管疾病中的作用

N6-甲基腺嘌呤（N6-methyladenosine, m6A）是发生在腺嘌呤N6位的甲基化修饰,它是真核生物信使RNA(messenger RNA, mRNA)中最丰富的转录后修饰。m6A修饰是由甲基化酶、去甲基化酶以及结合蛋白质共同调控的动态可逆的过程,并且影响mRNA的生命周期各个阶段,包括稳定性、剪接、核输出、翻译和降解。近年来,有研究报道m6A连续动态调节在心血管疾病中发挥着重要的作用,包括动脉粥样硬化、心肌缺血再灌注损伤、心肌肥厚、心力衰竭、高血压以及腹主动脉瘤等。本文主要对m6A RNA甲基化修饰的作用机制及其在心血管疾病中的最新研究进展进行概述,此外,同时介绍了m6A 单核苷酸多态性（m6A-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms, m6A-SNPs）在心血管疾病中的应用,以期为心血管疾病的预防及治疗提供新的思路和途径。     

重组人脑利钠肽的临床应用进展

近年来,随着心力衰竭、肺动脉高压的病理生理及分子机制的深入研究,使上述疾病在临床药物治疗方面有了很大的进步,其中人脑利钠肽(BNP)作为体内唯一天然的肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮拮抗剂在诊断及治疗心力衰竭等方面均引起了广泛关注,但由于其在心衰状态下降解快且生物活性明显减弱而限制了临床应用。因此,在心力衰竭治疗上补充外源性BNP成为了又一研究热点。重组人脑利钠肽(rhBNP)是一种人工合成的内源性激素,具有扩张血管、排钠利尿、降低心脏前后负荷、抑制肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统和交感神经系统等作用,能够有效的改善充血性心力衰竭患者的血流动力学障碍。新近研究表明,rhBNP在治疗心血管疾病方面疗效显著,本文将就其在临床中的应用予以综述。     

线粒体质量控制与米色脂肪之间的关系

近年来,肥胖患病率不断上升,肥胖已成为全球性公共卫生问题.肥胖能够增加高血压、冠心病等心血管疾病的发病风险,防治肥胖已经成为亟待解决的社会问题.米色脂肪是一种产热型脂肪细胞,可在受到寒冷、药物、运动等外界刺激下由白色脂肪细胞转化而来,但其形态和功能却与白色脂肪细胞不同,而与棕色脂肪细胞类似,即米色脂肪同样含有丰富的线粒...     

Dairy products and cardiovascular disease

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although it has often been postulated that the consumption of dairy products is associated with a high risk of coronary heart disease, study results have been conflicting. This review summarizes recent observational and human intervention trial findings on dairy products and cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Results from more recent observational studies on dairy products and milk disagree. This may be because of the very different methods used combined with several methodological problems. A somewhat surprising beneficial association between the intake of dairy products and the metabolic syndrome was observed in some studies, although not in a single study of elderly women. Milk may have the same cholesterol-raising properties as butter, whereas cheese does not seem to increase plasma cholesterol. Some milk products fermented by specific bacterial strains have been shown to have rather moderate cholesterol-reducing properties. There is also good evidence that certain fermented products (especially by Lactobacillus helveticus) have a mildly decreasing effect on hypertension, probably because of bioactive peptides. SUMMARY: When guiding principles such as balance, variety and moderation are stressed, there is no strong evidence that dairy products increase the risk of coronary heart disease in healthy men of all ages or young and middle-aged healthy women. Human studies should investigate the role of dairy products with respect to sex and age by including classic and novel risk markers of coronary heart disease. Specific fermented milks may be beneficial in the future prevention of hypertension. The beneficially neutral effect of cheese on coronary heart disease risk factors should be elucidated further.     

Nutrition and hypertension

There has been a good deal of interest in the relation of nutrition to cardiovascular diseases and this is likely to continue. We consider recent research developments concerned with the well known examples of the association of high salt intake with hypertension and of saturated fats with atherosclerosis. Some of the difficulties encountered in the investigation of dietary factors in hypertension are similar to those encountered in the investigation of dietary factors in atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Much additional research, which takes into account the multifactorial nature of cardiovascular disease, is needed to determine the effects of diet on the development and treatment of these diseases.