低氧对胎盘基蜕膜间充质干细胞增殖、凋亡和血管内皮细胞生长因子表达的影响

本文旨在探讨生理低氧和无血清培养条件下人胎盘基蜕膜间充质干细胞（placental decidua basalis—mesenchymal stemcells,PDB-MSCs）的生物学特征和细胞因子的表达情况。采用密度梯度离心法培养获得PDB—MSCs,利用MTT法、流式细胞术检测PDB—MSCs在不同氧浓度（20％02和1％O2）、有无血清（10％FBS和0％FBS）条件下各个时间点（6h、12h、24h、48h、72h、96h）的增殖和凋亡情况,并采用酶联免疫吸附实验（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）检测无血清条件下各个时间点细胞上清液中血管内皮细胞生长因子（vascularendothelial growth factor,VEGF）含量。结果显示,在特定的时间内低氧可以促进PDB—MSCs增殖（P〈0．01,n=3）,而血清对PDB—MSCs增殖的影响与氧浓度关系密切;同时,在本实验条件下,低氧、无血清分别或联合培养不会导致PDB—MSCs凋亡（P〉0．05,n=3）;在无血清条件下,24h时低氧组PDB-MSCs表达较高水平的VEGF。以上结果提示,PDB—MSCs可能成为缺血相关组织工程产品种子细胞的一个新来源。     

脐带间充质干细胞联合UM171对脐血源CD34~+细胞的扩增效果研究

目的研究脐带间充质干细胞联合UM171对脐血来源CD34~+细胞的扩增效果。方法脐血来源CD34~+细胞及脐带来源间充质干细胞分为以下4组进行体外扩增培养10 d:对照组、UM171培养组、间充质干细胞共培养组、UM171联合间充质干细胞共培养组,采用方差分析比较不同组别间细胞扩增倍数及流式表型和集落培养情况。结果脐带间充质干细胞CD105,CD73,CD90,不表达CD14,CD34,CD19,CD45,HLA-DR,经过诱导可以向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、软骨细胞分化。CD34~+细胞在不同条件下体外培养10 d后,UM171培养组总有核细胞数扩增14倍,CD34~+细胞扩增13.5倍;MSCs共培养组总有核细胞数扩增11倍,CD34~+细胞扩增10倍;联合培养组总有核细胞数扩增达22倍,CD34~+细胞扩增21倍。联合培养组扩增后细胞CD34~+CD38~-比例达(91.49±2.67)﹪,较间充质干细胞培养组(78.11±2.35)﹪及UM171培养组(91.49±2.68)﹪相比差异具有统计学意义(P均0.01)。扩增后细胞集落培养14 d后,各系集落形成良好,UM171扩增组细胞较MSCs扩增组在红系及粒系形成能力方面存在优势。结论脐带血间充质干细胞作为细胞滋养层可提高CD34~+细胞体外扩增效果,UM171在扩增过程中可较好的保持细胞干性,二者联合应用扩增效果最佳,建立的脐带间充质干细胞联合UM171对脐血源CD34~+细胞的扩增方法可用于CD34~+细胞体外扩增培养。     

共表达PDX1和BTC间充质干细胞对转分化胰岛素分泌细胞的影响

该文通过Tet调控下共表达PDX1与BTC的骨髓间充质干细胞系(PDX1~+BTC~+MSCs),探讨PDX1和BTC共表达对骨髓间充质干细胞分化为胰岛素分泌细胞(IPCs)的效率及成熟度的影响。采用两步法对PDX1~+BTC~+MSCs细胞系诱导分化成IPCs,第一步Dox诱导7天检测到Nestin、CK19表达;第二步再诱导7天后形成DTZ染色阳性的胰岛样结构,Ngn3、Nkx6.1 mRNA水平和PDX1、Insulin、Glucagon的蛋白表达阳性。分化后的IPCs在葡萄糖刺激下能产生胰岛素和C肽,但仍不能达到正常胰岛水平。提示利用Tet-On体系调控PDX1和BTC共表达对骨髓间充质干细胞进行修饰,能有效诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,但分化成熟度仍然与天然胰岛细胞功能存在差距。     

丙二醛对体外培养下小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡的诱导作用

为了探索丙二醛对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)凋亡的诱导作用及其机制,在不同浓度的丙二醛培养体系中孵育MSCs 24 h,用TUNEL法、流式细胞术检测MSC凋亡率,并用实时定量RT-PCR、Western印迹检测Bcl-2、Bax及Caspase-3基因的表达水平。结果发现,MDA能浓度依赖性地增加TUNEL阳性细胞百分率、亚G1峰细胞百分率,同时下调Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达,上调Bax mRNA和Caspase-3 mRNA及蛋白的表达.这些结果表明:在体外培养条件下,丙二醛可诱导小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的凋亡,其作用机制与Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3基因表达水平的变化有关。     

体外缺血缺氧条件下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡发生的机制研究

目的:研究体外大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)在缺血缺氧条件下发生凋亡的作用机制。方法:采取大鼠骨髓,以密度梯度离心分离出单个核细胞(MNCs),于体外培养并由牛垂体提取物(PEX)诱导扩增传代培养出骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)。经形态学和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定后,骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)在缺血缺氧条件下培养,通过Annexin V/PI双染细胞凋亡检测比较不同组别细胞的凋亡率和蛋白印迹法(western blot)来观察细胞中蛋白的变化。结果:①经形态学观察和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定,提示骨髓间充质干细胞培养成功。②对照组(无缺血缺氧)与缺血缺氧组比较,缺血缺氧组的凋亡率显著性增加,而通过磷酸化Akt的表达量显著性增加提示PI3K(Phosphoinosi-tide-3kinase)/Akt(ProteinkinaseB,PKB)信号通路被激活(P<0.05);同时缺血缺氧组与缺血缺氧+PI3K/Akt抑制剂(LY294002)组比较,缺血缺氧+PI3K/Akt抑制剂(LY294002)组的凋亡率显著降低,而通过磷酸化Akt的表达量显著减少提示PI3K/Akt信号通路被抑制(P<0.05)。结论:PI3K/Akt信号通路对体外缺血缺氧条件下培养的骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡发生有关键性作用。     

体外缺血缺氧条件下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡发生的机制研究

目的：研究体外大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, BMSCs）在缺血缺氧条件下发生凋亡的作用机制。方法：采取大鼠骨髓,以密度梯度离心分离出单个核细胞（MNCs）,于体外培养并由牛垂体提取物（PEX）诱导扩增传代培养出骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）。经形态学和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定后,骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）在缺血缺氧条件下培养,通过Annexin V／PI双染细胞凋亡检测比较不同组别细胞的凋亡率和蛋白印迹法（western blot）来观察细胞中蛋白的变化。结果：①经形态学观察和流式细胞仪检测MSCs表面标志物鉴定,提示骨髓间充质干细胞培养成功。②对照组（无缺血缺氧）与缺血缺氧组比较,缺血缺氧组的凋亡率显著性增加,而通过磷酸化Akt的表达量显著性增加提示PI3K（Phosphoinositide-3kinase）／Akt（ProteinkinaseB,PKB）信号通路被激活（P〈0．05）;同时缺血缺氧组与缺血缺氧＋PI3K／Akt抑制剂（LY294002）组比较,缺血缺氧＋PI3K／Akt抑制剂（LY294002）组的凋亡率显著降低,而通过磷酸化Akt的表达量显著减少提示PI3K/Akt信号通路被抑制（P〈0．05）。结论：PI3K／Akt信号通路对体外缺血缺氧条件下培养的骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡发生有关键性作用。     

SLE患者PBMC凋亡状态及相关基因表达的研究

探讨外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)凋亡及其基因调控在系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)发病机制中的作用.用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测PBMC凋亡百分率及T细胞亚群的凋亡状态;用RT-PCR检测PBMC bcl-2和bax的mRNA表达;用FCM检测凋亡相关基因bcl-2,bax,fas,p53和c-myc的蛋白表达.结果显示,SLE患者PBMC凋亡百分率明显高于正常人,且活动期患者高于非活动期患者.SLE活动期患者CD4+,CD8+T细胞数明显低于正常人;非活动期患者CD8+T细胞数明显低于正常人,而CD4+T细胞数与正常人比较无统计学差异;SLE患者PBMC bcl-2和bax mRNA表达与正常人比较无统计学差异;SLE患者PBMC bcl-2,bax和fas蛋白表达明显高于正常人,p53和c-myc蛋白表达在各组之间无统计学差异.SLE患者PBMC凋亡百分率增高、外周血T细胞亚群的异常及bcl-2,bax和fas蛋白表达增高,在SLE发病机制中可能起了一定的作用.     

紫檀茋诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡

该文主要研究不同浓度紫檀对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖和凋亡的影响并分析细胞凋亡的可能机制。用不同浓度紫檀作用人胃癌SGC-7901细胞48 h后,通过MTT法检测细胞活性,荧光显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率和细胞周期,qRT-PCR和Western blot检测bax(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X)及bcl-2(B-cell lymphoma-2)m RNA和蛋白表达水平。结果显示,紫檀处理细胞48 h的IC_(50)值为53.44μg/m L,显微镜下可观察到明显凋亡现象,随着药物浓度的增加早期凋亡和晚期凋亡所占百分比均不断增加,细胞阻滞于G1期,bcl-2基因表达下降,bax基因表达增加。综上所述,在一定浓度范围内,紫檀能抑制人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,呈剂量依赖性,并可上调bax基因表达,下调bcl-2基因表达。     

人脐带间充质干细胞条件培养基对缺氧胰岛的保护作用

为了探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, hUC-MSCs)通过旁分泌作用对缺氧胰岛的保护,将新生猪胰岛细胞团(neonatal porcine islet cell clusters, NICCs)分别用人脐带间充质干细胞条件培养基(human umbilical cord-derived MSC-conditioned medium, hu-MSC-CM)及常规RPMI1640培养基(对照组)置于20%O_2和1%O_2的环境中培养。通过荧光激活细胞分类器、Seahorse线粒体应激实验检测不同培养基对缺氧NICCs活性、功能的影响,利用Western-blot检测缺氧时NICCs生存相关蛋白质的表达水平。实验结果显示,缺氧时hu-MSC-CM组中NICCs细胞得率、活性及功能较对照组均有明显改善(P0.05);实验组中缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, HIF-1α)表达上调,凋亡及自噬相关蛋白质表达下降。实验结果表明间充质干细胞通过旁分泌作用能有效提高缺氧胰岛的活力和功能。     

不同培养基对干细胞-胰岛复合物培养后形态和功能的影响

探讨3种培养基对干细胞包被胰岛形态和功能的影响。间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)、内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)、新生猪胰岛细胞(neonatal porcine islet cell clusters,NICCs)混合后分别用NICC培养基(A组)、MSC培养基(B组)、EPC培养基(C组)培养,观察各组中NICCs形态、分泌功能、基因表达水平及混合细胞凋亡率。C组破碎细胞数量明显比A、B两组少,凋亡率低,胰岛素和胰高血糖素基因的mRNA相对表达量高(P0.05)。EPC培养基对NICCs的保护作用最优。     

Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning enhances the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction

Background  

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based regenerative therapy is currently regarded as an alternative approach to salvage the acute myocardial infarcted hearts. However, the efficiency of MSCs transplantation is limited by lower survival rate of engrafted MSCs. In previous study, we found that 1.0 μg/ml Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could protect MSCs against apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and meanwhile enhance the proliferation of MSCs. Therefore, in the present study, we firstly preconditioned MSCs with 1.0 μg/ml LPS, then transplanted MSCs into ischemic myocardium, and observed the survival and cardiac protective capacity of MSCs in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction. Furthermore, we tried to explore the underlying mechanisms and the role of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) in the signal pathway of LPS-induced cardiac protection.     

Hypoxic Preconditioning Increases Survival and Pro-Angiogenic Capacity of Human Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro

Hypoxic preconditioning was shown to improve the therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) upon transplantation in ischemic tissue. Given the interest in clinical applications of umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs, we developed a specific hypoxic preconditioning protocol and investigated its anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic effects on cord blood MSCs undergoing simulated ischemia in vitro by subjecting them to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation with or without preceding hypoxic preconditioning. Cell number, metabolic activity, surface marker expression, chromosomal stability, apoptosis (caspases-3/7 activity) and necrosis were determined, and phosphorylation, mRNA expression and protein secretion of selected apoptosis and angiogenesis-regulating factors were quantified. Then, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were subjected to simulated ischemia in co-culture with hypoxically preconditioned or naïve cord blood MSCs, and HUVEC proliferation was measured. Migration, proliferation and nitric oxide production of HUVECs were determined in presence of cord blood MSC-conditioned medium. Cord blood MSCs proved least sensitive to simulated ischemia when they were preconditioned for 24 h, while their basic behavior, immunophenotype and karyotype in culture remained unchanged. Here, “post-ischemic” cell number and metabolic activity were enhanced and caspase-3/7 activity and lactate dehydrogenase release were reduced as compared to non-preconditioned cells. Phosphorylation of AKT and BAD, mRNA expression of BCL-XL, BAG1 and VEGF, and VEGF protein secretion were higher in preconditioned cells. Hypoxically preconditioned cord blood MSCs enhanced HUVEC proliferation and migration, while nitric oxide production remained unchanged. We conclude that hypoxic preconditioning protects cord blood MSCs by activation of anti-apoptotic signaling mechanisms and enhances their angiogenic potential. Hence, hypoxic preconditioning might be a translationally relevant strategy to increase the tolerance of cord blood MSCs to ischemia and improve their therapeutic efficacy in clinical applications.     

The Co-Transplantation of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduced Inflammation in Intramuscular Islet Transplantation

Aims/HypothesisAlthough the muscle is one of the preferable transplant sites in islet transplantation, its transplant efficacy is poor. Here we attempted to determine whether an intramuscular co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could improve the outcome.MethodsWe co-cultured murine islets with MSCs and then analyzed the morphological changes, viability, insulin-releasing function (represented by the stimulation index), and gene expression of the islets. We also transplanted 500 islets intramuscularly with or without 5 × 10⁵ MSCs to diabetic mice and measured their blood glucose level, the glucose changes in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, and the plasma IL-6 level. Inflammation, apoptosis, and neovascularization in the transplantation site were evaluated histologically.ResultsThe destruction of islets tended to be prevented by co-culture with MSCs. The stimulation index was significantly higher in islets co-cultured with MSCs (1.78 ± 0.59 vs. 7.08 ± 2.53; p = 0.0025). In terms of gene expression, Sult1c2, Gstm1, and Rab37 were significantly upregulated in islets co-cultured with MSCs. Although MSCs were effective in the in vitro assays, they were only partially effective in facilitating intramuscular islet transplantation. Co-transplanted MSCs prevented an early inflammatory reaction from the islets (plasma IL-6; p = 0.0002, neutrophil infiltration; p = 0.016 inflammatory area; p = 0.021), but could not promote neovascularization in the muscle, resulting in the failure of many intramuscular transplanted islets to engraft.ConclusionsIn conclusion, co-culturing and co-transplanting MSCs is potentially useful in islet transplantation, especially in terms of anti-inflammation, but further augmentation for an anti-apoptosis effect and neovascularization is necessary.     

Co-transplantation of islets with mesenchymal stem cells in microcapsules demonstrates graft outcome can be improved in an isolated-graft model of islet transplantation in mice

Background aimsCo-transplantation of islets with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to improve graft outcome in mice, which has been partially attributed to the effects of MSCs on revascularization and preservation of islet morphology. Microencapsulation of islets provides an isolated-graft model of islet transplantation that is non-vascularized and prevents islet aggregation to preserve islet morphology. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSCs could improve graft outcome in a microencapsulated/isolated-graft model of islet transplantation.MethodsMouse islets and kidney MSCs were co-encapsulated in alginate, and their function was assessed in vitro. A minimal mass of 350 syngeneic islets encapsulated alone or co-encapsulated with MSCs (islet+MSC) were transplanted intraperitoneally into diabetic mice, and blood glucose concentrations were monitored. Capsules were recovered 6 weeks after transplantation, and islet function was assessed.ResultsIslets co-encapsulated with MSCs in vitro had increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and content. The average blood glucose concentration of transplanted mice was significantly lower by 3 weeks in the islet+MSC group. By week 6, 71% of the co-encapsulated group were cured compared with 16% of the islet-alone group. Capsules recovered at 6 weeks had greater glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content in the islet+MSC group.ConclusionsMSCs improved the efficacy of microencapsulated islet transplantation. Using an isolated-graft model, we were able to eliminate the impact of MSC-mediated enhancement of revascularization and preservation of islet morphology and demonstrate that the improvement in insulin secretion and content is sustained in vivo and can significantly improve graft outcome.     

WJSC 6th Anniversary Special Issues（2）:Mesenchymal stem cells Mesenchymal stem cells help pancreatic islet transplantation to control type 1 diabetes

Islet cell transplantation has therapeutic potential to treat type 1 diabetes,which is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic isletβcells.It represents a minimal invasive approach forβcell replacement,but long-term blood control is still largely unachievable.This phenomenon can be attributed to the lack of islet vasculature and hypoxic environment in the immediate post-transplantation period that contributes to the acute loss of islets by ischemia.Moreover,graft failures continue to occur because of immunological rejection,despite the use of potent immunosuppressive agents.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have the potential to enhance islet transplantation by suppressing inflammatory damage and immune mediated rejection.In this review we discuss the impact of MSCs on islet transplantation and focus on the potential role of MSCs in protecting islet grafts from early graft failure and from autoimmune attack.     

Metabolic and Pancreatic Effects of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of multiple infusions of allogeneic MSCs on glucose homeostasis and morphometry of pancreatic islets in high- fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Swiss mice were fed standard diet (C group) or HFD (HFD group). After 8 weeks, animals of HFD group received sterile phosphate-buffered saline infusions (HFD-PBS) or four infusions of MSCs one week apart (HFD-MSCs). Fasting glycemia (FG) was determined weekly and glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance tests were performed 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after the infusions of MSCs. The MSCs transplanted mice were classified as responder (FG < 180 mg/dL, 72.2% of transplanted mice) or non-responder (FG > 180mg/dL, 28.8%) Seven weeks after MSCs infusions, FG decreased in HFD-MSCs responder mice compared with the HFD-PBS group. Sixteen weeks post MSCs infusions, GTT and ITT areas under the curve (AUC) decreased in HFD-MSCs responder mice compared to HFD-PBS group. Serum insulin concentration was higher in HFD-PBS group than in control animals and was not different compared with the other groups. The relative volume of α-cells was significantly smaller in HFD-PBS group than in C group and significantly higher in HFD-MSCs-NR than in HFD-PBS and HFD-MSCs-R groups. Cell apoptosis in the islets was higher in HFD-PBS group than in C group, and lower in HFD-MSCs responder mice than in HFD-PBS group and non-responder animals. The results demonstrate the ability of multiple infusions of MSCs to promote prolonged decrease in hyperglycemia and apoptosis in pancreatic islets and increase in insulin sensitivity in HFD fed mice.     

TNF‐α promotes survival and migration of MSCs under oxidative stress via NF‐κB pathway to attenuate intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts

The oxidative stress caused by endothelial injury is involved in intimal hyperplasia (IH) in vein grafts. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can home to injured intima and promote endothelial repair. However, MSC apoptosis is increased accompanied by decreased functional activity under oxidative stress. Thus, we investigate whether tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) can promote the survival and activity of MSCs under oxidative stress to reduce IH more effectively, and establish what role the NF‐κB pathway plays in this. In this study, we preconditioned MSCs with TNF‐α (^{TNF‐α‐PC}MSCs) for 24 hrs and measured the activation of the IKK/NF‐κB pathway. EdU and transwell assays were performed to assess proliferation and migration of ^{TNF‐α‐PC}MSCs. Apoptosis and migration of ^{TNF‐α‐PC}MSCs were evaluated in conditions of oxidative stress by analysis of the expression of Bcl‐2 and CXCR4 proteins. ^{TNF‐α‐PC}MSCs were transplanted into a vein graft model, so that cell homing could be tracked, and endothelial apoptosis and IH of vein grafts were measured. The results demonstrated that TNF‐α promotes proliferation and migration of MSCs. Furthermore, survival and migration of ^{TNF‐α‐PC}MSCs under oxidative stress were both enhanced. A greater number of MSCs migrated to the intima of vein grafts after preconditioning with TNF‐α, and the formation of neointima was significantly reduced. These effects could be partially abolished by IKK XII (NF‐κB inhibitor). All these results indicate that preconditioning with TNF‐α can promote survival and migration of MSCs under oxidative stress via the NF‐κB pathway and thus attenuate IH of vein grafts.     

快速诱导细胞凋亡及检测方法研究

目的：探讨Ca2＋和Na＋诱导细胞凋亡的最佳浓度及时间,并用甲基绿一派诺宁染色法检测凋亡细胞的形态变化。方法：分别用不同浓度梯度及时间梯度的Ca2＋和Na＋胁迫处理洋葱鳞茎内表皮细胞,得诱导的最佳浓度及时间;用甲基绿一派诺宁染色法检测诱导凋亡的洋葱鳞茎内表皮细胞、大蒜根尖细胞和鸡血红细胞的形态特征变化。结果：诱导处理的最佳Ca2＋和Na＋浓度为0．4mol／L,最适时间约为8h,且CaCl2的诱导效果较NaCl好;经甲基绿一派诺宁染色,洋葱鳞茎内表皮细胞、大蒜根尖细胞、鸡血红细胞凋亡细胞的细胞核均呈蓝紫色,细胞质呈红色。结论：找出了诱导细胞凋亡的最适Ca2＋和Na＋浓度和时间,并检测到细胞凋亡。     

Beneficial Effect of Insulin Treatment on Islet Transplantation Outcomes in Akita Mice

Islet transplantation is a promising potential therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes. The outcome of islet transplantation depends on the transplantation of a sufficient amount of β-cell mass. However, the initial loss of islets after transplantation is problematic. We hypothesized the hyperglycemic status of the recipient may negatively affect graft survival. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effect of insulin treatment on islet transplantation involving a suboptimal amount of islets in Akita mice, which is a diabetes model mouse with an Insulin 2 gene missense mutation. Fifty islets were transplanted under the left kidney capsule of the recipient mouse with or without insulin treatment. For insulin treatment, sustained-release insulin implants were implanted subcutaneously into recipient mice 2 weeks before transplantation and maintained for 4 weeks. Islet transplantation without insulin treatment did not reverse hyperglycemia. In contrast, the group that received transplants in combination with insulin treatment exhibited improved fasting blood glucose levels until 18 weeks after transplantation, even after insulin treatment was discontinued. The group that underwent islet transplantation in combination with insulin treatment had better glucose tolerance than the group that did not undergo insulin treatment. Insulin treatment improved graft survival from the acute phase (i.e., 1 day after transplantation) to the chronic phase (i.e., 18 weeks after transplantation). Islet apoptosis increased with increasing glucose concentration in the medium or blood in both the in vitro culture and in vivo transplantation experiments. Expression profile analysis of grafts indicated that genes related to immune response, chemotaxis, and inflammatory response were specifically upregulated when islets were transplanted into mice with hyperglycemia compared to those with normoglycemia. Thus, the results demonstrate that insulin treatment protects islets from the initial rapid loss that is usually observed after transplantation and positively affects the outcome of islet transplantation in Akita mice.     

CD147对白血病细胞U937生长和肿瘤形成的影响

目的：研究CD147对白血病细胞U937生长和肿瘤形成的影响。方法：分别采用脂多糖（LPS）或CD147单克隆抗体处理U937细胞;用RT-PCR和流式细胞术分别在mRNA和蛋白水平检测各组中CD147的表达情况;用流式细胞术检测在LtX3和CD147单克隆抗体作用下U937细胞周期的变化;用MTT法对各组细胞的生长状况进行分析;将细胞经皮下接种于裸鼠体内,对各组间肿瘤生长速度、肿瘤体积及裸鼠存活时间进行统计分析。结果：LPS在体外能够诱导自血病细胞U937表面CD147的表达,同时细胞增殖旺盛,但细胞凋亡数增加;使用CD147抗体阻断CD147后,能够将细胞周期阻断在G0／G1期,细胞活力下降,并诱导细胞凋亡;CD147抗体体外预处理能够抑制U937细胞在裸鼠体内的生长,使小鼠存活时间延长。结论：LPS可诱导U937细胞表面CD147分子表达增加,从而促进U937细胞的生长和肿瘤形成。