蛋氨酸高产酵母突变株的推理筛选

以啤酒酵母（Saccharomycescerevisiae）菌株Ⅰ为出发株,经紫外线处理后,在含可完全抑制出发株生长的乙硫氨酸（浓度为2g/L）的基本培养从上筛出14株生长良好的突变株,其中I－2,I－9株还能在无硫基本培养基上良好生长。经氨基酸自动分析仪检测,I－2株菌体蛋白中的蛋氨酸含量（质量由分比）由I株的1．93增年9．28。     

6-巯基嘌呤筛选L-组氨酸产生菌株

目的：为得到L-组氨酸的高产菌株。方法：以谷氨酸棒杆（Corynebacterium glutamicum）S6为出发菌株,利用亚硝基胍进行多次诱变。结果：在6-巯基嘌呤（MP）的抗性梯度平板上挑取正突变菌株,发酵,最终挑出一株N13（MP）,可积累L-组氨酸561mg／L,比出发菌株提高45．34％。结论：利用结构类似物抗性平板御筛选L-his高产菌株是可行的。     

大剂量紫外诱变选育ε-聚赖氨酸高产菌

以白色链霉菌Z-18为出发菌株,经大剂量紫外诱变处理,用S-2-氨基乙基-L-半胱氨酸（AEC）氨基酸结构类似物平板定向育种方法,获得1株ε-聚赖氨酸高产菌C-18,其发酵液中ε-聚赖氨酸产量较出发菌株提高42．9％。在含有50g／L葡萄糖的培养基中,ε-聚赖氨酸积累可达1．23g／L。     

L-赖氨酸产生菌FH128菌株的研究(Ⅰ)FH128菌株的选育及摇瓶发酵

以赖氨酸产生菌Ａ１１１（ＨＳ－、ＡＥＣｒ）为出发株,经化学诱变剂ＭＮＮＧ（Ｎ－甲基－Ｎ′－硝基－Ｎ－亚硝基胍）及单氟醋酸处理获得单氟醋酸抗性突变株Ｆ７９,摇瓶发酵产Ｌ－赖氨酸盐酸盐７．０％～７．５％,对糖转化率３８％～４０％,分别比Ａ１１１株提高约２５％及２０％。然后,再以Ｆ７９菌为亲株经ＭＮＮＧ及噻唑丙氨酸处理获得噻唑丙氨酸抗性突变株ＦＨ１２８,在适宜的培养条件下,摇瓶发酵产Ｌ－赖氨酸盐酸盐８．５％～９．５％,最高产酸率１１％,对糖转化率４５％～５０％。在１６Ｌ自控发酵罐发酵,产Ｌ－赖氨酸盐酸盐１２％～１４％,对糖转化率４０％～４５％;在２０～１００ｍ３发酵罐发酵,产酸率为８．５％～９．５％,对糖转化率４０％～４２％,提取总收率８０％～８５％,成品（饲料级Ｌ－赖氨酸盐酸盐）质量符合国家标准（ＧＢ８２４５－８７）。ＦＨ１２８菌株遗传性能稳定,营养要求粗放,工艺较简单,便于工业化,二年前已应用于工业生产。     

L-组氨酸高产菌株的选育

为得到L-组氨酸的高产菌株,以谷氨酸棒杆菌（Corynebacterium glutamicum）S9114为出发菌株,利用亚硝基胍（NTG）和硫酸二乙酯（DES）进行多次诱变,在D-组氨酸的抗性梯度平板上挑取正突变株,发酵检测,最终挑出一株S6（D—his＇）,可积累L-组氨酸327mg／L,比出发菌株提高47.3％。     

有益芽胞杆菌受体菌研究

采用酸性茚三酮法测定了30株有益芽胞杆菌的赖氨酸产量,然后在不同的溶菌酶浓度下,对赖氨酸产量超过0.07g/L的21株菌进行原生质体转化质粒pUB110,测定原生质体形成率、原生质体再生率及转化频率,结果6103,6104,6120,6129四株菌的转化频率较高。然后,采用经典遗传学方法选育AEC抗性突变株,使赖氨酸积累提高。其中,B. licheniformis 6104诱变菌株610401能积累赖氨酸2.91 g/L,比出发菌株提高了17倍左右,转化率也提高了一个数量级。通过质粒的再转化试验及传代稳定性试验,进一步证实B.licheniformis 6104及其突变菌株610401是较好的受体菌,尤其是用于赖氨酸合成酶基因的表达。     

南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变筛选研究

通过对链霉素对南昌霉素（Nanchangmycin)产生菌NS－41－80菌株孢子的致死浓度测定基础上,采用诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）的不同诱发剂量对菌株孢子进行诱变处理,诱变处理的孢子涂布在含链霉素（10ug/mL)致死浓度的高氏平板上,获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因（str)突变株。然后从3,000株链霉素抗性基因（str)突变株中通过初筛获得比诱变出发菌株产素能力提高20％以上的菌株202株,再进一步通过摇瓶复筛,获得比出发菌株产素能力分别提高100％,200％,300％高产菌株为48株,7株和1株,分别为复筛菌和初筛菌株的23．76％和1．60％,3．46％和0．23％,0．5％和0．03％,将产素能力提高240％以上5个菌株连同出发菌株连续3批次进行摇瓶发酵结果,5个突变株的产素能力均比出发菌株的产素能力提高57％－96．4％,其中突变株80－5．3－165菌株摇瓶发酵单位达6,000ug/mL以上,3批次摇瓶平均发酵单位达5,855ug/mL,建立了南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变快速高效的筛选方法。     

紫外诱变原生质体选育赖氨酸高产菌株

以钝齿棒杆菌102S₂-58为出发菌株,在原生质体形成及再生的最佳条件下制备原生质体,并对原生质体进行紫外诱变处理,对大量的再生突变株进行发酵筛选．获得了高产稳定株102－100号,其发酵液经氨基酸自动分析仪测定L－赖氨酸积累量由出发菌株的5O．Omg／ml提高到80．8mg／ml,糖转化率达到63．88％．发酵液中主要副产酸——纈氨酸和蛋氨酸的量明显降低。     

有益芽孢杆菌受体菌研究

采用酸性茚三酮法测定了30株有益芽胞杆菌的赖氨酸产量,然后在不同的溶菌酶浓度下,对赖氨酸产量超过0．07g/L的21株菌进行原生质体转化质粒pUB110,测定原生质体形成率、原生质体再生率及转化频率,结果6103,6104,6120,6129四株菌的转化频率较高。最后,采用经典遗传学方法选育AEC抗性突变株,使赖氨酸积累提高。其中,B.licheniformis 6104诱变菌株610401能积累赖氨酸2．91g/L ,比出发菌株提高了17倍左右,转化率也提高了一个数量级。通过质粒的再转化试验及传代稳定性试验,进一步证实B.licheniformis 6104及其 突变菌株610401是较好的受体菌,尤其是用于赖氨酸合成酶基因的表达。     

丙酮酸激酶缺陷型黄色短杆菌突变株生成赖氨酸的机制研究

<正> 黄色短杆菌(Brevibacterinm flavum)突变株№.1—231为 S-(2-氨基乙基)-L-半胱氨酸(AEC)抗性、甲硫氨酸敏感性、低活力高丝氨酸脱氢酶(HD)和丙酮酸激酶(PK)缺失的赖氨酸产生菌,由此菌株得到了对甲硫氨酸不敏感的回复突变株,它们有正常的 HD,并有与№.1—231相同的 AEC 抗性和 PK 缺失,但是它们并不比其出发菌株№.15—8产生更多的赖氯酸,而№.1—231从№.15—8得到。赖氨酸高产突变株№.22是从菌株№.1—231通过筛选对β—氟代丙酮酸(FP)的敏感株而得到,它 HD 缺失,此通过从№.1—231两次突变筛选高丝氨酸缺陷型的 HD 缺失突变株产生更多的赖氨酸。菌株№.22在试验的条件下,并不对FP 敏感。在测定的各种赖氨酸生物合成酶中,№.22比其亲株和后者 HD 缺失突变株具有较高活力的天冬氨酸-β-半醛脱氢酶。菌株№.22在含有大豆水解液、甲硫氨酸和100克/升葡萄糖的培养基中培养72小时,可产50克/升赖氯酸盐酸盐。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.