Gz重力作用下脑循环的改变

为了研究 Gz重力作用下脑循环的改变,10名被试者在半径为6米的人体离心机上承受了 G_Z超重作用。实验记录了心电、上臂血压、心振动图和脑阻抗图。发现,随着超重值的增加,心率、心输出量、上臂血压和外周循环阻力逐渐增大,计算得到的头部眼水平的平均动脉血压逐渐下降,脑阻抗图波高和波形发生明显改变。并对重要的生理指标和脑循环调节机制进行了分析和讨论。结果表明,尽管机体内存在许多补偿机制,但在G值较高时,由于不能完全代偿血液静水压效应的影响,脑循环还是可能发生明显的改变。     

生物电磁学的研究动态

简要地介绍了生物电磁学的研究历史及其理论基础,并对生物电磁学中研究较多的心电心磁和脑电脑磁的进展作出综述     

运动性内源自由基对大鼠肝线粒体的影响

采用大鼠耗竭游泳作为动物运动模型,用戊巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定脂质过氧化水平,薄层色谱—定磷法测定心磷脂含量,细胞色素C还原法测定细胞色素C氧化酶活性。结果如下:耗竭运动时,肝线粒体脂质过氧化水平升高24％;心磷脂含量下降21％;细胞色素C氧化酶活性下降25％。上述结果表明:耗竭运动时,机体内源自由基的产生是运动损伤和整体疲劳的原因之一。     

用于检测呼吸道复温的低体温犬模型的建立

目的：为开展低体温复温方法和装备研究,建立了抑制寒颤的低体温犬模型。方法：使用热电偶测温仪测定受试犬体心温度和皮肤温度,将麻醉受试犬浸泡在16．7℃水中直至食道温度降至34．0℃,受试犬出水后待体心温度基本稳定时静脉注射骨骼肌松弛剂卡肌宁,建立抑制寒颤的低体温犬模型。结果：低体温犬的体心温度可用直肠温度或食道温度表示,但二者不可混用。卡肌宁可排除寒颤对单纯呼吸道复温的影响,抑制寒颤的低体温犬模型可用于呼吸道复温方法或装备的检测。结论：建立的低体温犬模型可排除寒颤干扰、重复性好,实验条件简单,便于使用。     

Ⅱ型心肾综合征动物模型研究进展

心肾综合征(CRS)是心肾互损的终末期状态,预示不良的结局指标.目前关于CRS的生理、病理机制的研究是临床治疗的重点和难点,因此建立合适的动物模型模拟这一过程对于CRS的研究至关重要.本文通过检索国内外文献,从单一模型和复合模型两个方面着手,对Ⅱ型CRS动物模型进行综述并进行临床评价,其中单一模型包括:冠状动脉结扎动物...     

创伤创面对心肌酶谱的影响

目的探讨创伤创面对心肌酶谱的影响。方法对伴有心肌酶谱升高者,及早修复创伤创面以促进伤口愈合,手术前后观察心肌酶谱的变化。结果手术后心肌酶谱显著降低(P<0.01),创伤创面修复后,一般经3~8天心肌酶谱恢复正常。结论导致创伤病人心肌酶谱升高的主要原因是由于创面的存在,创面修复后,心肌酶谱随之恢复。     

介绍一种简单、新型的主要用于蛙心灌注实验的计滴装置

目的:介绍一种简单、新型的计滴装置的制作和使用方法.方法:对蛙心灌流中过去曾使用过的ハ-ム法和斯氏法进行了改进.取一个20 ml注射器,其内固定两个电极,用塑料管加工成出、入液管和阻力管.结果:使用新型的计滴装置,可在离体蛙心观察前负荷、后负荷、激素和电解质对心功能的影响.结论:经改进的计滴装置,制作经济,操作简单,和微机配合使用,更具直观性、准确性,能客观地反映各种理化因素对心功能的影响.     

基于活动轮廓模型的序列超声图像的心内壁运动跟踪方法

提出一种对心脏序列超声图像中的心内壁进行运动跟踪的方法,采用活动轮廓模型将前一帧图像中snake的停留位置作为当前帧snake的初始位置,选择适当的能量函数,使能量函数最小snake变形得到当前时刻的心内壁轮廓,实验结果论证了该算法的可行性。     

心宁片对糖尿病合并心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用和机制研究

目的:研究心宁片对糖尿病合并心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法:腹腔注射STZ加高脂高糖饲料喂养诱导二型糖尿病小鼠模型,随机分为假手术组、模型组及心宁片高、中、低剂量组(心宁片10、20和30 mg·kg~(-1)),每组10只。在此基础上,制作心肌缺血再灌注模型。测定小鼠体内血糖和血脂水平,测定缺血再灌注后心肌酶(LDH和CK-MB)、心梗面积以及AMPK磷酸化水平。结果:心宁片能够有效的控制糖尿病小鼠体内血糖和血脂水平,减轻胰岛素抵抗情况。心宁片能够减轻缺血再灌注引起的心肌梗死,降低LDH和CK-MB水平,减少MDA水平。同时,还发现心宁片能够促进AMPK蛋白磷酸化。采用AMPK特异性抑制剂Compound C抑制AMPK后,LDH水平显著升高,心宁片的心肌保护作用减弱。结论:心宁片能够保护糖尿病合并缺血再灌注损伤,其机制可能是通过AMPK信号通路。     

心草中总黄酮含量的测定及其提取工艺研究

目的:测定心草中的总黄酮含量并确定其提取条件。方法:采用分光光度法测定、乙醇浸提法提取心草中的总黄酮。结果:浸提的最佳条件是:A3B1C3D2,即用20倍50%乙醇在70℃下进行6h,总黄酮含量为15.675%。平均加样回收率为97.67%。结论:心草中的总黄酮含量较高,此方法简便、快速、重现性好,可作为检测心草中黄酮含量的一种手段。     

塔里木盆地陆面水文模式研究

研究土壤、植被、大气统一体内水分循环和能量交换过程的复杂特性,形成一人比较反映真实情况,定量模拟这些交换过程模式的重要性已引起大家的注意,早在１９６９年Ｐｈｉｌｌｐ就强调用这种统一体现观点去陆地与大之间的水热交换,生态工作者过去的许多工作都已说明发生在陆气交界面上的水热交换过程同覆盖陆地的植被状况有密切的关系,不同陆面生物圈结构物理及植物生理性质将对这种交换过程的起着决定性的作用,从而对气候与环境     

THE EFFECT OF LIMB ISCHAEMIA ON THE TURNOVER OF NORADRENALINE IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND BRAIN STEM OF THE RAT

The effect of ischaemic limb injury on the turnover of noradrenaline in the hypothalamus and brain stem has been studied in rats. There are theoretical reasons for thinking that these regions are activated in trauma and previous work showed that during limb-ischaemia the concentration of noradrenaline in the hypothalamus decreased by 27 per cent. The tourniquets were applied to both hind-limbs 1 h after the injection of [¹⁴C]-tyrosine when the labelling of the noradrenaline was maximal. During 4 h limb ischaemia the endogenous tyrosine concentration in the plasma decreased while that in the hypothalamus first rose and then fell. Changes in a similar direction in the brain stem were not statistically significant. Limb ischaemia did not affect the decline in the specific activity of the plasma or tissue tyrosine. It was concluded that the injury increased the utilization of tyrosine by the body. During the 4 h bilateral hind-limb ischaemia the rate of decline of [¹⁴C]noradrenaline was significantly increased in the brain stem but not in the hypothalamus. Conditions in the brain stem were sufficiently close to ‘steady-state’ to be able to conclude that the injury increased the metabolism of noradrenaline in the brain stem. Conditions in the hypothalamus were too complicated for definite conclusions to be drawn. The possible reasons for this and the limitations of this method for studying noradrenaline turnover are discussed.     

小家鼠和实验小鼠遗传特性的比较研究

本文用同工酶电泳法、微量细胞毒法和免疫双向扩散法对我国4个动物地理区的6个采集点的156个小家鼠(Mus musculus)进行了遗传特性的调查。结果发现:在全部被测的13个位点中,小家鼠在7个位点上存在着多种实验小鼠中罕见的基因组成;而不同动物地理区和亚区的小家鼠的遗传特性又各不相同。从而指出将小家鼠的特有基因导入实验小鼠,培育新品系的重大意义。     

网织红细胞成熟过程中膜剪切弹性模量及表面粘度的改变

用鸡抗兔血清的抗体使兔造成急性溶血性贫血的方法,诱发兔体内同步生长的新生网织红细胞,用文宗曜等提出的一种测量红细胞膜剪切弹性模量及表面粘度的新方法——新型激光衍射法,连续72h监测经过不同发育阶段的网织红细胞的小变形指数和变形恢复过程(即松弛过程)中变形恢复到最大值一半的时间(即变形恢复半时间,t0.5),将测得的结果分别代入红细胞膜的剪切弹性模量公式和表面粘度公式。计算出不同发育阶段的网织红细胞的膜剪切弹性模量和表面粘度,发现网织红细胞在转变为成熟红细胞的过程中,其膜剪切弹性模量和表面粘度有明显改变。这对研究由于贫血等原因造成的网织红细胞增多情况下全血的微观流变学特性有重要的-临床意义,同时对新生网织红细胞在转化过程中膜的剪切弹性模量和表面粘度的变化规律加以系统研究,具有重要的基础理论研究价值。     

影响肝素钠产量关键因子的研究

本文用数理统计的方法对肝素钠产量动态数据进行分析,用加权最小二乘法建立肝素钠产量的Logistic模型,并对其机理进行分析。x~2检验结果表明：模型的理论值与实测值适合性极显著。由此得到D_254树脂的最适添加量,肝素钠产量增长率计算公式以及饱和产量的预测式。     

THE EVOLUTION OF TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS: CONDITIONS FOR ESTABLISHMENT IN BACTERIAL POPULATIONS

Previous theoretical studies have shown that bacterial transposons can become established in populations by infectious transfer, even if they reduce the fitness of their host cells. Conditions for the persistence of “parasitic” transposons are, however, restrictive: i) transposition must be replicative, rather than conservative; ii) the rate of transposition must be greater than the loss in host fitness caused by the transposon; and iii) cells must exchange plasmids at rates greater than the fitness cost of the transposon. I sought to test the validity of the model underlying this theory by performing experiments with laboratory populations of the bacterium Escherichia coli, the conjugative plasmid R100, and the transposons Tn3 and Tn5. A plasmid-borne transposon was introduced at low frequency into a population of bacteria carrying the same plasmid without the transposon in a habitat where the transposon offered no benefit to its host. The fate of the invading transposon was followed by tracking the various bacterial populations appearing in the cultures. Using independent estimates of the parameters of the model, predicted population changes were generated with numerical solutions of the model, and these were compared to experimental results. Plasmids transferred into new hosts as predicted by the model, and the resulting transconjugant populations either maintained a steady low density or rose slowly in abundance. Transposition appeared to play no role in population changes. Abundance of all cell types fit theoretical predictions of a system with no transposition, despite evidence that transposition was taking place. This is exactly what the model predicted. It thus appears unlikely that deleterious or neutral transposons have much impact on the genetics of bacterial populations. This is consistent with the hypothesis that most bacterial transposons are not parasitic DNA, but rather invade and persist in populations by providing a fitness advantage to cells carrying them.     

不同栽培模式黄山药新根茎生长量的比较研究

本文研究了3种栽培模式(农业栽培模式、苹果园栽培模式和灌丛林带栽培模式)对黄山药新根茎生长量的影响,分析了3种模式的利弊和规模化发展黄山药的可能性,为多途径规模化发展黄山药提供了理论依据和技术范例。     

共聚焦激光检眼镜下眼底图像的非特征配准约束模型研究

研究共聚焦激光检眼镜下不基于特征提取的眼底图像自动配准方法中的运动约束模型,从成像机理上分析共聚焦激光检眼镜下图像对间的运动模式,并分析比较多种实际全局运动模型约束下的配准精度和效率,进而给出一种由粗到细的复合约束模型对眼底图像进行配准。实验结果证实了该模型效果良好。     

Why are there four letters in the genetic alphabet?

We list, without thinking, the four base types that make up DNA as adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. But why are there four? This question is now all the more relevant as organic chemists have synthesized new base pairs that can be incorporated into nucleic acids. Here, I argue that there are theoretical, experimental and computational reasons to believe that having four base types is a frozen relic from the RNA world, when RNA was genetic as well as enzymatic material.