蘑菇

素有天然“火山博物馆”之称的五大连池有着丰富地质资源的同时,还有丰富的菌类资源,蘑菇种类达到四五十种。菌类在自然界中的一个重要角色就是分解者。一些植物的残体通过菌类的分解,重新变成营养物质而返回到土壤当中,有利于其他植物的生长和吸收。现在就让我们来看看这些漂亮的小家伙吧!     

Mushroom poisoning

In the research we included a total of 207 subjects with the dismissal diagnosis of "mycetismus", who were treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital Osijek, during the 1983-1992 period. 32 of them were children. There were 44.93% of men, 39.61% of women and 15.45% of children. The latent time > 6 hours was determined in 51 (25%) and < 6 hours in 75% of subjects. In 156 of patients with the latent time > 6 hours, "false" poisoning occured, while 51 patients experienced real mushroom toxins poisoning. At the admission to the hospital, in patients with the latent time > 6 hours, a pathological PT (protrombine time) was established only in women, leukocytosis in both women and children, increased concentration of GGT (gamma-glutamin-transferase) in men, increased AST (aspartate-aminotransferase) and ALT (alanin-aminotransferase) only in women, and increased urea in both women and children. After 24 hours, control measuring established high values of AST and ALT extended PT uremia and exalted amount of ammonia in blood in 11 of patients (2 men, 7 women and 2 children). They had severe liver and kidney damage, the most probably caused by Amanita phalloides toxins. The latent time lasted 9 to 13 hours. Of the 11 above mentioned patients, 2 women, aged 74 and 43, and one girl, aged 6, died. No pathological laboratory parameters were established in 40 of subjects with the latent time of 6 and more hours, and the disease manifested through vomiting and diarrhea that lasted for several days. These subjects most probably suffered from mushroom toxins poisoning. Mushroom toxins irritate the mucuous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, and there are many such poisonous mushrooms. There were no mortalities in this group of subjects.     

Mushroom nutriceuticals

There has been a recent upsurge of interest in mushrooms as a source of biological active compounds of medicinal value including anti-cancer, anti-viral, immunopotentiating, hypocholesterolaemic and hepatoprotective agents. This new class of compounds, termed mushroom nutriceuticals, are extractable from either the fungal mycelium or fruiting body and represent an important component of the expanding mushroom biotechnology industry.The authors are with the Department of Biology, and the Centre for International Services to Mushroom Biotechnology. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong     

第八届世界食用菌生物学及产品大会通知（英文）

<正>About the Conference8th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products(ICMBMP8)is being organized to bring together scientists and other professionals with an interest in mushrooms and mushroom products,including those associated with economic,environmental and engineering issues.This will also be an opportunity to     

Mushroom stem cells

Contrary to the rarity of totipotent cells in animals, almost every cell formed by a fungus can function as a "stem cell". The multicellular fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi consist of the same kind of filamentous hyphae that form the feeding phase, or mycelium, of the organism, and visible cellular differentiation is almost nonexistent. Mushroom primordia develop from masses of converging hyphae, and the stipe (or stem), cap, and gills are clearly demarcated within the embryonic fruiting body long before the organ expands and unfolds through water uptake and cell wall loosening. Though frequent references are made to gilled mushrooms in this article, the totipotent nature of fruiting body cells and lack of meristems is also applicable to basidiomycetes that spread their spore-producing tissues inside tubes (e.g., boletes), over spines and rippled surfaces, or form spores in cavities within the fruiting body.Even in the mature mushroom, every hypha retains its totipotency. Among animals, only sponges exhibit a similar degree of developmental flexibility, which is interesting, because these simple metazoans may be relatively close relatives of fungi.     

食用菌调味品造粒工艺研究

应用压力成型法、搅拌法和沸腾法对食用菌调味品进行造粒,并对制成的颗粒的成型率、颗粒外观、粒度分布、吸湿性和流动性等有关指标进行评价和比较。结果表明,造粒后颗粒成型率达到90%以上,临界相对湿度达到53%以上,比粉状原料防潮性能更强。压力成型法所制颗粒的成型率、吸湿性和流动性均为最好,在3种造粒方法中最适于食用菌调味品的造粒生产。     

Garbage Composting for Mushroom Production

Laboratory and pilot-plant composting of garbage mixtures of newspaper and vegetable waste has demonstrated that garbage can be converted to a medium that produces mushrooms (Agaricus campestris) in good yield. Sewage sludge was less satisfactory than newspaper, gumwood sawdust, or vegetable waste as a compost material for growing mushrooms. A sample of commercially produced compost was found to yield mushrooms in the same quantity as was produced in the laboratory experiments.     

即食型香菇蔬菜纸加工工艺研究

试验以香菇水提残渣为原料,针对即食型香菇蔬菜纸加工过程中的原辅料用量及配比、涂膜厚度、烘干温度等因素对加工过程中的成膜性、揭离性及最终产品风味的影响,确定了配料及调味品用量占浆液百分比为:食盐1.5%;玉米淀粉3%;CMC-Na 0.5%;明胶0.5%;膜厚度在0.8～1.3 mm,即初始阶段为80℃高温烘干,结束阶段为60℃的变温烘干的香菇蔬菜纸加工工艺。     

食用菌分子育种研究进展

优良菌种的缺乏是食用菌产业发展的主要限制因素,解决这一问题的最有效途径是培育高产、优质、抗病的食用菌新品种。与作物育种相比,食用菌育种研究起步较晚,但近年来随着基因组学、生物信息学、分子生物学等学科的迅猛发展,食用菌育种技术也进入分子水平。分子育种将现代分子技术手段整合于传统育种方法中,加速了育种进程,目前已经在双孢蘑菇、草菇等食用菌中进行了成功探索。文中对近年来食用菌分子标记辅助育种、转基因育种等育种研究方法和进展进行了综述,探讨了未来食用菌分子育种研究的发展方向。     

白灵菇研究进展

白灵菇以其鲜美的味道、较好的口感和明显的保健作用成为我国近年来迅速发展的人工栽培珍稀食用菌。依据文献资料及研究工作综述了白灵菇的生物学特性、营养成分、药用价值、栽培研究的历史、现状 ,培养技术和遗传等方面的研究进展