CT 与X线诊断肠梗阻的临床价值探讨

目的：探讨腹部X 线与CT 扫描鉴别急性肠梗阻的准确性,为临床诊断提供参考。方法：选取2011年8 月-2013 年8 月我院 收治的66 例急性肠梗阻患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。所有患者均经手术活检或病理诊断证实为急性肠梗阻。术后患者均行腹 部X 线及CT扫描检查,对两种方法判断肠梗阻的发生、梗阻部位、类型及病因与手术病理结果进行比较,评价并分析两种检查 方法的准确率。结果：66 例肠梗阻患者中,X线检出率为89.39%,CT 检出率为95.45%。X 线诊断小肠梗阻准确率为72.10%,CT 为86.05%;X线诊断结肠梗阻准确率为69.57%,CT 为86.96%。X线诊断肿瘤准确率为69.57%,CT 为86.96%;X线诊断肠粘连 准确率为67.86%,CT 为82.14%;X 线诊断肠套叠准确率为60.00%,CT 为80.00%;X线诊断单纯性机械性肠梗阻准确率为78.72%,CT为82.98%;X线诊断绞窄性肠梗准确率为73.68%,CT 为78.95 %。CT 对肠梗阻部位、病因及类型的诊断准确率高于腹部X 线片,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：腹部X 线与CT 用于诊断急性肠梗阻具有较高的准确率,但CT 对于肠梗阻部位、梗阻类型及梗阻病因的诊断优于X线片。     

CT与X线诊断肠梗阻的临床价值探讨

目的：探讨腹部X线与CT扫描鉴别急性肠梗阻的准确性,为临床诊断提供参考。方法：选取2011年8月-2013年8月我院收治的66例急性肠梗阻患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。所有患者均经手术活检或病理诊断证实为急性肠梗阻。术后患者均行腹部X线及CT扫描检查,对两种方法判断肠梗阻的发生、梗阻部位、类型及病因与手术病理结果进行比较,评价并分析两种检查方法的准确率。结果：66例肠梗阻患者中,X线检出率为89．39％,CT检出率为95．45％。X线诊断小肠梗阻准确率为72．10％,CT为86．05％;X线诊断结肠梗阻准确率为69．57％,CT为86．96％。X线诊断肿瘤准确率为69．57％,CT为86．96％;X线诊断肠粘连准确率为67．86％,CT为82．14％;X线诊断肠套叠准确率为60．00％,CT为80．00％;X线诊断单纯性机械性肠梗阻准确率为78．72％,CT为82．98％;X线诊断绞窄性肠梗准确率为73．68％,CT为78．95％。CT对肠梗阻部位、病因及类型的诊断准确率高于腹部X线片,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：腹部X线与CT用于诊断急性肠梗阻具有较高的准确率,但CT对于肠梗阻部位、梗阻类型及梗阻病因的诊断优于X线片。     

初生与成年牦牛心肌的组织学结构比较

为探究牦牛心肌发育过程中组织学结构的变化,采用组织学、组织化学和免疫组织化学方法对初生和成年牦牛心肌的组织学结构、心钠素（ANP）和缝隙连接蛋白43（Cx43）的表达情况进行了观察。结果显示,初生牦牛心肌细胞数量少且细短,闰盘为直线型或V型,心肌细胞间以Ⅲ型胶原纤维为主,Ⅰ型胶原纤维较少;成年牦牛心肌细胞粗长,其数量是初生牦牛的2倍,闰盘呈竹节样吻合或阶梯状,心肌细胞间以Ⅰ型胶原纤维为主。初生和成年牦牛,ANP在心房肌细胞中均表达强烈,且右心房表达量显著高于左心房,心室肌细胞中不表达。ANP在普肯耶纤维中有少量表达。初生牦牛心房肌细胞ANP表达量高于成年牦牛。在心肌细胞膜和胞质内,初生牦牛Cx43表达强于成年牦牛,但在闰盘内,成年牦牛Cx43表达强于初生牦牛。Cx43在初生和成年牦牛的普肯耶纤维中均呈膜阳性。结果提示,初生与成年牦牛相比,成年牦牛的心肌细胞变粗长且数量增多,ANP在心房肌表达减弱,Cx43在闰盘表达更显著,说明成年牦牛较初生牦牛适应循环变化的代偿能力呈进行性减弱;细胞间牢固性增加,有助于实现心肌收缩信号的迅速传导。     

The importance of glucose in the oxidative metabolism of the testis of the conscious ram and the role of the pentose cycle

1. [U-(14)C]Glucose was infused into one or both testicular arteries of ten conscious rams and the specific activity of the glucose taken up by the testis was compared with the specific activity of the carbon dioxide produced by the testis. 2. Equilibration had occurred after infusion for 3hr. when a mean of 68% of the carbon dioxide was being derived by the testis from blood glucose and 86% of the glucose taken up by the testis was being oxidized to carbon dioxide. After 5hr. infusion, these values were 71% and 83% respectively. 3. In four other conscious rams, [1-(14)C]glucose was infused into one testicular artery and [6-(14)C] glucose into the other and the ;specific yields' of carbon dioxide calculated for the two forms of glucose. 4. From these values, it was calculated that a mean of 9.3% of the glucose taken up by the testis was metabolized via the pentose cycle.     

Immobilization,mineralization and the availability of the fertilizer nitrogen during the decomposition of the organic matters applied to the soil

Summary Immobilization and mineralization of the tracer nitrogen (K¹⁵NO₃) applied to the soil together with several organic matters during their decomposition was investigated in incubation experiments.After incubation for three months at 30°C, the decomposition rates of rice straw, hardwood bark, sawdust, softwood bark and peat moss were 41, 15, 7, 5, and 5%, respectively. After incubation for three months at 30°C, 100 and 80% of the fertilizer nitrogen were immobilized in the treatment with 2.0% of rice straw and sawdust carbon, respectively. These resulted in the lowered uptake of the fertilizer nitrogen by plants. In case of peat moss and barks, the amount of fertilizer nitrogen which transformed to the organic nitrogen fractions was quite small and the plant uptake of the nitrogen was hardly affected. Remineralization of the immobilized nitrogen was clearly observed after 2 months' incubation in case where rice straw carbon was added to the extent of 0.5 and 1.0%, but it was not observed in case where other organic matter carbon was added.The data showed that peat moss and barks were highly resistant to the action of microorganisms. As a results the immobilization process of the fertilizer nitrogen incubated with these organic matter was quite slow.     

Effects of the ablation of the nucleus pulposus on the vibrational behavior of the lumbosacral hinge

This study was designed to investigate the respective damping properties of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc during propagation of vibration waves through the osteoligamento-muscular axis of the spine. The study was conducted on a 8-10 kg deeply anesthetized baboon. In the first surgical phase five accelerometers were implanted in the first sacral vertebra and on the anterior side of the four lower lumbar vertebrae. The bioinstrumented animal was placed in a restraining chair and exposed to narrow-bandwidth (0-100 Hz) 0.16 G RMS random vibration. Once data was recorded, the nuclei pulposi of the studied discs were removed by suction, the surrounding annuli remaining intact. The still deeply anesthetized animal was again exposed to the same 0-100 Hz, 0.16 G RMS vibration. Results were analyzed and their reproducibility was tested on three animals.     

动态增强磁共振扫描与超声弹性成像对乳腺癌的诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨动态增强磁共振成像扫描与超声弹性成像对乳腺癌良恶性肿瘤的诊断价值,为临床诊断提供影像学依据。方法:回顾性分析2009年10月至2013年5月在我院经穿刺或手术病理证实为乳腺癌的59例患者的临床资料,患者术前均行超声与动态增强MR检查。依据病理组织活检和临床随访分别评价动态增强MR和UE对乳腺癌诊断的准确性。结果:DCE-MRI检测共发现病灶59个,55个初步诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤(BI-RADS 4-5),4个诊断为良性(BI-RADS 3),诊断准确率为93.22%(55/59)。UE对59个病灶进行评分,54个评分为乳腺恶性肿瘤,5个评分为良性,诊断率为91.53%(54/59)。UE检测乳腺癌的敏感性明显低于DCE-MRI及DCE-MRI+UE,DCE-MRI检测乳腺癌的特异性明显低于UE及DCE-MRI+UE,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。DCE-MRI+UE诊断乳腺癌的准确率为96.61%(57/59),明显高于DCE-MRI或UE单独检测的准确率(P0.05)。结论:动态增强MR诊断乳腺癌的敏感性较高,而超声弹性成像的特异性较好,两者联合可提高诊断准确率,对乳腺癌的早期诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Modulation of the effects of mutations in the basic region of the OmpA signal peptide by the mature portion of the protein

Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis was used to study the structure-function relationship of the positively charged amino terminus of the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein OmpA signal peptide. Mutations were isolated which reduced the overall charge of the amino-terminal region from +2 (wild type) to +1, 0, and -1, as well as one mutation from Thr to Ser at position 4. DNA encoding the wild type and mutant OmpA signal peptides was then fused in-frame to DNA encoding the mature regions of Staphylococcus aureus nuclease A and TEM beta-lactamase. In the case of both the beta-lactamase and nuclease fusions, normal processing was no longer observed when the charge at the amino terminus was reduced to zero or made negative. Differences between the two hybrid proteins were observed in the case of the Thr to Ser mutation. As expected, this mutation had no effect on the beta-lactamase hybrid; however, the processing rate of the nuclease hybrid protein was reduced to nearly one-half. Furthermore, this effect was essentially reversed when a Lys residue at position 3 was deleted. A model is presented which explains the differing effects of a signal peptide mutation on the secretion of different hybrid proteins based on kinetic differences in the translocation of the nuclease and beta-lactamase proteins.     

Radius of the curvature of the femur in the sagittal plane

The degree of anterior curvature was measured on 30 cadaveric human femora, of unknown age and sex, by a spherometer. The mean anterior curvature radius was (1381.28 +/- 118.63) mm with a considerable interspecimen variation, the maximal value was 3262.66 mm and the minimal 695.54 mm.     

Regulation of the expression of the serine dehydratase gene in the kidney and liver of the rat

Serine dehydratase was induced in the kidneys of normal rats by the administration of either glucagon or dexamethasone. The increase in enzyme activity was associated with an increase in both enzyme protein and its mRNA, which were determined respectively by Western blot and RNA blot analysis. No apparent differences were observed between kidney and liver in the molecular weights of serine dehydratase proteins and the sizes of their mRNAs. Although kidney serine dehydratase was dramatically induced by either glucagon or dexamethasone, the liver enzyme was induced by glucagon but not by dexamethasone alone in the intact rat. On the other hand, liver serine dehydratase was induced in starvation, diabetes mellitus, and a high-protein diet. The kidney enzyme could not be induced under any of these conditions.     

Immobilization of the exo-maltohexaohydrolase by the irradiation method

Exomaltohexaohydrolase (E.C.3.2.1.98) was immobilized by radiocopolymerization of some synthetic monomers which were mixed in various combinations. Irradiation was carried out while the mixture of monomers and enzymes was frozen in petroleum ether-dry-ice bath. Recovery of the immobilized enzyme was 44-75%.The optimum pH of the enzyme slightly shifted to the acidic side. The pH stability was improved remarkably by immobilization. The enzyme was stable retaining more than 90% of its original activity in the range pH 4-11. The optimum reaction temperature of the enzyme increased about 2 degrees C. Heat stability was also improved by immobilization, and that the enzyme retained about 40% of its original activity after treatment at 75 degrees C for 15 min. The immobilized enzyme was stable to the repeated use of 20 cycles. The K(m) value of the enzyme for short-chain amylose was almost the same as that of native enzyme. When soluble starch was used as the substrate, the K(m), value of the enzyme was three times as large as that of native enzyme. Effects of various metal ions and inhibitors on the immobilized enzyme were also studied compared to the native enzyme.     

青海湖鸟岛地区草地植物群落特征的研究

青海湖鸟岛地区草地群落共出现种子植物 6 3种 ,隶属 4 3属 ,19科 ,以北温带成分为主 ;从湖滨到典型地带性植被 ,物种多样性指数变化可以分为两大类型 ;随着高度增加 ,物种多样性呈现倒U型变化 ,沿着水平梯度物种多样性基本上逐渐增加。可以分为禾草、豆科固氮植物、非禾本科草类和半灌木功能组 ,物种水平与功能组水平的多样性、均匀度和丰富度相关系数分别为 0 2 79,0 4 36 ,0 0 19,均没有达到显著相关 ,功能组水平的多样性指数具有与物种水平不同的性质     

Size of the fibrillar centres of the nucleoli in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat taking the Swiss cheese effect into account

The size of the fibrillar centres (FC) in nucleoli was investigated taking the Swiss cheese effect into account. Electron microscopy was performed on the neurons of the rat supraoptic nucleus after the secretion of vasopressin had been fully suppressed by water load, after the secretion had been stimulated by water deprival and in normal rats with water ad libitum. When the secretory activity was suppressed from a normal level to approximately no activity, the size of the individual FC was doubled. Moreover, with increasing secretory activity the number of FC per cell increased.     

Influence of the amount of antigen and the interval on the secondary reaction

The course of the revaccination reaction in mice immunized with different doses of sheep red blood cells was determined at different intervals after the primary stimulus. The maximum level of haemagglutinating antibodies in the secondary reaction was found after a high primary and secondary antigenic stimulus. On the contrary, if the level of haemolytic antibodies was determined, the higher was the primary antigenic stimulus, the lower was the secondary antibody response. Differences between haemagglutinins and haemolytic antibodies were also manifested in the earlier onset of the maximum haemolytic secondary reaction (five months after the first dose of antigen); the maximum haemagglutination response was not attained until eight months after the primary dose of antigen. The results comfirm that the basis of preparation for the secondary reaction is proliferation of immunologically activated Y cells; differences in the haemolytic and haemagglutination response are related to differences in the character of the antigenic determinants of sheep red cells.     

Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin: the nucleotide sequence of the gene and the mechanism of activation of the protoxin

The gene encoding cytotoxin (ctx) was cloned from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 158 and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The structural gene of ctx encodes the procytotoxin of 286 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 31,681 Daltons. Procytotoxin was activated by removal of 20 amino acid residues from the C terminus with trypsin. The cloned ctx gene was not expressed in either an Escherichia coli strain or a cytotoxin non-producing strain of P. aeruginosa. An expression system for the ctx gene was constructed by placing the structural gene of ctx downstream of tac promoter on a broad host-range vector plasmid.     

杨梅苷脂质体的制备研究

目的：制备杨梅苷脂质体。方法：采用逆相蒸发法制备杨梅苷脂质体。用冷冻离心法分离脂质体和游离药物,用高效液相色谱法测定药物含量并计算包封率。采用激光粒度仪测定平均粒径。结果：杨梅苷脂质体制备的最佳处方和工艺为：卵磷脂：杨梅6：1,卵磷脂：胆固醇2：1,有机相：水相4：1,磷酸盐缓冲溶液的pH值为6.86,浓度为0.005 mol.L-1;超声时间为5分钟。结论：最佳条件下制备的杨梅苷脂质体包封率较高,粒径分布好,质量稳定。     

On the Mechanism Reducing the Phosphate Concentration in the Water of Lake Balaton

The aim of the investigations was to identify the main process controlling the rather low phosphate concentration in the water of Lake Balaton. Three processes were taken into consideration: a) phosphate uptake by algae, b) coprecipitation with biogenic lime, and c) adsorption on suspended sediment particles. A plexiglass box open at the bottom was placed in the shallow water with its sides extending into the sediment. The water in the box was stirred. When phosphate alone was added to the water in the box, its concentration decreased very rapidly. On the other hand, if NaOCl was also added in order to kill algae and bacteria, the phosphate concentration remained constant. This proves the priority of life processes in phosphate removal. In the next experiment phosphate and EDTA-Na₂ were added simultaneously to the water in the box. The complexing agent prevented biogenic lime formation but did not influence the rapid phosphorus removal. This fact indicates that the main process involved in phosphate control is direct uptake by algae. The same conclusion was obtained in laboratory experiments where labelled phosphate was added to the bottles containing Lake Balaton water. It was demonstrated by the photo-oxidation technique that the phosphate removed from the water was incorporated into the organic particulate matter.     

On the existence of parasympathetic motor nerves to the submaxillary gland of the dog

Duct pressure and salivary flow were recorded in submaxillary glands of anaesthetized dogs, to study whether parasympathetic stimulation caused effects referable to activity in myoepithelial cells. At fairly low frequency of stimulation, e.g. 3 Hz, the pressure curve had two distinct components, with initial steep and a secondary gradual rise. It resembled that obtained on sympathetic stimulation, where the first phase is ascribed to myoepithelial contraction, the second phase to secretion. When parasympathetic stimulation ceased, there was first a steep fall, then a more gradual decline of the pressure. The steep fall was of the same magnitude as the steep rise; both increased with the frequency of stimulation. The size of the initial fall was fairly independent of the pressure level from which it started. Such a steep fall did not occur subsequent to parasympathetic stimulation if the myoepithelial cells were already in a state of strong contraction caused by sympathetic impulses or bradykinin. The phase of steep fall was inferred to be due mainly to relaxation of contracted myoepithelial cells, the following decline to back-flow of fluid into the gland. The salivary flow rate was highest at the beginning of a period of parasympathetic stimulation, particularly if the duct system was well filled and the saliva thin. It was concluded that myoepithelial contraction had initially expelled saliva. A brief period of parasympathetic stimulation while a slow basal secretion at constant rate was going on was found to accelerate this flow, and afterwards there was a transient deceleration of the flow. Acceleration was attributed partly to myoepithelial contraction, mainly to superimposed secretion; retardation to myoepithelial relaxation. The effect appeared independently of the way in which the basal flow was evoked, and the retardation resembled that seen after sympathetic stimulation or bradykinin.     

The mechanism of the non-oxidative segment of the pentose cycle in the liver

[1-¹⁴C] Xylitol was used as substrate for isolated liver parenchymal cells from fasted rats or hamsters, and the glucose formed was isolated and degraded. Over 90% of the total radioactivity was in carbons 1 and 3, and the ratio of specific activity of C-1 to that of C-3 was only slightly under two, the expected ratio for the classical mechanism of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway.     

Changes in the tissue expression of the C-erbB-2 oncogen in the oral lichen ruber

The aim of this study was to determine the expression intensity of c-erbB-2 antigen in oral lichen planus and erosive form of oral lichen in 30 patients, and to compare the obtained results with the inflammation intensity i.e. hyperkeratosis. The examination of expression intensity of c-erbB-2 antigen was conducted through immunohistochemical analysis by APAAP method. Obtained reaction of examined tissue antigen was positive in individual or in group cells of spinous epithelium layer and mosaically expressed. The reaction was negative in basal cell epithelium layer. Strong intensity reaction was observed in intercellular bridges of spinous cells layer. In control group, the reaction was of uniform strong intensity in all epithelium layers. The reaction was not dependent on the inflammation intensity in lesions but it was positively correlated with their degree of hyperkeratosis. Changed expression of c-erbB-2 antigen in OLR lesions reveals the possibility of potential malignant transformation of these lesions.