人参多糖对环磷酰胺的增效减毒作用

目的探讨人参多糖（ginseng polysaccharide,GPS）对化疗药物环磷酰胺（cyclophosphamide,CTX）抗肿瘤的增效减毒作用。方法建立小鼠肝癌H22实体瘤模型,随机分组,设模型对照组（生理盐水）、环磷酰胺组（30 mg/kg）、人参多糖给药组（7.5、15、30 mg/kg剂量组）和联合给药组（GPS 7.5、15、30 mg/kg,CTX 30 mg/kg）;人参多糖尾静脉注射,CTX腹腔给药,连续给药10 d;测定抑瘤率、血液学指标、脾脏系数和胸腺系数,评价人参多糖对环磷酰胺的增效减毒作用。结果 GPS、GPS＋CTX各组肿瘤生长明显低于模型对照组（P〈0.01）,GPS中、高剂量＋CTX联合给药组肿瘤生长明显低于CTX组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。GPS高剂量＋CTX组与CTX组相比,体重、脾脏指数和胸腺指数明显升高（P〈0.05）。结论人参多糖对化疗药物环磷酰胺抗小鼠肝癌H22肿瘤具有增效减毒作用。     

仿刺参多糖抗肿瘤及对荷瘤小鼠免疫调节作用

目的 观察仿刺参多糖(AJPS)抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用.方法 采用MTT法检测AJPS对人肝癌HepG-2细胞抑制率;以Hca-F肝癌小鼠为模型,采用MTT法、放免法测定荷瘤小鼠细胞免疫指标.结果 AJPS抑制HepG-2细胞生长,抑制小鼠移植瘤生长;增强脾淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞活性,促进TNF-α和IL-2的产生.结论 AJPS具有对HepG-2细胞的直接杀伤作用;AJPS对荷瘤小鼠有免疫调节活性,在肿瘤的免疫治疗中发挥作用.     

马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文探讨马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。马齿苋采用水提醇沉法得到马齿苋多糖,分别以50、100、200mg／kg通过腹腔给药10d,观察马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用及对小鼠淋巴细胞转化功能、腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力、白介素-l（IL-1）和白介素-2（IL-2）生成量的影响。结果显示,马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠有明显的抑瘤作用,抑瘤率分别为16．92％、51．45％和64．96％。不同剂量马齿苋多糖与对照组相比可明显促进淋巴细胞的转化、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力,可有效的增加荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力以及白介素-1（IL-1）和白介素-2（IL-2）的分泌。说明马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠具有显著的抗肿瘤作用,其作用机制与增强小鼠免疫作用有关。     

超强静磁场联合环磷酰胺对S180荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤和相关生理指标的影响

实验探讨了超强静磁场(ultra strong static magnetic field,USMF)联合环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CTX)连续处理,对S180荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤、抗氧化、免疫及骨髓抑制等方面的影响。对S180肉瘤小鼠分组处理后,剥取肉瘤组织称重并进行病理检验。检测过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活力、总抗氧化能力,以及肝脏和肾脏中丙二醛的含量、脾脏和胸腺指数、脾脏淋巴细胞转化率、外周血中的白细胞数目和骨髓细胞的DNA含量。腹水瘤小鼠同样处理后正常饲养,记录生存时间。结果发现,USMF+CTX组的抑瘤率(72.5%)比CTX组(51.5%)提高了40.8%,生命延长率提高了1.5倍,抗氧化和免疫能力也有一定程度的增强。表明USMF结合CTX,可以协同性抑制S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长,并减轻CTX对小鼠的副作用。     

仙茅多糖对氟尿嘧啶增效减毒作用

本文探讨了仙茅多糖(COP)对氟尿嘧啶的增效减毒作用。实验中建立小鼠S180实体瘤模型,连续给药10 d,测定小鼠瘤重,体质量、白细胞、红细胞、胸腺指数、脾脏指数以及小鼠脾脏中的超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量。同时建立小鼠S180腹水瘤模型,连续给药30 d,记录小鼠存活天数,计算生命延长率。结果显示,仙茅多糖能改善氟尿嘧啶引起的小鼠白细胞减少、胸腺萎缩、脾脏肿大(P0.05或P0.01);但联用高剂量组使小鼠脾脏中SOD活力(P0.01)降低,联用低、中剂量组使MDA含量增加(P0.05)。COP和5-FU均延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期,(5-FU+COP)联合用药组生命延长率比5-FU单独用药组明显增高,且与联用的COP剂量呈量效关系。从而表明仙茅多糖对氟尿嘧啶具有一定的增效减毒作用,机制可能与其能调节机体免疫力有关,而与过氧化反应无关。     

大豆皂甙及其抗肿瘤作用

近年来,大豆皂甙越来越引起国内尝得们的注意。本介绍了上有关大豆皂甙研究的一些情况,包括大豆皂甙的来源、分布、结构等,并从免疫调节和抗突变两个方面,对大豆皂甙的抗肿瘤作用进行了探讨,提示人们大豆皂甙极具开发潜力,很有可能开发出新的抗癌药物。     

真菌多糖抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用研究进展

真菌多糖被认为是目前最有开发前途的保健食品和药品的新资源之一,对真菌多糖的生物活性研究也是保健食品功能因子中最为炽热的研究热点。本文综述了近年来国内外真菌多糖抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用的研究进展。     

玉木耳提取物对H_(22)荷瘤小鼠体内抗肿瘤作用研究

通过研究肿瘤抑制率、脾脏指数和胸腺指数、肿瘤切片细胞的形态以及血清中影响因子白细胞介素‐2、肿瘤坏死因子‐α、干扰素‐γ、丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶等指标的变化来考察玉木耳Auricularia cornea提取物体内抗肿瘤作用及其作用机理。结果表明,乙酸乙酯高、低剂量组的抑瘤效果较好分别为39.9%和37.5%;HE染色切片观察各组均出现肿瘤坏死区,高剂量出血坏死面积较低剂量大;与模型组比较,乙酸乙酯组白细胞介素‐2、肿瘤坏死因子‐α、干扰素‐γ含量升高,具有较好的免疫作用。玉木耳提取物具有明显的抗肿瘤作用,其中乙酸乙酯高、低剂量组的抗肿瘤作用最显著,与其增强免疫作用有一定关系。     

双歧异黄酮奶粉对化疗荷瘤小鼠减毒增效作用的研究

目的：研究双歧异黄酮奶粉对化疗后荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：以S180荷瘤C57BL／6小鼠为模型,系统地研究双歧异黄酮奶粉对瘤重和细胞功能的影响。结果：双歧异黄酮奶粉对荷瘤鼠化疗所引起的免疫功能低下具有明显的恢复作用,可显著提高化疗荷瘤鼠T细胞转化能力,明显促进化疗荷瘤鼠白介素—2(IL—2)分泌水平。结论;双歧异黄酮奶粉能够拮抗肿瘤抗原和化疗所引起的免疫抑制。     

海胆黄多糖SEP对S180的体内抑制作用

研究海胆黄多糖SEP对S180肉瘤的抑制作用及初步机制。MTT法检测SEP对体外培养的S180细胞生长的抑制作用;建立小鼠S180肉瘤模型观察SEP抗肿瘤活性;检测SEP协同ConA/LPS刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖作用;同时,考察SEP对NK细胞和杀伤性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lym-phocyte,CTL)活性的影响;碳粒廓清检测SEP对小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响。研究表明,海胆黄多糖SEP高中低剂量(16、8、4 mg/kg)显著抑制小鼠180实体瘤生长,增加小鼠脾指数和胸腺指数,协同ConA/LPS刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,提高小鼠NK细胞和CTL活性,增强小鼠单核巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,通过免疫调节提高小鼠免疫功能达到抑制S180作用。     

Delayed lethal response to Aspergillus fumigatus infection in sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing mice

A longer survival and a decrease in the number of fungal cells in kidneys and brain were observed in groups of mice inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia 2-3 weeks (especially 3 weeks) after sarcoma 180 tumor transplantation compared to groups of non-tumor-bearing (control) mice inoculated with fungal cells only. The 3-4-week tumor-bearing mice had significantly decreased levels of serum iron and increased levels of unbound iron binding capacity in the serum compared to those of the non-tumor-bearing mice.     

Analysis of effector cells in tumor-bearing mice pre-treated with active specific immunization followed by cyclophosphamide

In order to analyse the effector population in an immunization model, we treated BALB/c mice with intraperitoneal (i.p.) active specific immunization (ASI), which consists of interleukin (IL)-1- and sonicated tumor supernatant (SS) of a plasmacytoma MOPC-104E followed by i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide (CY). This ASI-CY treatment provoked a protective immunity against i.p. tumor inoculation more strongly than that of ASI alone. The main effector cells in tumor neutralizing assay were CD4+ T cells at this pont. The number of spleen cells of the ASI-CY treated mice were significantly lower than that of ASI alone treated mice but it increased significantly 6 days thereafter while this increase was not observed on the mice treated with ASI alone. The spleen cells of the ASI-CY treated mice responded to SS in vitro in the presence of IL-2, more profoundly in CD4 enriched population which produced high amount of TNF-. In vivo tumor-neutralizing activity at a later stage was dependent on CD8+ T cells in addition to CD4+ T cells. These results suggest that antitumor activity by ASI and CY is transduced by sequential population shift from CD4 alone to both of CD4 and CD8.     

灵芝发酵液多糖提取物对荷瘤小鼠细胞免疫的动态观察

目的:观察灵芝发酵液多糖提取物对S180荷瘤小鼠部分免疫指标的动态调节作用,探讨其抗肿瘤机制.方法:S180瘤细胞荷瘤昆明小鼠80只建立动物模型,生理盐水组(NS组)与灵芝发酵液多糖组(GFG组)各40只,分别于荷瘤后第4,7,10,13,16天每组各处死8只小鼠,检测GFG对NK细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率的影响.结果:GFG能显著提高荷瘤小鼠NK细胞活性和淋巴细胞转化率.随荷瘤时间延长,GFG组较NS组能维持较高水平(P＜0.01),但总体呈下降趋势.结论:灵芝发酵液多糖提取物能显著提高NK细胞活性和淋巴细胞转化率,并维持一定水平.     

T-suppressors from tumor-bearing mice inhibit antitumor cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in monoculture]

The generation of specific antitumor cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) via 2-fold immunization in vivo and subsequent cultivation without tumor cells (in monoculture) was previously described. The spleen cells from B10 mice bearing progressively growing MX-11 sarcoma suppressed the maturation of CTL specific to MX-11 but not to EL-4 lymphoma in monoculture. It was observed, that the suppression was not the result of the inhibitory effect of suppressor cells upon the IL-2 production, because suppression took place in the presence of the exogenous IL-2 in monoculture. Since the treatment of the spleen cells with MoAb against both L3T4 and Lyt2.2 antigens plus C' considerably decreased the suppressive activity, it was suggested, that two distinct subsets of T-lymphocytes were required for suppression. It might be possible, that the presence of anti-idiotype on the effector suppressors was the cause of the suppressive specificity in the absence of tumor antigens in vitro.     

Enhancement of antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide by thaliblastine in Lewis lung carcinoma and L1210 leukemia in mice

Cyclophosphamide (CY) was tested in combination with the thalictrum alkaloid named thaliblastine (TBL) for therapeutic activity against early Lewis lung carcinoma and early L1210 leukemia in mice. TBL alone had no activity whereas therapy with CY and TBL was significantly better than with CY alone. The therapeutic potentiation resulting from the combination of CY and TBL is apparently due to the different mechanisms of action and the pharmacological behavior of the two agents.     

The influence of cyclophosphamide on antitumor immunity in mice bearing late-stage tumors

Spleen cells from mice bearing late-stage methylcholanthrene-induced tumor did not show any tumor activity when mixed with tumor cells in Winn's assay. Treatment of these mice with cyclophosphamide (CY) induced a tumor-inhibitory activity in spleen, occurring on day 7 after treatment, reaching its maximum on day 11 and disappearing by day 21. This antitumor activity could not be induced in control, tumor-free or T-deficient tumor-bearing mice. CY-induced tumor-inhibitory activity was immunologically specific, and mediated by Thy-1⁺, L3T4^–, Ly-2⁺ cells. Contrary to spleen cells from untreated tumor-bearing mice, spleen cells from CY-treated tumor-bearing mice did not suppress the antitumor activity of immune spleen cells in Winn's assay. However, in contrast to immune spleen cells, CY-induced tumor-inhibitory cells did not manifest antitumor activity when transferred systemically (i. v.) into T-cell-deficient tumor-bearing mice. Even more, spleen cells from CY-pretreated mice, harvested 7–15 days after the drug administration, partially suppressed the antitumor activity of concomitantly transferred spleen cells from specifically immune mice. Nevertheless, CY-pretreated mice manifested concomitant immunity, i.e. these mice exhibited higher resistance to a second inoculum of the same tumor than did nontreated mice or even mice with excised primary tumor.     

Synergistic antitumor activity of reversine combined with aspirin in cervical carcinoma in vitro and in vivo

A recent report showed that reversine treatment could induce murine myoblasts dedifferentiation into multipotent progenitor cells and inhibit proliferation of some tumors, and other reports showed that apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells could be induced by aspirin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the synergistic antitumor effects of reversine and aspirin on cervical cancer. The inhibition rate of reversine and aspirin on cervical cancer cell lines’ (HeLa and U14) was determined by MTT method, cell cycle of HeLa and U14 cells was analyzed by FACS, mitochondrial membrane potential of HeLa and U14 was detected using a JC-1 kit. HeLa and U14 colony formation was analyzed by soft agar colony formation assay. The expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2/Bax, cyclin D1 and p21 was detected by qRT-PCR and Western Blotting. Moreover, tumor weight and tumor volume was assessed using a murine model of cervical cancer with U14 cells subcutaneously (s.c.) administered into the neck, separately or combined with drug administration via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. The inhibition rate of cells in the combination group (10 μmol/L reversine, 10 mmol/L aspirin) increased significantly in comparison to that when the drugs were used alone (P < 0.05); moreover, this combination could synergistically inhibit the proliferation of five cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa, U14, Siha, Caski and C33A). In the therapeutic mouse model, tumor weight and tumor volume of cervical cancer bearing mice was more reduced when compared with the control agents (P < 0.05) in tumor-bearing mice. The combination of reversine and aspirin exerts synergistic growth inhibition and apoptosis induction on cervical cancers cells.