男性不育患者解脲支原体感染状况及其对精液参数的影响

目的:观察男性不育患者解脲支原体UU感染状况及其对精液参数的影响,分析治疗前后精液参数的变化.方法:用培养法检测4300例男性不育患者精液UU感染情况并行精液常规检测,与正常对照组进行比较.对UU感染患者根据药敏结果进行治疗,并观察治疗前后精液参数的变化.结果:男性不育患者UU的感染率为39.3％,对照组为12.8％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).男性不育UU阳性患者精子浓度、前向运动PR、正常形态率与同组阴性者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),与对照组阴性者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),与对照组阳性者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经治疗后患者精子浓度、前向运动、正常形态率有明显改善.结论:解脲支原体感染是引起男性不育的主要原因,对精子浓度、前向运动、正常形态率有一定的影响,经过合理治疗后精液质量可以改善.     

不育男性精浆锌与其它精液参数的回归分析

对２２３例男性不育患者的精浆锌进行了测定,并用回归分析的方法研究了精浆锌与其它精液参数的关系．结果显示：精浆锌与精液ｐＨ、精子存活率之间存在显著的线性回归（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而精浆锌与精子密度、前向运动精子百分率、精子畸型率具有显著的曲线回归（Ｐ＜０．０１）．     

385例男性不育患者精液病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解男性不育患者精液中病原菌分布及耐药情况,为临床治疗提供可靠依据。方法对385例深圳市观澜人民医院男科门诊就诊的不育患者进行精液细菌学检查,分析其病原菌分布及耐药情况。结果不育男性精液中细菌感染率为44.2%,其中革兰阳性菌占86.5%,以表皮葡萄球葡菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌为主,革兰阴性菌占13.5%,以肠杆菌科细菌为主;葡萄球菌属细菌对青霉素G及红霉素耐药率较高,分别为93.6%和56.0%,革兰阴性菌对哌拉西林耐药率较高,为72.0%。结论男性不育患者精液的细菌感染率、耐药率较高,且细菌种类在不断发生变化,这是导致男性不育的一个重要原因。     

精液细菌L型感染与男性不育的关系

作者对２２例溶脲脲原体培养阴性的精液进行细菌及Ｌ型培养,其中６例分离出金黄色葡萄球菌及其Ｌ型,占２７．２７％。精液常规分析显示,分离出金葡萄菌及其Ｌ型的精液,白细胞计数５例超过正常达１０～１５个／高倍视野;２例精子的活动率与活动力分别是５０％以下和Ⅱ级（低于正常）。金葡菌及Ｌ型分离阳性的精子电镜扫描,可见有些精子的头尾部有巨形体、园球体或短杆状菌体吸附,并经免疫酶ＰＡＰ染色证实为金葡菌Ｌ型。实验结果表明：细菌Ｌ型感染吸附可能是部分男性不育的原因。     

精索静脉曲张结扎术改善精液质量效应的Meta 分析

目的:对于精索静脉曲张结扎术在改善精液质量中的效应进行Meta分析,明确不同手术方式是否具有改善精液质量的作用及其程度,对精索静脉曲张导致男性不育手术治疗的决策提供参考依据。方法:计算机检索MEDLINE(1985~2011.10)、EMbase(1990~2011.10),中国生物医学文献光盘数据(1979~2011.10),中国生物医学期刊文献数据库(CMCC,1979~2011.10)、CNKI数字图书馆(1990~2011.10),手工检索《中国男科学》等四种相关杂志,纳入研究精索静脉曲张结扎术对改善精液质量效应的临床随机对照实验,两名分析人员独立进行文献筛查,质量评价和数据提取,并相互核对,有分歧时通过向专家咨询并改进检索策略后解决。RevMan 4.3.1软件用于Meta分析。结果:初步检出256篇文献,经过筛选纳入8篇随机对照实验,患者1472例。通过Meta分析显示,腹腔镜下结扎术,腹膜后小切口结扎术,经腹股沟管结扎术和腹股沟下显微结扎术均可改善精液参数。腹腔镜下结扎术可使精子活率提高11.70%,95%可信区间(95%CI)[7.32,16.08],P<0.00001,精子密度提高20.68×106/mL,95%CI为[15.01,26.43],P<0.00001,降低精子畸形率15.69%,95%CI为[-18.16,-13.22],P<0.00001。腹膜后小切口结扎术使精子活率提高13.35%,95%CI[5.28,21.43],P<0.00001,密度提高11.20×106/mL,95%CI为[1.65,20.75],P<0.00001,降低畸形率16.44%,95%CI为[-19.29,-13.60],P<0.00001。经腹股沟管结扎术使活率提高10.76%,95%CI[8.79,12.72],P<0.00001,精子密度提高11.24×106/mL,95%CI为[3.25,19.22],P<0.00001,降低畸形率15.01%,95%CI为[-15.75,-14.27],P<0.00001,提高精子正常形态率1.99%,95%CI为[1.07,2.91],P<0.00001。腹股沟下显微结扎术使精子活率提高12.99%,95%CI为[9.81,16.18],P<0.00001,密度提高17.20×106/mL,95%CI为[7.68,26.71],P<0.00001,降低畸形率6.73%,95%CI为[-12.77,-0.68],P<0.00001。结论:患有精索静脉曲张的男性不育症患者经过手术治疗可以有效改善精液分析参数,对于提高精子活率,密度及降低畸形率具有一定疗效。     

大熊猫精液品质的研究Ⅰ.精液质量的动态观察

本文用11只大熊猫作了41次人工采精。其精液质量表明,在6—20岁的雄兽发情季节里,只要采精技术得当,均能采到可用作人工授精的精液。鲜精在0—4℃保存61小时,或冷冻精液超低温(-196℃)保存1—6年,解冻后在37℃培养90分钟,其精子活力仍在30％以上,用作人工授精,仍能达到受孕、产仔效果。 将大熊猫与几种猫科及食草动物的精液质量进行比较,大熊猫的精子畸形率(6—59％,平均29.74％)比其他动物高,这是大熊猫自然交配或人工授精后受孕率仍然很低的重要原因之一。对大熊猫进行科学饲养管理,可以提高大熊猫的性欲和自然交配能力。     

SPANX蛋白的研究进展及其与男性生育力的相关性

男性不育症病因十分复杂,遗传、环境、内分泌等许多因素都会导致男性不育。而现今临床上多依据精液常规分析对男性不育做出诊断和治疗,但仅依赖精液常规参数存在一定局限性。探寻男性生育力的潜在生物标志分子是当前男性不育的迫切需求。精子X染色体核结合精子蛋白(The sperm protein associated with the nucleus on the X chromosome,SPANX)是在精子中表达的一类小分子蛋白,SPANX蛋白家族基因定位在X染色体上,它随精子的成熟而迁徙,参与精子结构的形成,在精子成熟的不同时期,蛋白定位和蛋白表达均存在差异。在精液参数正常的不育男性和自发弱精症的男性中,SPANX表达下调;同时在活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen species,ROS)阴性的精子中,SPANXC表达降低,在DNA碎片率低的精子中,SPANX表达增高;这些表明SPANX与男性生育力存在一定的相关性,但其与生育力的影响极其相关机制还需要进一步的研究。     

91份精液检测结果

目的对91份精液标本进行常规检测．并对两种方法检测白细胞结果作对比分析。方法直接涂片镜检和经特殊处理后瑞-姬氏染色镜检精液中细胞和精子形态分析。精子体外活体染色测精子的活率。结果直接涂片镜下均查到自细胞,占100％,经染色后确定为自细胞者25例,占27．5％,其中非自细胞60份,占66％,有5例检出阴道毛滴虫。检出率5．5％。假死精子检出率25．3％。结论直接涂片镜检精液具备了感染性特征,尚不能确诊,对精液有形成分。精囊感染的确诊,必须染色,仔细检测。     

不同禁欲时间对少精、弱精精液质量的影响

目的:了解不同禁欲时间对少精、弱精精液质量的影响,为临床治疗不育提供参考。方法:对正常精液、少精症、弱精症患者分别根据禁欲天数随机分成两组,禁欲2-4天为A组,禁欲5-7天为B组,对上述各组进行精液分析。结果:在正常组、少精组及弱精组中,A组的精液量、精子密度及精子总量低于B组,A组a b级精子百分率高于B组,差异有统计学意义。在少精组及弱精组中A组精子正常形态率高于B组,差异有统计学意义。结论:正常精液及弱精症患者禁欲2-4天的精液质量最好,少精症患者禁欲5-7天的精液质量最好。     

不孕症患者病因调查分析

为探讨及分析不孕不育病因情况,收集3777对门诊初诊患者的年龄、月经史、孕产史及与不孕不育相关的检查结果等资料进行统计分析,结果表明,导致女性不孕的主要病因为输卵管及盆腔疾病,其次为排卵异常,包括多囊卵巢综合征,卵巢早衰等．导致男性不育的主要因素是精液的数量及质量异常,无精子症患者在男性不育患者中占主要比重,其次为少弱畸精子症及严重少弱畸精子症．在无精子症患者中,生精功能障碍为其主要致病因素．先天性输精管缺如也是导致无精子症的重要影响因素．精液异常患者中遗传缺陷是男性不育重要的致病因素之一．     

Bacteriology of preserved stallion semen and antibiotics in semen extenders

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different antibiotics in a milk-glucose semen extender on motility of equine sperm and elimination of bacteria following storage of extended semen in vitro. In Experiment 1, 7 antibiotics were compared: amikacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, potassium penicillin, sodium penicillin, ticarcillin, and polymixin B. In Experiment 2, 3 antibiotic treatments were compared: potassium penicillin G, amikacin, or a combination of potassium penicillin G and amikacin. In Experiment 3, 3 antibiotic treatments were compared: potassium penicillin G-amikacin, ceptiofur, and a combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (Timentin). Control treatments (antibiotic-free extender) were included in each experiment. Six motility variables were evaluated: percentage of motile sperm; percentage of progressively-motile sperm; percentage of rapidly-motile sperm; mean curvilinear velocity; mean average path velocity; and mean straight-line velocity. In Experiment 1, mean percentages of motile, progressively motile and rapidly motile sperm were lower (P < 0.05) in semen exposed to polymixin B then in other treatments. Mean average-path velocity of sperm in extender containing polymixin B was lower (P < 0.05) than that of all other treatments, with exception of control or ticarcillin. Mean straight-line velocity of sperm in extender containing polymixin B was lower (P < 0.05) than that of all other treatments, with exception of control, streptomycin or ticarcillin. Semen samples containing gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin, or potassium penicillin were more effective (P < 0.05) at eliminating bacterial growth than those samples containing polymixin B. Semen samples containing gentamicin were also more effective (P < 0.05) at eliminating bacterial growth than those samples containing ticarcillin or sodium penicillin. In Experiment 2, mean percentage of rapidly-motile sperm, and mean curvilinear, average-path, and straight-line velocities were greater (P < 0.05) for potassium penicillin-amikacin than values for all other treatments. In 2 of 3 stallions, an effect of treatment on percentage of motile sperm was detected (P < 0.05). For one stallion, mean motility of potassium penicillin-amikacin was greater (P < 0.05) than that of all other treatment groups. For another stallion, mean motility of the control was lower (P < 0.05) than that of the other treatments. Following storage, potassium penicillin (16/18 [89%]) or potassium penicillin-amikacin (17/19 [94%]) were more effective (P < 0.05) at controlling aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates in semen specimens than was amikacin (10/18 [56%]). In Experiment 3, a difference among treatment groups for motility variables was not detected (P < 0.05). No bacterial growth was recovered in antibiotic-treated semen, with exception of Micrococcus sp. (2 colonies) which were isolated from one semen specimen treated with ceptiofur.     

Identifying useable semen

The "predictors of useable semen" used in most commercial AI centers provide a very conservative estimate of the relative fertility of individual boars. Furthermore, the relatively high sperm numbers used in commercial AI practice (usually >3 x10(9) total sperm per dose of extended semen) usually compensate for reduced fertility, as can be demonstrated in some boars when lower numbers of sperm are used for AI. Differences in relative boar fertility are also masked by the widespread use of pooled semen for commercial AI in many countries. However, the need to continually improve the efficiency of pork production, suggests that commercial AI practice should involve increased use of boars with the highest genetic merit for important production traits. Necessarily, this must be linked to the use of fewer sperm per AI dose, fewer inseminations per sow bred, and hence more sows bred by these superior sires. In turn, this requires improved techniques for evaluating semen characteristics directly related to the fertilization process, such as IVM-IVF assays, analysis of seminal plasma protein markers, more discriminatory tests of sperm motility and morphology, with the goal of identifying high-index boars whose fertility is sustained when low numbers of sperm are used for AI. This paper reviews the current status of laboratory-based boar semen evaluation techniques that meet these criteria.     

Computer-assisted semen analysis and its utility for profiling boar semen samples

Achieving and maintaining a successful swine AI program depends on a number of factors, including accurate semen evaluation, typically sperm motility, morphology and concentration. Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis or CASA (i.e., image analysis with a phase-contrast microscope and computer measurements of motion parameters) objectively evaluates sperm motion characteristics, morphology and concentration. A total of 3077 semen collections were evaluated with CASA (on the day of collection), and a semen dose subset was used for single-sire AI of 6266 females over 6 months. Fertility data from these inseminations were fitted with models including farm/stud, line, boar, parity, mating week, semen age at mating and boar age at mating. The residuals from these models showed no correlation for any CASA semen unique motion parameter, which could be due to the level of sperm concentration, the number of inseminations per estrus, and the low number of females mated per boar. Future studies to expand CASA/fertility analysis need to address these constraints and may include analysis of extended boar semen after storage for 1 week.     

Effects influencing boar semen

The aim of this study was to analyze the main influences on the quality and quantity of boar semen. A total of 230,705 records of semen collections were utilised to estimate statistics of semen traits of 2712 boars belonging to the following breeds: Czech Meat Pig, Duroc, Hampshire, Landrace, Large White, Czech Large White and Pietrain, and various crosses of these breeds. The evaluation was based on semen volume (VO), concentration of spermatozoa (CO), progressive motion of spermatozoa (MO), abnormal spermatozoa (AB), total number of spermatozoa (NO_T) and corrected number of spermatozoa (NO_C). The breeds differed significantly for all examined traits. The maximal differences between the breeds were 95 ml for VO, 109 × 10³ mm⁻³ for CO, 9% for MO, 1.6% for AB, 24 × 10⁹ for NO_T and 19 × 10⁹ for NO_C. The maximal heterosis effect reached 12% for VO, 17% for CO, 4% for MO, −14% for AB, and 8% for NO_T and NO_C. The results demonstrate that the year-season effect has a clear effect on semen quality. The lowest values of semen traits were observed in summer while the highest values were found in autumn and winter. Age of boar was found to have a strong impact on sperm output. Sperm output tended to increase up to a boars’ age of 3.5 years. An acceptable level of semen volume occurred after a sexual pause of 3 days and the pool of spermatozoa was restoring after 5–7 days and fully after 10–11 days.     

Relationships between Brucella ovis semen culture and various semen and serology parameters

Semen and blood samples from 154 rams from two Montana range flocks (Flock A, vaccinated for Brucella ovis ; Flock B, nonvaccinated) were evaluated to determine the relationship between Brucella ovis (B. ovis ) semen culture results and various semen and blood parameters. All rams utilized in this study exhibited no palpable ram epididymitis lesions. Thirteen and 25.6% of the rams tested in Flocks A and B, respectively, had positive B. ovis semen cultures. Only age of ram and ram condition scores differed (P<0.05) between flocks. No flock by semen culture interactions were detected (P>0.05) for any of the parameters evaluated. Age of ram, ram condition score, and spermatozoa rate from forward movement were unrelated (P>0.05) to B. ovis culture results. Rams with positive B. ovis semen cultures had lower sperm motility (P<0.05), higher percentage of abnormal spermatozoa cells (P<0.05), higher percentage of spermatozoa head abnormalities (P<0.01), lower percentage of live-normal cells (P<0.05), higher incidence of white blood cells in semen (P<0.01) and higher complement fixation (CF) titers (P<0.01).     

Bull semen RNAase revisited

A new RNAase, RNAase SPL, was discovered (Reddy et al., 1979), which constituted most of bull semen RNAase activity; it was reminiscent in many of its properties of the bovine seminal RNAase we have studied for many years (see References), but different from it in other respects. When the procedure devised by those authors for its isolation was repeated, we found that an RNAase SPL such as that described in the above-mentioned paper is not to be found in bovine seminal plasma.