黄瓜香联合顺铂治疗小鼠H22肝癌的研究

目的 观察黄瓜香联合顺铂对小鼠H22肝癌移植瘤生长的抑制作用.方法 将40只接种H22肝癌细胞的昆明小鼠随机分为4组,其腹腔分别注射生理盐水(对照组);黄瓜香组;顺铂组;黄瓜香+顺铂组(联合治疗组),观察小鼠的毒副反应及生存质量.实验19 d后,处死全部小鼠,剥离皮下肿瘤,称小鼠肿瘤重量,计算抑瘤率.结果 黄瓜香组的H22肝癌平均瘤重为(1.26 ±0.19)g,明显低于对照组的(1.89 ±0.56)g(P ＜0.01).联合治疗组的平均瘤重为(0.57 ±0.42)g,均明显低于黄瓜香组(P＜0.01)和顺铂组(P＜0.01);其抑瘤率达69.8％,明显高于黄瓜香组(x2=16.9875,P＜0.01)和顺铂组(x2=5.0602,P＜0.05).联合治疗组小鼠的毒副反应明显低于顺铂组,生存质量好于顺铂组;黄瓜香组与联合治疗组都能调节肠道菌群,扶植肠道中有益菌(乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌)生长,抑制大肠埃希菌生长,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 黄瓜香与顺铂合用对小鼠H22肝癌移植瘤的生长具有协同抑制作用,能降低顺铂毒副反应,提高小鼠的生存质量.     

香菇C91-3菌LP1蛋白在小鼠体内的抗肿瘤免疫作用

目的 通过观察注射C91-3菌LP1蛋白对H22荷瘤小鼠的影响,探讨LP1蛋白在小鼠体内的抗肿瘤免疫作用。方法 使用鼠肝癌H22细胞接种于BALB/C小鼠右腋下,建立小鼠H22实体瘤模型。取上述建立成功的H22实体瘤模型小鼠64只,体重20～25 g;分为A、B两组,每组32只。A组再分为LP1实验Ⅰ组（300 μg/只）、LP1实验Ⅱ组（100 μg/只）、PBS对照组和顺铂对照组（4 mg/kg）,每组8只,各组隔日给药1次,共给药5次。A组用于检测LP1蛋白作用后在小鼠体内对H22肿瘤的抑瘤作用、血清中IL-2含量以及脾中NK细胞活性等生理指标。B组按同样的方法分组,隔日给药1次,直至荷瘤小鼠死亡,记录各组小鼠的生存期,计算生命延长率。结果 LP1蛋白可以延长H22荷瘤小鼠的生存期,LP1实验组生存期达16.6 d,较PBS对照组13.2 d有明显提高。LP1蛋白在体内对H22实体瘤具有一定的抑制作用,对H22实体瘤进行病理切片、HE染色观察后发现,LP1实验组中H22肿瘤组织较PBS对照组肿瘤组织内出现炎性细胞浸润,局部可见坏死现象。使用ELISA法和LDH法分别检测H22荷瘤小鼠血清中IL-2含量以及NK细胞活性,发现LP1实验组IL-2水平和NK细胞活性较PBS对照组和顺铂对照组显著提高。结论 LP1蛋白可延长H22荷瘤小鼠的生存期限,提高小鼠的生存质量,具有一定的肿瘤抑制作用。其抑制作用主要是由增强H22荷瘤小鼠自身免疫力,提高NK细胞活性,发挥机体自身肿瘤免疫功能造成的。     

四君子汤加减对乳腺癌术后化疗患者肠道菌群及细胞免疫功能的影响CSCD

目的 分析四君子汤加减对乳腺癌术后化疗效果以及患者肠道菌群、细胞免疫功能的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2023年1月我院收治的150例乳腺癌患者,均符合手术指征,且接受术后化疗。采用简单随机抽签分组的方法,规定抽取奇数的为单纯化疗组(n=70),偶数的为中药联合组(n=80)。单纯化疗组：术后2周开始化疗,选择CEF(环磷酰胺+表阿霉素+氟尿嘧啶)方案化疗：第1 d环磷酰胺600mg/m2+第1 d表阿霉素60 mg/m2+第1、8 d氟尿嘧啶500 mg/m2,静脉滴注,21 d为1个化疗周期间隔,共治疗6个周期。中药联合组：在上述化疗基础上服用四君子汤汤剂,1剂/d,疗程同单纯化疗组。评估两组患者中医证候疗效,检测化疗前后肠道菌群与免疫细胞的变化,观察毒副作用。结果中药联合组脾气虚证证候疗效优于单纯化疗组(Z=2.394,P=0.017)。化疗后,中药联合组的双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量增加且多于单纯化疗组(P<0.001),肠杆菌和肠球菌数量减少且低于单纯化疗组(P<0.001),CD3+T细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD4+/CD8+T细胞水平高于单纯化疗组(P<0.001)。中药联合组的胃肠反应发生率低于单纯化疗组(χ2=5.133,P=0.023)。结论四君子汤加减对乳腺癌术后化疗效果有提升作用,可改善患者术后中医脾气虚证相关证候,调节肠道菌群及细胞免疫功能,毒副作用小。     

直接注射法制作ICR小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤模型

目的：培养鼠肝癌H22细胞,直接注射法制作ICR小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤,为后续实验奠定基础。方法：鼠肝癌H22细胞体外培养,将调整好的对数生长期的肝癌细胞直接注射小鼠肝脏,2周后解剖观察,并进行组织HE染色。结果：所有实验小鼠均可见肿瘤生长,HE染色示肝细胞肝癌。结论：直接注射法制作ICR小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤模型简便易行,值得推广应用。     

直接注射法制作ICR 小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤模型

目的:培养鼠肝癌H22细胞,直接注射法制作ICR小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤,为后续实验奠定基础。方法:鼠肝癌H22细胞体外培养,将调整好的对数生长期的肝癌细胞直接注射小鼠肝脏,2周后解剖观察,并进行组织HE染色。结果:所有实验小鼠均可见肿瘤生长,HE染色示肝细胞肝癌。结论:直接注射法制作ICR小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤模型简便易行,值得推广应用。     

瘤内注射树突状细胞联合放疗对小鼠肾癌TNF-α表达的影响

目的 研究放疗增强DC疫苗治疗小鼠肾癌的作用机理.方法 Renca肾癌细胞制作BALB/c小鼠皮下移植瘤模型,分别用单纯放疗、单纯DC和Dc瘤内注射联合放疗等方法治疗,第28天牺牲小鼠.体外培养2×106Renca肾癌细胞,经20 Gy X射线单次照射培养24 h后,收获细胞.提取细胞和肿瘤组织蛋白,免疫组化和免疫印迹法检测治疗后肿瘤组织中TNF-α、CD3、CD11和F4/80蛋白的表达水平.结果 DC瘤内注射联合放疗有效抑制肾癌细胞在BALB/c小鼠体内生长,局部放疗明显增加了肿瘤组织内TNF-α表达水平,体外培养的Renca肾癌细胞经放射线处理后TNF-α表达明显上调.结论 放射线能够促进肿瘤细胞分泌TNF-α,瘤内注射DC联合放疗的增效作用与肿瘤局部产生的TNF-α表达上调密切相关.     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸与5-氟尿嘧啶联用的抗肿瘤研究

目的探讨双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸与5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）联用对H22荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用及免疫功能的影响。方法双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸单独或联合5-Fu处理H22荷瘤Balb／c小鼠,定期测量肿瘤大小,观察小鼠一般状况;计算抑瘤率、血红细胞数和白细胞数,取脾和胸腺计算脏器指数;HE染色分析肿瘤组织变化;MTT法检测小鼠脾T淋巴细胞增殖转化功能以及ELISA法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ含量。结果双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸及5-Fu单独应用均可抑制肿瘤生长,但单独5-Fu处理组小鼠一般状况差,毒性反应重;双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸与5-Fu联合应用,与单独5-Fu处理组比较,不仅抑瘤率明显提高（P〈0．01）,且荷瘤小鼠一般状况改善,白细胞数升高,脏器指数增加,小鼠脾T淋巴细胞增殖能力强,脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ,水平提高;光镜观察HE染色瘤体组织,双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸处理组可见大量炎症细胞浸润。结论双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸联合5-FU能增强化疗的抑瘤作用,并能扭转化疗引起的免疫低下现象,起到增效减毒作用。     

蛇伤胶囊治疗黄蜂蜇伤临床疗效观察

目的观察蛇伤胶囊治疗黄蜂蜇伤的临床疗效。方法将321例黄蜂蜇伤患者随机分为两组,对照组158例采用局部处理、抗感染、注射破伤风抗毒素、应用糖皮质激素、保护胃黏膜、改善细胞代谢及对症处理等治疗;治疗组163例在对照组治疗的基础上加用蛇伤胶囊治疗。比较两组患者治疗前、后的中医证候积分,并进行临床疗效评价。结果治疗前两组患者的中医证候积分无显著差异（P〉0．05）,治疗后两组患者中医证候积分差值比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;两组的临床疗效比较差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论蛇伤胶囊可以改善黄蜂蜇伤患者的临床症状,提高临床疗效。     

扶正化积方对H22肝癌荷瘤小鼠化疗的增效减毒作用

目的:研究扶正化积方对H22荷瘤小鼠化疗的增效减毒作用。方法:建立小鼠皮下H22移植性肝癌模型,随机分为4组:模型对照组、FZHJF组(40.95g/kg)、5-氟尿嘧啶组(5-FU)(0.2 m L/10g)和联合给药组(FZHJF+5-FU),连续给药12 d后,采集肿瘤与脏器称重并计算抑瘤率、肝脏指数、脾脏指数和胸腺指数;并对各组肿瘤外观和肿瘤病理进行分析。结果:肿瘤病理结果显示均为典型的肝细胞癌。与模型对照组比较,其余三组瘤重均显著减小(P0.05);而联合用药组的瘤重显著小于5-FU组和FZHJF组(P0.05),肿瘤外观图也显示联合给药组瘤块小于FZHJF组和5-FU组。扶正化积方单独使用的抑瘤率为40.5%,联合5-FU后,抑瘤率达到66.7%,大于两者合并用药后的理论相加效应值65.6%;与5-FU组比较,FZHJF组与联合用药组的体质量显著增加(P0.05),FZHJF组与联合用药组的胸腺指数与脾脏指数均显著高于模型对照组和5-FU组(P0.05)。结论:扶正化积方对H22肝癌荷瘤小鼠的化疗具有增效和减毒双重作用。     

中药提取物FAC的抗肿瘤作用及其机制的初步研究

目的:探讨中药提取物FAC对H22肝癌实体瘤的作用及其机制.方法:制备人肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠模型,观察中药提取物FAC对H22肝癌实体瘤的抑制作用及其对荷瘤小鼠免疫器官、存活期、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、淋巴细胞转化功能的影响.结果:小鼠灌服中药提取物FAC10 d后,中、大剂量组抑瘤作用显著,荷瘤小鼠存活期明显延长,反映免疫功能的胸腺指数和脾指数显著增加,巨噬细胞吞噬功能和淋巴细胞转化功能明显增强.结论:中药提取物FAC可抑制人肝癌H22实体瘤的生长,并能提高荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能.提示中药提取物FAC可能通过增强机体免疫功能而发挥抗肿瘤作用.     

柳生金针菇胞外粗多糖对小鼠肝癌H22移植性肿瘤的抑制作用和免疫功能调节的研究

本研究通过对柳生金针菇胞外粗多糖对肿瘤生长的抑制和机体免疫调节的体内实验,来探索柳生金针菇胞外粗多糖的相关抗肿瘤机制。结果表明柳生金针菇胞外粗多糖高、中、低剂量组能不同程度抑制肝癌H22肿瘤的生长。高剂量组抑瘤率最高,为35.25%,中低剂量也能抑制肿瘤生长,缓解脾脏肿大和胸腺萎缩。同时免疫学实验结果表明柳生金针菇胞外粗多糖可明显增加血清中各种细胞因子的表达,通过增强细胞和体液免疫功能来起到抗肿瘤作用。     

Clinical application of recombinant human erythropoietin for treatments in patients with head and neck cancer

Summary The therapeutic effects of intravenous recombinant human erythropoietin (r-hEPO) administration on anemia induced by radiation therapy (3 cases), chemotherapy (18 cases) and combined therapies (5 cases) in patients with head and neck malignancies were examined. The effectiveness was evaluated by the changes in the hemoglobin concentration examined before and after the r-hEPO administration. The r-hEPO administration combined with anticancer therapies improved anemia induced by all three treatments. The therapeutic effectiveness of r-hEPO injection was also noted on anemia induced by all of four different chemotherapeutic regimens that have been ordinarily used for head and neck malignancies. Furthermore, the efficacy of the different dose schedules, 3000 IU (12 cases) or 6000 IU (14 cases), three times a week, was compared. Both of the r-hEPO dose schedules were effective for anemia, but the efficacy of 6000 IU was superior to that of 3000 IU. No significant changes were observed in the number of white blood cells and platelets and the results of biochemical examinations after the r-hEPO injection. There were no objective side-effects related to the r-hEPO administration. These results suggest that anemia induced by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy could be prevented by r-hEPO administration. The addition of r-hEPO to anticancer therapies would make it possible to pursue the planned therapeutic schedules, prevent the decrease of immunity after allogeneic blood transfusion and bring about an improvement in the prognosis of patients with malignancies.     

Anti-hepatoma activity in mice of a polysaccharide from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana

A neutral polysaccharide fraction (ARP) prepared from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana was tested for its anticancer activity in H22 tumor-bearing mice by oral administration. ARP could not only significantly inhibit the growth of H22 transplantable tumor, but also remarkably promote splenocytes proliferation, NK cell and CTL activity, as well as serum IL-2 and TNF-α production in tumor-bearing mice. In addition, ARP treatment to tumor bearing mice had no toxicity to body weight, the liver and kidney. Moreover it could reverse the hematological parameters induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to near normal. The above results suggested that the antitumor activity of ARP might be achieved by improving immune response, and they could act as antitumor agent with immunomodulatory activity.     

Treatment of adenocarcinoma in the peritoneum of mice: Chemoimmunotherapy with IL-2-stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes as a model for treatment of minimal residual disease

Summary We have used a transplantable murine adenocarcinoma of renal origin (Renca) introduced to the abdomen by i. p. injection of a tumor cell suspension, to study the therapeutic potential of adoptive immunotherapy and/or biological response modifiers (BRMs). This tumor model is therapeutically challenging since the tumor grows progressively resulting in extensive peritoneal carcinomatosis, with hemorrhagic ascites, metastases to abdominal lymph nodes, liver, most serous membranes, spleen, and in some animals, pulmonary metastases. Without therapy, death occurs invariably in 36±3 days. In vitro, the tumor is lysed by lymphocytes obtained from the peritoneal cavity of mice treated with human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and by cototoxic lymphocytes stimulated by in vitro culture with human rIL-2. Treatment of i. p. Renca with a single i. p. injection of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), or adoptive transfer of in vitro stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes together with rIL-2 cured 50% and 20% of the tumor-bearing mice, respectively. In contrast, combined therapy with DOX and adoptive transfer of in vitro stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes and rIL-2 cured the majority (90%) of tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that administration of immunotherapy with in vitro activated cytotoxic cells together with human rIL-2 substantially enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapy.     

Characteristics of the mechanism of action of complex copper (II) compounds with alpha-amino acids

There was no direct inhibition of DNA synthesis in ascites hepatoma 22A cells after intraperitoneal injection of single doses of copper (II) complexes with amino acids into tumor-bearing C3HA mice. Meanwhile cis-dichlorodiamine platinum (II) (DDP) as well as sarcolysine showed such inhibition. Copper (II) complexes with alpha-amino acids displayed as significant superoxide dismutase-like activity at concentrations corresponding to therapeutic doses of these compounds. The complexes of copper (II) combined with DDP give an additive antitumor effect in solid tumors of mice.     

γ-聚谷氨酸-D-半乳糖酯化衍生物-顺铂复合物的制备及其肝靶向性分析

制备一种γ-聚谷氨酸-D-半乳糖酯化衍生物-顺铂复合物［Poly (γ-glutamic acid)D-galactose esterifiable derivative-Cisplatin Complex Compound,γ-D+-DDP］,并考察其体内靶向性。通过生物发酵获得大分子γ-聚谷氨酸［Poly (γ-glutamic acid),γ-PGA］,利用酸降解得到可以作为药物载体的小分子γ-聚谷氨酸;利用凝胶色谱柱检验小分子γ-聚谷氨酸的分子量;利用HPLC检测释放的游离顺铂含量,得到复合物在小鼠体内靶向性分布情况;利用HE组织切片染色,观察脏器受损伤情况及靶向分布。实验结果表明：成功获得γ-聚谷氨酸-D-半乳糖酯化衍生物-顺铂复合物,该复合物载药率达9.4%~10.2%;HPLC结果表明注射复合物后,肝脏中药物显著增加而肾脏中药物分布明显减少,大大减少了肾毒性,肝靶向作用明显。因此,γ-聚谷氨酸-D-半乳糖酯化衍生物-顺铂复合物是一种有效的具有肝靶向性的抗肿瘤药物,具有潜在的临床应用价值;通过生物发酵获得的γ-聚谷氨酸可用于药物载体,赋予药物新的特点。介绍了制备一种γ-聚谷氨酸-D-半乳糖酯化衍生物-顺铂复合物[Poly (γ-glutamic acid)-D-galactose esterifiable derivative -Cisplatin Complex Compound,（γ-D+-DDP）],并考察其体内靶向性。通过生物发酵获得大分子γ-聚谷氨酸[Poly (γ-glutamic acid),γ-PGA],利用酸降解得到可以作为药物载体的小分子γ-聚谷氨酸;利用凝胶色谱柱检验小分子γ-聚谷氨酸的分子量;利用HPLC检测释放的游离顺铂含量,得到复合物在小鼠体内靶向性分布情况;利用HE组织切片染色,观察脏器受损伤情况及靶向分布。实验结果表明：成功获得γ-聚谷氨酸-D-半乳糖酯化衍生物-顺铂复合物,该复合物载药率达9.4% ~10.2%;HPLC结果表明注射复合物后,肝脏中药物显著增加而肾脏中药物分布明显减少,大大减少了肾毒性,肝靶向作用明显。因此,γ-聚谷氨酸-D-半乳糖酯化衍生物-顺铂复合物是一种有效的具有肝靶向性的抗肿瘤药物,具有潜在的临床应用价值;通过生物发酵获得的γ-聚谷氨酸可用于药物载体,赋予药物新的特点。     

Novel nitric oxide generating compound glycidyl nitrate enhances the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Selective release of nitric oxide (NO) in tumors could improve the tumor blood flow and drug delivery for chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy, thereby increasing the therapeutic index. Glycidyl nitrate (GLYN) is a NO generating small molecule, and has ability to release NO on bioactivation in SCC VII tumor cells. GLYN-induced intracellular NO generation was significantly attenuated by NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO (cPTIO) and NAC. GLYN significantly increases tumor blood flow, but has no effect on the blood flow of normal tissues in tumor-bearing mice. When used with cisplatin, GLYN significantly increased the tumor growth inhibition effect of cisplatin. GLYN also had a modest radiosensitizing effect in vitro and in vivo. GLYN was well tolerated and there were no acute toxicities found at its effective therapeutic doses in preclinical studies. These results suggest that GLYN is a promising new drug for use with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and provide a compelling rationale for future studies of GLYN and related compounds.     

Intratumoral injection of therapeutic HPV vaccinia vaccine following cisplatin enhances HPV-specific antitumor effects

Despite the conventional treatments of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rates for patients with advanced-stage cervical cancers remain low. Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an alternative, innovative therapy that may improve survival. Here, we utilize a preclinical HPV-16 E6/E7-expressing tumor model, TC-1, and employ the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin to generate an accumulation of CD11c+ dendritic cells in tumor loci making it an ideal location for the administration of therapeutic vaccines. Following cisplatin treatment, we tested different routes of administration of a therapeutic HPV vaccinia vaccine encoding HPV-16 E7 antigen (CRT/E7-VV). We found that TC-1 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice treated with cisplatin and intratumoral injection of CRT/E7-VV significantly increased E7-specific CD8+ T cells in the blood and generated potent local and systemic antitumor immune responses compared to mice receiving cisplatin and CRT/E7-VV intraperitoneally or mice treated with cisplatin alone. We further extended our study using a clinical grade recombinant vaccinia vaccine encoding HPV-16/18 E6/E7 antigens (TA-HPV). We found that intratumoral injection with TA-HPV following cisplatin treatment also led to increased E7-specific CD8+ T cells in the blood as well as significantly decreased tumor size compared to intratumoral injection with wild type vaccinia virus. Our study has strong implications for future clinical translation using intratumoral injection of TA-HPV in conjunction with the current treatment strategies for patients with advanced cervical cancer.     

Glucocorticoids reduce chemotherapeutic effectiveness on OSCC cells via glucose-dependent mechanisms

Synthetic corticosteroids are routinely administered during the treatment of several diseases, including malignancies. However, recent evidence suggests that corticosteroids may have tumor-promoting effects, particularly in epithelial neoplasms. Our aim was to assess the role of the recently characterized cancer-associated glucocorticoid (GC) system in the resistance to chemotherapy of oral malignant keratinocytes. Human malignant oral keratinocyte cell lines H314/H357/H400/BICR16/BICR56 were tested with: two chemotherapeutic agents, doxorubicin (DOXO) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as well as hydrocortisone (HC), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 5-pregnen-3-beta-ol-20-one-16-alfa-carbonitrile (PCN), and two glucose uptake inhibitors, Fasentin and WZB. Both DOXO and 5-FU induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. HC administration (100 nM) reduced the effectiveness of both chemotherapeutic agents to a variable extent in all 5 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. ACTH also reduced the effectiveness of DOXO on 2 cell lines tested (H357 and BICR56). The glucose uptake inhibitors Fasentin and WZB were able to partially block the increased resistance to the cytotoxic drugs induced by HC. In summary, we have demonstrated, for the first time, the importance of cortisol on oral cancer cells ability to proliferate and combat the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. This effect appears to be glucose dependent.     

Chemotherapeutic effectiveness of a new derivative of 5-alkyl-3N-furanones in experimental staphylococcal infection

High chemotherapeutic efficacy of the compound 1929, a new derivative of 5-alkyl-3H-furanones was shown in albino mice with experimental staphylococcal infection caused by intraperitoneal administration to the animals. The efficacy was found to be higher than that of furagin used for comparison. The average therapeutic dose (AD50) of the compound for intraperitoneal administration amounted to 40 mg/kg while the average lethal dose (LD50) was 3000 mg/kg.