深圳城市生态大数据智慧管理和服务平台技术集成与应用研究

生态环境是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,城市生态大数据智慧管理和服务平台建设是生态城市和美丽城市建设的需要。以深圳市为例,借助物联网、移动互联网、计算机、数据库和网络地理信息系统技术,以及时空地理大数据整合和共享、大数据挖掘分析和云端一体化业务协同等关键技术,结合城市生态系统评估分析决策模型/方法/对策库,在实现深圳市“空-地-网-统计-众源”等多源异构生态大数据有效集成的基础上,搭建了 “数据采集-信息提取-知识发现-决策生成-快速服务”全流程、一体化的深圳市生态大数据智慧管理和服务平台,构建了面向业务部门和科研人员等专业用户的生态野外数据调查采集系统和城市生态监测与评估管理决策分析系统,以及面向社会大众的深圳生态大调查APP。平台首次揭示了深圳市1979年以来不同生态系统的格局、构成、过程、服务和健康状况的变化,提升了深圳市生态环境综合决策科学化、生态环境监管精准化、生态环境公共服务便民化水平。平台有效降低了用户数据收集与处理和操作专业模型的难度,突破了原始数据应用的瓶颈和难点,提高了专业模型在业务部门中的使用率。未来,依靠“生态大数据+生态专业模型”的技术方案实现从数据到知识的挖掘,是实现城市生态大数据智慧化和专业化管理的关键,也是全面提高城市生态环境保护信息化服务水平的重要途径。     

Estimation of real-time N load in surface water using dynamic data-driven application system

Agricultural, industrial, and urban activities are the major sources for eutrophication of surface water ecosystems. Currently, determination of nutrients in surface water is primarily accomplished by manually collecting samples for laboratory analysis, which requires at least 24 h. In other words, little to no effort has been devoted to monitoring real-time variations of nutrients in surface water ecosystems due to the lack of suitable and/or cost-effective wireless sensors. However, when considering human health or instantaneous outbreaks such as algal blooms, timely water-quality information is very critical. In this study, we developed a new paradigm of a dynamic data-driven application system (DDDAS) for estimating the real-time loads of nitrogen (N) in a surface water ecosystem. This DDDAS consisted of the following components: (1) a Visual Basic (VB) program for downloading US Geological Survey real-time chlorophyll and discharge data from the internet; (2) a STELLA model for evaluating real-time N loads based on the relationship between chlorophyll and N as well as on river discharge; (3) a batch file for linking the VB program and STELLA model; and (4) a Microsoft Windows Scheduled Task wizard for executing the model and displaying outputs on a computer screen at selected schedules. The DDDAS was validated using field measurements with a very good agreement prior to its applications. Results show that the real-time loads of TN (total N) and NO_x (nitrate and nitrite) varied from positive to negative with the maximums of 1727 kg/h TN and 118 kg/h NO_x and the minimums of −2483 kg/h TN and −168 kg/h NO_x at the selected site. The negative loads occurred because of the back flow of the river in the estuarine environment. Our study suggests that the DDDAS developed in this study was feasible for estimating the real-time variations of TN and NO_x in the surface water ecosystem.     

Design and development of an intelligent transportation management system using blockchain and smart contracts

The automated toll-tax collection system (ATCS) is advantageous to facilitate traffic management at the toll plaza and to save fuel for vehicles. The most advanced application of the electronic toll collection (ETC) system is to collect the toll-tax amount (TA) at toll plazas of the national highways. The few existing TA collection systems suffer from data security, transparency, privacy, and data immutability as these are centralized systems. As the Blockchain is a decentralized, transparent, secure, and low-cost technology. However, this paper presents an intelligent transportation management system (I-TMS) using Blockchain. The proposed I-TMS shows the way of implementation of blockchain technology for vehicle data management in various applications of I-TMS. Herein, a framework of blockchain-enabled ATCS (BATCS) is provided as a blockchain-based I-TMS application to collect TAs without stopping vehicles while they pass the toll plaza. Smart contracts are used to authenticate vehicles’ data and to collect TAs automatically. An efficient algorithm is presented for data verification and TA collection in this paper. This research work provides a secure, transparent, and privacy-preserving framework in the field of the ETC system. The significant contributions of the BATCS compared with the RFID-based system are less fuel consumption and time-saving for a vehicle. The proposed framework can enhance data security and user privacy in the intelligent decentralized ETC system.

     

Trust management for internet of things using cloud computing and security in smart cities

Many consumers participate in the smart city via smart portable gadgets such as wearables, personal gadgets, mobile devices, or sensor systems. In the edge computation systems of IoT in the smart city, the fundamental difficulty of the sensor is to pick reliable participants. Since not all smart IoT gadgets are dedicated, certain intelligent IoT gadgets might destroy the networks or services deliberately and degrade the customer experience. A trust-based internet of things (TM-IoT) cloud computing method is proposed in this research. The problem is solved by choosing trustworthy partners to enhance the quality services of the IoT edging network in the Smart architectures. A smart device choice recommendation method based on the changing networks was developed. It applied the evolutionary concept of games to examine the reliability and durability of the technique of trust management presented in this article. The reliability and durability of the trustworthiness-managing system, the Lyapunov concept was applied.A real scenario for personal-health-control systems and air-qualitymonitoring and assessment in a smart city setting confirmed the efficiency of the confidence-management mechanism. Experiments have demonstrated that the methodology for trust administration suggested in this research plays a major part in promoting multi-intelligent gadget collaboration in the IoT edge computer system with an efficiency of 97%. It resists harmful threads against service suppliers more consistently and is ideal for the smart world's massive IoT edge computer system.

     

Enhancing the power of two choices load balancing algorithm using round robin policy

Cluster Computing - This paper proposes a new version of the power of two choices, SQ(d), load balancing algorithm. This new algorithm improves the performance of the classical model based on the...     

A model for resource management in computational grid using sequential auction and bargaining procurement

Resources in a computational grid system fall under the purview of different administrative domains of varying policies for their usages. Commercial grid offers their services (resources) on use-and-pay basis. Resource management in computational grid, offers a market place for the two prominent grid market players i.e. resource provider and resource consumer. It has been observed that, in the grid, the request for the resources may not be uniform throughout. It fluctuates from very high demand at peak time to low or negligible at off-peak time. This information may be used to fetch the resource utilization and cost benefits out of the grid. The provider would prefer to charge extra for its resources at peak time, whereas users may shift their resources usage preference to off-peak time. This work proposes a model in which the resource provider and consumer play a non-cooperative game at different time-zones and act independently to choose their actions. Some characteristic parameters such as cost, execution time and reliability have been considered to facilitate the job execution. Based on the outcome of the game, the grid cluster offering maximum reliability within the desired execution time and/or cost for the job execution. The model has been simulated for performance evaluation with quite encouraging results.     

An analysis of muscular load and performance in using a pen-tablet system

The present paper aims to investigate two characteristics; task performance and muscular load during skill process for the pen-tablet input system with the mouse input system on the PC in order to determine the comprehensive usability for the pen-tablet system. Two computer tasks were designed for the study: task SL and task PT. Task SL was a repetitive computer-drawing including typical mouse motions such as clicking and drag-dropping. Task PT was a polygon tracing task requiring fine-controlled movements with the input device. Surface electromyography (EMG) and performance data were measured during the task. When the pen-tablet was being used, low amplitudes of EMGs for the biceps brachii, the flexor digitorum superficialis, and the extensor digitorum were found, whereas no EMG difference for the trapezius was found for both tasks. On the first day, the performance with the mouse was much higher than the performance with the pen-tablet in terms of error rates and the number of completed trials. However, the performance with the pen-tablet exceeded the performance with the mouse from the second day on, and the subjects performed better with the pen-tablet than with the mouse. Current results imply that the skill process for the pen-tablet system was very short and the subjects felt comfortable to use the new system from the beginning.     

Molecular dynamics in a grid computing environment: experiences using DL_POLY_3 within the eMinerals escience project

We use the example of a study of the compressibility anomaly in amorphous silica to illustrate how molecular-scale simulations can be performed using grid computing. The potential for running many simulations within a single study requires the use of new data management methods, which are discussed in this paper. The example of silica highlights the advantages of the use of grid computing for studying subtle effects.     

TogoDoc server/client system: smart recommendation and efficient management of life science literature

In this paper, we describe a server/client literature management system specialized for the life science domain, the TogoDoc system (Togo, pronounced Toe-Go, is a romanization of a Japanese word for integration). The server and the client program cooperate closely over the Internet to provide life scientists with an effective literature recommendation service and efficient literature management. The content-based and personalized literature recommendation helps researchers to isolate interesting papers from the "tsunami" of literature, in which, on average, more than one biomedical paper is added to MEDLINE every minute. Because researchers these days need to cover updates of much wider topics to generate hypotheses using massive datasets obtained from public databases or omics experiments, the importance of having an effective literature recommendation service is rising. The automatic recommendation is based on the content of personal literature libraries of electronic PDF papers. The client program automatically analyzes these files, which are sometimes deeply buried in storage disks of researchers' personal computers. Just saving PDF papers to the designated folders makes the client program automatically analyze and retrieve metadata, rename file names, synchronize the data to the server, and receive the recommendation lists of newly published papers, thus accomplishing effortless literature management. In addition, the tag suggestion and associative search functions are provided for easy classification of and access to past papers (researchers who read many papers sometimes only vaguely remember or completely forget what they read in the past). The TogoDoc system is available for both Windows and Mac OS X and is free. The TogoDoc Client software is available at http://tdc.cb.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/, and the TogoDoc server is available at https://docman.dbcls.jp/pubmed_recom.     

A contact energy function considering residue hydrophobic environment and its application in protein fold recognition

The three-dimensional （3D） structure prediction of proteins ：is an important task in bioinformatics. Finding energy functions that can better represent residue-residue and residue-solvent interactions is a crucial way to improve the prediction accu- racy. The widely used contact energy functions mostly only consider the contact frequency between different types of residues; however, we find that the contact frequency also relates to the residue hydrophobic environment. Accordingly, we present an improved contact energy function to integrate the two factors, which can reflect the influence of hydrophobic interaction on the stabilization of protein 3D structure more effectively. Furthermore, a fold recognition （threading） approach based on this energy function is developed. The testing results obtained with 20 randomly selected proteins demonstrate that, compared with common contact energy functions, the proposed energy function can improve the accuracy of the fold template prediction from 20% to 50%, and can also improve the accuracy of the sequence-template alignment from 35% to 65%.     

国家公园管理评估体系构建与应用

国家公园是我国新的自然保护地类型之一,在我国自然保护地体系中具有主体地位。为保障国家公园的可持续发展,对其管理的有效性进行科学、客观和全面的评估至关重要。遵循国家公园生态保护第一、国家代表性和全民公益性的理念,及其生态保护和科研、教育、游憩等功能定位,按照"条件基础-过程行动-取得成效"的思路,构建了包括管理基础、管理行动和管理成效3个一级指标、9个二级指标、22个三级指标的国家公园管理评估指标体系;沿用基于专家评议的快速记分评价法,通过专家咨询法和层次分析法计算权重和分级赋值,并进行综合评估;基于上述方法,对钱江源国家公园体制试点区管理工作进行了试评估。结果表明,该评估体系能够较好反映钱江源国家公园体制试点管理的现状,有效指导钱江源国家公园体制试点的管理工作,并可为国家公园管理评估标准体系的建立提供借鉴。     

A modified active Brownian dynamics model using asymmetric energy conversion and its application to the molecular motor system

We consider a modified energy depot model in the overdamped limit using an asymmetric energy conversion rate, which consists of linear and quadratic terms in an active particle’s velocity. In order to analyze our model, we adopt a system of molecular motors on a microtubule and employ a flashing ratchet potential synchronized to a stochastic energy supply. By performing an active Brownian dynamics simulation, we investigate effects of the active force, thermal noise, external load, and energy-supply rate. Our model yields the stepping and stalling behaviors of the conventional molecular motor. The active force is found to facilitate the forwardly processive stepping motion, while the thermal noise reduces the stall force by enhancing relatively the backward stepping motion under external loads. The stall force in our model decreases as the energy-supply rate is decreased. Hence, assuming the Michaelis–Menten relation between the energy-supply rate and the an ATP concentration, our model describes ATP-dependent stall force in contrast to kinesin-1.     

物种保护信息管理系统的开发应用

在英文物种、生境和保护区管理系（MASS 3．1）的基础上,研究并改编完成了其中文系统软件包（CMASS 2．0）,并用此中文系统软件包建立了中国自然保护区信息库、中国保护动物信息库、中国濒危动物信息库、中国兽类信息库、中国鸟类信息库,这些库的建立对我国野生动物保护具有重要意义。     

上海市生物多样性信息管理系统的建立和应用

上海多样性信息管理系统是一个在因特网下发布的Ｗｅｂ数据库,用戾可以通过浏览器访问ｈｔｔｐ／／ｗｗｗ．ｉｂｓｆｕ．ｆｕｄａｎ．ｅｄｕ．ｃｎ来进行检索和查询。目前提供的主要数据库：鸟类资源 、两栖爬行动物及哺乳动物库：５个专类生物多样履数据库：绿化植物相关技术也在文中作了详细阐述。最后,就目前关于生物多样性信息系统建设中存在的问题发表了一些看法。     

Vaccum drainage system application in the management of operation-related non-regional epidural hematoma

Inadequate tissue perfusion is a key contributor to early complications following reconstructive procedures. Accurate and reliable intraoperative evaluation of tissue perfusion is critical to reduce complications and improve clinical outcomes. Clinical judgment is the most commonly used method for evaluating blood supply, but when used alone, is not always completely reliable. A variety of other methodologies have been evaluated, including Doppler devices, tissue oximetry, and fluorescein, among others. However, none have achieved widespread acceptance. Recently, intraoperative laser angiography using indocyanine green was introduced to reconstructive surgery. This vascular imaging technology provides real-time assessment of tissue perfusion that correlates with clinical outcomes and can be used to guide surgical decision making. Although this technology has been used for decades in other areas, surgeons may not be aware of its utility for perfusion assessment in reconstructive surgery. A group of experts with extensive experience with intraoperative laser angiography convened to identify key issues in perfusion assessment, review available methodologies, and produce initial recommendations for the use of this technology in reconstructive procedures.     

能源重化工工业园环境系统动力学仿真与调控

以锦界工业园环境系统为对象,在系统结构分析基础上,构建其系统动力学模型,并确定生产性投资比例、科技投资比例、环保投资比例、污水处理投资率、废气处理投资率、固废处理投资率为调控参数进行仿真。结果表明,当生产性投资比例由0.14提高到0.16,科技投资比例由0.02提高到0.04,环保投资比例由0.04提高到0.08,污水处理投资率由0.4下调为0.36,废气处理投资率由0.2提高到0.34,固废处理投资率由0.4下调为0.3时,园区年均工业总产值增长率达到21%,环境相对污染度年均降幅为8.1%,人口年增长率为4.7%,系统达到相对最优状态。因此,锦界工业园在环境管理中应采取以下措施:一是合理的调整生产、科技和环保的投资比例,适当降低生产性投资比例,增加科技投资和环保投资比例;二是合理的调整污水、废气和固废处理的投资比例,加强三废处理的基础设施建设,为构建完整的三废回收和处理系统奠定基础。