浙江常山黄泥塘Didymograptus (Corymbograptus)deflexus带的笔石

浙江常山黄泥塘剖面是中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶的全球界线层型剖面点(GSSP)。文中讨论了黄泥塘剖面宁国组底部Didymograptus(Corymbograptus)deflexus带的笔石动物群,并描述了其中一部分属种。根据该带含牙形刺灰岩夹笔石页岩地层在常山、江山地区纵向和横向的分布,在宁国组下部建立了黄泥塘段。     

日本志留纪至三叠纪牙形刺生物地层

本文系统地回顾了日本志留纪至三叠纪牙形刺研究的历史和现在的成果。志留纪牙形刺只有少数零星的报道,没有建立化石带;早泥盆世已建立了５个牙形刺组合,没有中、晚泥盆世的记录;石炭纪有８个牙形刺带,其中晚石炭世３个牙形刺带;二叠纪５个牙形刺带或动物群,其中,中、晚二叠世各１个带（动物群）;三叠纪可划分出１４个牙形刺带。     

重庆石柱漆辽地区中、上奥陶统牙形刺序列—揭示达瑞威尔阶下部至桑比阶之间的沉积间断

本文详细描述了重庆石柱漆辽剖面奥陶系达瑞威尔阶(Darriwilian)牯牛潭组至凯迪阶(Katian)宝塔组的牙形刺序列及其对比。牙形刺序列由上而下可分为:宝塔组Hamarodus brevirameus生物带和Amorphognathus superbus生物带;大田坝组的Baltoniodus alobatus,Baltoniodus variabilis和Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带;牯牛潭组的Yangtzeplacognathus crassus生物带和Lenodus variabilis生物带。其中Hamarodus brevirameus生物带至Baltoniodus alobatus生物带上部为凯迪阶,B.alobatus生物带下部至Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带上部为桑比阶(Sandbian),而Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带下部,Yangtzeplacognathus crassus生物带和Lenodus variabilis生物带归入达瑞威尔阶。根据文中所识别的牙形刺序列,该剖面显然缺失了达瑞威尔阶中上部的牙形刺生物带如Pygodus serra生物带(即Yangtzeplacognathus protoramosus和Y.foliaceus生物带),Eoplacognathus suecicus和Dzikodus tablepointensis生物带。因此,在重庆石柱漆辽剖面奥陶系牯牛潭组和大田坝组之间的地层是不连续的,存在一明显的沉积间断,缺失了相当于牯牛潭组标准剖面中上部的地层(达瑞威尔阶中上部)。而这一沉积间断所发生的时间正好与达瑞威尔中晚期全球海平面下降相吻合。     

一个重要的蒙古二叠纪牙形刺种

在蒙古南部Lugiingol剖面卢金格尔(Lugiingol)组下部发现牙形刺Mesogondolell aidahoensis,该地层应归入下二叠统空谷阶,而不是像以前那样归入上二叠统。     

河北唐山达瑞威尔阶(Darriwilian)牙形刺生物地层的新认识

本文作者对河北唐山赵各庄剖面的北庵庄组(原称下马家沟组)和马家沟组(原称上马家沟组)较系统地采集了牙形刺样品,通过对所获之牙形刺标本和安太库等(1983)在同一剖面所描述的牙形刺动物群仔细研究,得到一些新的认识、分带及对比意见。唐山赵各庄剖面不仅具有丰富各异的地方型分子,如Aurilobodus leptosomatus,Loxodus dissectus,Tangshanodus tangshanensis,Rhipidognathus maggolensis,R.laiwuensis,Triangulodus changshanensis和Erraticodon tangshanensis外,尚有一些分布广泛和具地层意义的重要分子,如Histiodella holodentata,Eoplacognathus pseudoplanus和Eoplacognathus suecicus等。根据这些重要分子和牙形刺分带原则,本文对安太庠等(1983)的牙形刺分带重新修订,即将北庵庄组的Aurilobodus leptosomatus-Loxodus dissectus带和Tangshanodus tangshanensis带修正为Histiodella holodentata-Tangshanodus tangshanensis带,并由下而上可划分为Rhipidognathus maggolensis和R.laiwuensis两地方型亚带;将马家沟组的Eoplacognathus suecicus-Acontiodus?linxiensis带和Plectodina onychodonta带修正为Eoplacognathus suecicus带,并由下而上又可划分为Acontiodus?linxiensis和Plectodina onychodonta两个地方型牙形刺亚带。因此,唐山地区的北庵庄组产牙形刺的部分和马家沟组可与华南的牯牛潭组和新疆塔里木盆地的大湾沟组对比,归入奥陶纪达瑞威尔阶(Darriwilian),从而改变了过去将北庵庄组产牙形刺的层位,即所谓的Aurilobodus leptosomatus-Loxodus dissectus带和Tangshanodus tangshanensis带与华南区大坪阶(Dapingian)的大湾组相对比的认识。     

陕西凤县熊家山界河街组早石炭世牙形刺动物群

首次描述并图示了位于华北地台和华南地台之间的秦岭山脉中的早石炭世杜内阶上部的牙形刺。这一牙形刺动物群与欧洲杜内阶的牙形刺动物群非常相似。文中描述了两个新种:Pseudopolygnathusnodosussp.nov.和Pseudopolygnathusparamultistriatussp.nov.     

广西象州四排组的几种牙形刺

本文根据牙形刺确定四排组的石朋段和(口六)回段为早泥盆世埃姆斯阶晚期的沉积,文中描述了牙形刺8属13种,其中有1新种和4个未定种。     

长兴阶抑或吴家坪阶?——对赵兵等文章结论的质疑

赵兵等(2006)将羌塘盆地北部产有Codonofusiella-Gallowayinella组合带化石的拉卜查日组归入到上二叠统长兴阶的上部,将那益雄组归入长兴阶下部,可能是错误的。王成源等(1997)早已指出,Gallowayinella的时代是吴家坪期而不是盛金章所确认的长兴期的早期。拉卜查日组应归到吴家坪阶。二叠纪的主导化石门类是牙形刺而不是。     

依据牙形刺确定的内蒙古苏尼特左旗泥盆系泥鳅河组的时代

内蒙古苏尼特左旗泥鳅河组一段下部产Caudicriodus woschmidti hesperius等牙形刺,时代为Lochkovian(洛赫考夫期)期最早期。泥鳅河组二段最下部产牙形刺Masaraella pandora W new morph,Pandorinellinacf.miae等,时代为Pragian(布拉格期)期最早期,或由Lochkovian晚期pandora beta-gilberti带到Pragian期早期的steinachensis带。依据牙形刺确定的泥鳅河组一段—二段的时代为早泥盆世早、中期,即Lochkovian期到Pragian期的沉积。本文还首次确认了Masaraella属在中国的存在,并描述了Masaraella pandora W新的形态型。     

蒙古南戈壁泥盆纪(埃姆斯期-艾菲尔期)牙形刺

在蒙古南戈壁地区丘隆组(Chuluun Formation)和查干卡勒噶组(Tsagaankhaalga Formation)发现的牙形刺证明丘隆组的时代为晚埃姆斯期,查干卡勒噶组的时代为早艾菲尔期,与以前大化石所确定的时代一致。但艾菲尔阶的底界暂时还无法准确确定,蒙古南戈壁地区艾菲尔阶牙形刺动物群与同期北美的牙形刺动物群相似．但也包含一些地方性分子,蒙古海相艾菲尔期的沉积可能不完整。本文描述了2个命名新种．Caudicriodus delicatus sp. nov. , C. paraculicellus sp. nov. ,一个未命名新种,Caudicriodus sp. nov. A和一个新亚种,Cuadicriodus angustus cauda subsp, nov.。     

某些晚古生代蕨类和种子蕨植物起源问题的研究

在华南泥盆纪、石炭纪地层中,发现了一些洲际时代较新的“标准化石”,如北美、欧洲早石炭世的重要分子 Lepidodendropsis hirmeri及石炭纪的 Calamostachys、Palaeostachya 等属种。它们和 Leptophloeum rhombicum、Cyclostigma kiltorkense、Drepanophycus spinaefo-rmis、D.spinosus、Archaeosigillaria vanuxemi、Pseudobornia ursina 共存于晚泥盆世晚期梯子口组。西欧、北美威斯法期标准化石 Neuropteris gigantea、Sphenopteris obtusiloba、Potoniea、Mariopteris acuta f.obtusa、M.acuta、Linopteris和Archaeopteridium、Car-diopteridium spetsbergense、Triphyllopteris collombiana、Adiantites gothanii 也共同发现于广东测水组上段或忠信组中段,江西梓山组下、中段,浙西叶家塘组、福建林地组(广东测水组上覆地层和江西梓山组上段含早石炭世的(竹蜓)和腕足类可确定含植物化石的地层时代)。据此,笔者认为 Lepidodendropsis hirmeri、Calamostachys、Palaeostachya和 Neuropteris gi-gantea、Sphenopteris obtusiloba、Potoniea、Mariopteris acuta f.obtusa、M.acuta、Lino-pteris 等属种分别起源于我国华南地区晚泥盆世晚期和早石炭世维宪期。文章还探讨了该期植物发生和迁移的有关问题。     

滇东泥盆系几个含鱼层的时代和对比

从鱼化石的角度对滇东泥盆系下述含鱼地层进行了分析,并认为:1)曲靖地区下泥盆统徐家冲组与坡松冲组或四川的平驿铺组、广西的那高岭组层位相当,时代为布拉格期;其层位低于含 duyunolepids-Kueichowlepis鱼类组合的贵州乌当组或舒家坪组,后者时代为埃姆斯期。2)滇东中泥盆统含两个不同时期的含鱼层,其中含Yinosteus-Wudinolepis鱼类组合的武定地区旧城组属中泥盆统早期,该鱼类组合现仅知分布于武定地区。而中泥盆统晚期含鱼地层,在曲靖地区由下而上包括穿洞组、上双河组和海口组三个岩石组;其中穿洞组＋上双河组与武定的鱼子甸组对比,而海口组与曲靖组为同时异相;武定茶花箐组与曲靖组对比。3)文中时上述地层中的某些鱼化石的层位或鉴定作了评述或厘定。     

腕足动物Planovatirostrum Sartenaer,1970的古生态特征

小嘴贝类腕足动物Planovatirostrum形态奇特,在我国,目前仅在新疆北部和布克赛尔蒙古族自治县和什托洛盖镇北10余公里处七里沟剖面洪古勒楞组中段底部层位中发现,化石大致呈簇状密集或花斑状分布。经过对产Planovatirostrum planoovale岩性、岩相和生物相的综合分析得知,这段地层是一套深水相沉积,P.pla-noovale生活在水体宁静、海水较深的软质基底上。     

具叶舌痕的圆印木状茎干在安徽巢湖上泥盆统的首次发现

在描述的几块产自安徽巢湖五通组中上部（法门期）的圆印木状茎干中，首次发现其中一块标本具有明显的叶舌痕，它与另一块叶痕特征相同但不具叶舌痕的标本共生．说明它们很可能应归为同一种植物。因此叶舌痕的有无很可能与化石的保存状态有关。圆印木属与窝木属仅根据茎干叶痕特征是难于区分的。但由于这两个属的生殖部分（球果）存在差别，目前仍被视为不同的属。当前的标本未发现生殖部分，难于确定其归属。笔者建议，为了实用方便将这类发现于上泥盆统的标本，暂归为Ｂｏｔｈｒｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ（Ｃｙｃｌｏｓｔｉｇｍａ）属名之下，作为形态属或卫星属来处理。     

Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous palynology of the CSDP-2 Borehole in the southern Yellow Sea,China

Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous spores recovered from the depths of 2140 m to 2031.3 m in the CSDP-2 Borehole in the southern Yellow Sea are systematically documented to characterize palynological associations for the stratigraphic correlation. The taxonomic study identifies 96 species belonging to 48 genera, including a re-examination of 33 previously described and indeterminate species. Three palynological associations are established for the Wutong Formation in the CSDP-2 Borehole. In ascending order, these are the late Famennian Aneurospora asthenolabrata–Geminospora lemurata (AL) Association from the proposed Guanshan Member, the latest Famennian Cymbosporites circinatus–Asperispora acuta (CA) Association from the lower part of the proposed Leigutai Member, and the Tournaisian Auroraspora macra–Lophozonotriletes involutus (MI) Association of the upper part of the latter member. The AL and CA associations are correlated with the palynological assemblages in the Guanshan Member, and those in the lower to middle parts of the Leigutai Member of the Wutong Formation that outcrops in the suburbs of Nanjing and southern Jiangsu. The MI Association is similar to those derived from the uppermost beds of the subsurface Wutong Formation and is dated as early Tournaisian.     

桂中南下泥盆统的胴甲鱼类化石

本文通过对近年来在广西横县六景采集的下泥盆统胴甲鱼类化石的描述,同时对以往记述或报道过的该地的胴甲鱼类化石作了简要的评说,在此基础上,列出了广西下泥盆统莲花山组的胴甲鱼类化石.根据这些胴甲鱼类化石内容,讨论了桂中南的莲花山组与滇东曲靖有关地层的对比,重申了桂中南莲花山组的地质时代应和曲靖西屯组的相当.由于直伏于西屯组之下,尚有一含多鳃鱼类化石为其特色的西山村组,该组又公认是早泥盆世早期的沉积,因此,桂中南的莲花山组之下,缺失了相当于西山村组的沉积.很显然,以莲花山组的地层内容所建立的莲花山阶,用来代表我国早泥盆世早期的沉积是不妥当的.     

甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组下红泥岩中的小哺乳动物化石

兰州盆地咸水河组下红泥岩共产有15属25种哺乳动物化石。位于下红泥岩中部的峡沟和上西沟等地产有11属20种化石（Amphechinus cf. A. rectus, A. cf. A. minimus, Amphechinus sp., Soricidae indet., Sinolagomys kansuensis, S. cf. S. major, Yindirtemys grangeri, Y. xiningensis, Y. ambiguus, Eucricetodon sp., Tachyoryctoides? sp., Parasminthus asiae朿entralis, P. tangingoli, P. parvulus, Parasminthus spp., Sinosminthus sp., Heterosminthus lanzhouensis, Litodonomys huangheensis和Didymoconus berkeyi）,被称为峡沟动物群。其中8属11种与党河Taben朾uluk动物群共有。两者的时代大致相当,为晚渐新世。位于瞿家川附近的下红泥岩下部产有：Desmatolagus cf. D. gobiensis, Ordolagus sp.,Tataromys plicidens, Tsaganomys altaicus, Amphechinus cf. A. minimus和Sinolagomys kansuensis等。该动物群的面貌显得比峡沟动物群的要老,而与其下的黄砂岩中所产的南坡坪动物群较相似,其时代有可能为早渐新世晚期。如果更多的化石证明是这样,那么在兰州盆地同一时代的同一动物群可产于不同的岩层（黄砂岩和下红泥岩下部）,而代表不同时代的不同的动物群产于同一岩性地层中。早、晚渐     

VERTEBRATES FROM THE WOOD BAY GROUP AND THE POSITION OF THE EMSIAN-EIFELIAN BOUNDARY IN THE DEVONIAN OF VESTSPITSBERGEN

This paper deals with various vertebrates from the Verdalen Member of the Stjørdalen Formation of the Wood Bay Group, Vestspitsbergen, or layers presumably belonging to this member, including the thelodont scales Amaltheolepis winsnesi n.g., n.sp. (earlier known from a locality in Sørkapp Land), the heterostiid brachythoracid Herasmius granulatus n.g., n.sp. and the porolepiform crossopterygian Heimenia ensis n.g., n.sp., the latter with scales intermediate in some ways between those of Porolepis on the one hand, and the Holoptychiidae on the other. Amaltheolepis and Herasmius are not yet known to occur outside Vestspitsbergen; Heimenia is represented in a Devonian material from Anderson River, Northwestern Canada and perhaps also in the Placo-derm Sandstone of Poland. A critical appraisal of the arthrodire faunas of the Wood Bay Group shows that most of the earlier recorded occurrences of Homostius and Heterostius in these layers pertain to euleptas-pid brachythoracids, that the Heterostiidae and Homostiidae are also represented, but only in the Stjordalen Formation, and that the youngest member of the Euleptaspididae, occurring in the Stjordalen Formation, may be closely related to another euleptaspid in the Upper Emsian Heisdorf Beds of the Rhinish sequence (which occurs in association with Ohiolepis scales). The palaeontological evidence may indicate that the Wood Bay Group does not belong to the Lower Devonian in its entirety but includes Middle Devonian strata in its uppermost part.     

晚奥陶世鞘藻科化石的研究

记述发现于江西省玉山县王家坝三衢山组的鞘藻目化石,并认为该化石可以和现生鞘藻属进行对比。这是迄今为止世界上最古老的鞘藻化石记录,也是我国鞘藻化石的首次报道。     

Miospore assemblages from the Silurian–Devonian boundary,in borehole A1-61, Ghadamis Basin,Libya

Well preserved and diversified miospore assemblages have been recorded from a relatively continuous sequence in borehole A1-61 which spans the Silurian–Devonian boundary in the northwestern part of the Ghadamis Basin, Libya. The sequence is represented by early Devonian Lochkovian beds of the Tadrart Formation that transgress onto the Silurian Ludlow-Pridoli beds of the upper part of the ‘Alternances Argilo-gréseuses’ Formation. The present work demonstrates a succession of miospore assemblages from closely sampled layers that have been stratigraphically dated as Ludlow–middle Pridoli and early Lochkovian by chitinozoans and acritarchs. Over 80 species of cryptospores and trilete spores have been identified. Modified detailed morphological interpretations are given. The miospore assemblages are correlated with miospore zonation schemes established for the type sequences of the Welsh Borderland, and those previously described from Libya. Early occurrences of some species as Streelispora newportensis on the western Gondwana plate, are put forward by comparison with the Old Red Sandstone continent. Phytogeographic and palaeobotanic implications based on these observations are discussed.