不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜品种细胞壁中硼的分配

应用不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜品种 ,研究硼在细胞壁中的分配。硼主要结合在细胞壁中 ,缺硼显著提高硼在细胞壁中的分配比例。根系细胞壁硼含量显著低于叶片 ,但根系细胞壁硼占根系总硼量之比例显著高于叶片。同一品种根系及其细胞壁、老叶细胞壁硼含量受生育期影响较小 ,新叶及其细胞壁、老叶硼含量受生育期影响较大。在正常供硼条件下 ,硼高效品种根系细胞壁和叶片细胞壁硼含量均低于低效品种 ;正常和缺硼条件下 ,硼高效品种细胞壁硼占器官总硼量之比例均低于低效品种。说明硼低效品种需较多的硼构建细胞壁。     

不同甘蓝型油菜及其F1硼效率差异与单糖的关系

在硼高效甘蓝型油菜品种及杂交种中 ,单糖的种类比低效品种多 ;除果糖外 ,其绝对含量也远高于低效品种。果糖和甘露糖能与硼反应形成硼糖络合物 ,在硼高效品种及其杂交种中 ,甘露糖的相对含量和绝对含量都高于低效品种 ,尽管在低效品种和杂交种中果糖的含量比高效品种高 ,但果糖含量低 ,起主导作用的仍是甘露糖 ,这种差别很可能是导致硼效率差异的原因之一。     

甘蓝型油菜扩展蛋白家族的全基因组鉴定及其对缺硼胁迫响应的差异分析

以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)硼高效品种‘青油10号’和硼低效品种‘Westar 10’为研究对象,采用生物信息学分析、转录组测序和实时荧光定量PCR技术,鉴定其基因组中扩展蛋白的家族成员,并对该基因家族响应缺硼胁迫的表达差异进行分析。结果显示,甘蓝型油菜基因组中包含109个扩展蛋白,可分为4个亚家族,包括:79个扩展蛋白A(BnaEXPAs)、21个扩展蛋白B(BnaEXPBs)、5个类扩展蛋白A(BnaEXLAs)和4个类扩展蛋白B(BnaEXLBs)。同一亚家族中的扩展蛋白具有相对保守的基因结构和蛋白质基序组成。这些扩展蛋白基因分布在19条染色体上,其中10个位于硼高效QTL区间内。转录组测序分析结果表明,缺硼胁迫时‘青油10号’的根、幼叶和老叶中分别有40、18和30个扩展蛋白基因显著上调或下调表达;而‘Westar10’中分别有27、24和41个扩展蛋白基因显著上调或下调表达。其中‘青油10号’根中的BnaC04.EXPA6a,幼叶中的BnaA09.EXPA5以及老叶中的BnaA09.EXPA16、BnaC04.EXPA3、BnaCnn.EXPA5b和BnaA03.EXPA8基因的表达水平均显著高于‘Westar10’。研究结果说明甘蓝型油菜基因组中扩展蛋白基因家族数量庞大,其中高、低效品种间和不同硼水平中差异表达的扩展蛋白可能在甘蓝型油菜低硼适应性中发挥重要作用。     

甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系160S育性转换与利用

以甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系160S为试验材料,分别在自然栽种和人工控温条件下对其花器官形态变化、花粉育性转换和杂种优势等进行了初步研究,以探讨植物温敏雄性不育的发生机制。结果表明:环境温度对160S的花器官形态及育性转换具有明显的作用,高温可使花瓣变小,雄蕊退化,花粉活力、角粒数与自交有效结角率降低,表现为低温可育、高温不育,育性变化趋势表现为完全可育-半不育-彻底败育。160S恢复源广泛,且具有较好的配合力和杂种优势,为利用两系法生产油菜杂交种提供了一个较好的途径。     

甘蓝型油菜若干农艺性状与单株产量的关系分析

以38个甘蓝型油菜品种为材料,对单株产量、有效分枝部位高度、主轴花序长度等11个农艺性状进行了方差分析、通径分析和聚类分析．结果显示:所有调查性状在品种间存在显著的差异;主花序长度、主序有效角果数与单株产量都有显著的遗传相关性,两者都通过有效分枝部位高度对单株产量产生较大的正向间接作用;有效分枝部位高度对单株产量的影响也较显著,高产品种具有相对较高的有效分枝部位高度;总角果数对单株产量的直接遗传通径系数虽小,但它具有最大的直接表型通径系数,它通过主序有效角果数和有效分枝数对单株产量产生了两个较大的间接作用;要获得3130kg/hm~2的产量,重点应具备果多、枝多的特征,总角果数不少于657个,有效分枝数不少于18个．     

低磷胁迫下甘蓝型油菜酸性磷酸酶对磷效率的贡献分析

为探讨低磷胁迫下甘蓝型油菜酸性磷酸酶活性的基因型差异及其与磷效率的关系, 采用土培实验研究了磷高效基因型102和磷低效基因型105对有机磷和无机磷的利用及其根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性差异; 并采用水培实验研究了甘蓝型油菜根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶及不同叶片酸性磷酸酶的活性差异. 结果表明, 低磷胁迫能诱导根系及根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶活性升高; 土培条件下, 由于酸性磷酸酶的有效性受较多因素影响, 植物的磷营养和磷吸收效率与根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶活性并不直接相关; 缺磷胁迫下重组自交系群体叶片酸性磷酸酶活性与磷利用效率呈显著正相关, 进一步表明低磷诱导的植株叶片酸性磷酸酶活性升高能促进体内磷的再利用, 从而提高磷利用效率.     

10个线粒体基因在甘蓝型油菜NCa不育系统不同组织中的转录调控及其与育性的关系

用10个线粒体基因为探针,对NCα不育系、保持系和可育F1的苗期叶片、幼蕾及未成熟种子的线粒体RNA进行了Northern分析。结果表明,这10个线粒体基因除atp6外,其余9个基因在同一材料的不同组织中没有表达差异,都属于组成型表达的线粒体基因。其中,off139、orf222、atp1、cox1、cox2、cob、rm5S、rm26S等8个线粒体基因在不育系、保持系和可育F1的苗期叶片、幼蕾及未成熟种子中有着相同的表达,属于表达不受核基因型影响,没有组织特异性的类型：atp9基因分别在同一材料的不同组织中的转录也基本没有变化,但是在3个不同的材料间具有表达差异：可能属于表达受核基因型影响、没有组织特异性的线粒体基因。atp6基因也在3个材料的叶、蕾和种子中都产生相同大小的转录本,但是在各个材料的不同组织中存在着信号强度的差异,可能是属于表达既受核基因型影响、又有组织特异性的线粒体基因。Orf222和off139分别在不育系和可育F1幼蕾中产生相同大小和丰度的转录本,但是在保持系幼蕾中没有检测到转录本;orf222检测到的3条转录本分别为1．1kb、0．9kb、0．6kb,而off139检测到0．8kb和0．6kb两条带。atp9探针在不育系和保持系幼蕾中都检测到1条0．6kb的转录本,而在可育F1幼蕾中检测到0．6kb和1．2kb的转录本。讨论了orf222、off139、atp9基因的表达与NCα细胞质雄性不育的可能关系。     

不同小麦品种（系）吸收利用氮素效率的差异及有关机理研究：Ⅲ. …

用盆载试验研究了１２个冬小麦品种（系）在成熟期以生物学产量为基础的利用效率（ＵＥＢ＝生物产量／吸氮量）、收获系数、氮素收获系数和籽粒氮浓度对以籽粒产量为基础的利用效率（ＵｔＥＧ＝籽粒产量／吸氮量）箱关分析证明,这４个因子对４ｔＥＧ的影响各不相同。无论是低氮还是高氮处理,ＵｔＥＧ与ＵｔＥＢ和收获指数呈正相关,而与籽粒氮浓度呈负相关,与氮素收获指数的相关性较差。从相关系数的高低判断,在这４个因籽粒氮浓     

不同硼浓度对棉花磷的吸收和分配的影响（简报）

在缺硼和高硼条件下,棉花的Ｉｍａｘ明显降低,Ｐｉ的吸收受抑,高硼大于缺硼,磷由根向地上部的运输也有受抑的趋势,０、５．４、１０８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的硼对棉花吸收的Ｐｉ的Ｋｍ值匀无明显,说明Ｈ３ＢＯ３与Ｈ２ＰＯ４＾－和ＨＰＯ４＾＝不存在竞争性抑制。     

不同小麦品种（系）吸收利用氮素效率的差异及有关机理研究：影？…

用水培和盆栽试验的方法研究了根系形态、吸收ＮＯ３的动力学参数Ｖｍａｘ、Ｋｍ和生长速率对小麦品种（系）间吸氮量差异的影响,用水培方法测定的根系重量、总吸收表面积、活跃吸收表面积和ＮＯ３吸收动力学参数Ｖｍａｘ、Ｋｍ具有显著的品种（系）差异,且能很好地解释水培条件下吸氮量的品种（系）差异,即在低氮条件下,Ｋｍ低（对Ｎ 力高）的品种（系）吸氮量高;在高氮条件下Ｖｍａｘ高、即在低氮条件下,Ｋｍ低（对ＮＯ３亲     

A High-Density Genetic Map Identifies a Novel Major QTL for Boron Efficiency in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Low boron (B) seriously limits the growth of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), a high B demand species that is sensitive to low B conditions. Significant genotypic variations in response to B deficiency have been observed among B. napus cultivars. To reveal the genetic basis for B efficiency in B. napus, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the plant growth traits, B uptake traits and the B efficiency coefficient (BEC) were analyzed using a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between a B-efficient parent, Qingyou 10, and a B-inefficient parent, Westar 10. A high-density genetic map was constructed based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) assayed using Brassica 60 K Infinium BeadChip Array, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). The linkage map covered a total length of 2139.5 cM, with 19 linkage groups (LGs) and an average distance of 1.6 cM between adjacent markers. Based on hydroponic evaluation of six B efficiency traits measured in three separate repeated trials, a total of 52 QTLs were identified, accounting for 6.14–46.27% of the phenotypic variation. A major QTL for BEC, qBEC-A3a, was co-located on A3 with other QTLs for plant growth and B uptake traits under low B stress. Using a subset of substitution lines, qBEC-A3a was validated and narrowed down to the interval between CNU384 and BnGMS436. The results of this study provide a novel major locus located on A3 for B efficiency in B. napus that will be suitable for fine mapping and marker-assisted selection breeding for B efficiency in B. napus.     

Hormones and Pod Development in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus)

The endogenous levels of several plant growth substances (indole acetic acid, IAA; abscisic acid, ABA; zeatin, Z; zeatin riboside, [9R]Z; isopentenyladenine, iP; and isopentenyladenosine, [9R]iP were measured during pod development of field grown oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L. var oleifera cv Bienvenu) with high performance liquid chromatography and immunoenzymic (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) techniques. Results show that pod development is characterized by high levels of Z and [9R]Z in 3 day old fruits and of IAA on the fourth day. During pod maturation, initially a significant increase of IAA and cytokinins was observed, followed by a progressive rise of ABA levels and a concomitant decline of IAA and cytokinin (except iP) levels. The relationship between hormone levels and development, especially pod number, seed number per pod, and seed weight determination, will be discussed.     

Nodulation of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) by Rhizobia

Nodules were induced on the non-legume oilseed rape, followingenzyme treatment of seedling roots and inoculation with Rhizobiumlegnminosarum, Bradyrhizobtum 32H1 or a mixture of R. lott withBradyrhizobium 32H1 in the presence of PEG. A Nod– strainof R leguminosarum also induced nodules, but a Nod– strainfailed to elicit this response Nodules induced on oilseed rapewere morphologically similar, when examined by light microscopyand cryo-scanning electron microscopy, to those induced on rootsof white clover by R trifolu. Transmission electron microscopyshowed rhizobia within cells of the nodules These observationsare discussed with respect to the extension of Rhizobium symbiosisto non-legumes. Key words: Brassica napus, Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, non-legumes, nodulation, transmission electron microscopy, cryo-scanning electron microscopy, acetylene reduction, cell wall degrading enzymes     

Reproductive Development in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus cv. Bienvenu)

The reproductive development of oilseed rape (Brassica napusL. cv. Bienvenu) was studied using light and scanning electronmicroscopy. By using the two techniques on comparable samples,internal events such as microspore development were relatedto the morphology of the developing floral parts, and this inturn was linked to the growth stage of the plant. Reproductive development, oilseed rape, Brassica napus, growth stage     

油菜烯醇酶基因的克隆与分析(英文)

烯醇酶(enolase)是糖酵解途径中的一个重要酶类,它能够催化磷酸甘油酸酯(2-PGA)生成磷酸烯醇丙酮酸酯(PEP)。我们通过RACE-PCR方法从油菜(Brassica napus L. )中克隆到了编码烯醇酶的全长基因。序列分析表明该基因全长cDNA为1624bp,拥有一个由444个氨基酸组成的开放读码框,所编码的蛋白质分子量为47.38kD,等电点为5.78。比较发现,油菜烯醇酶与已分离出的其他烯醇酶氨基酸序列有较高的同源性。Southern杂交结果显示烯醇酶以低拷贝形式在油菜基因组中存在。RT-PCR和Northern分析表明烯醇酶基因在100mmol/L盐浓度胁迫条件下表达量上升,而在低温诱导时表达量下降。该研究表明所克隆基因是植物烯醇酶基因家族的新成员。     

油菜烯醇酶基因的克隆与分析

烯醇酶(enolase)是糖酵解途径中的一个重要酶类,它能够催化磷酸甘油酸酯(2-PGA)生成磷酸烯醇丙酮酸酯(PEP).我们通过RACE-PCR方法从油菜(Brassica napus L.)中克隆到了编码烯醇酶的全长基因.序列分析表明该基因全长cDNA为1 624bp,拥有一个由444个氨基酸组成的开放读码框,所编码的蛋白质分子量为47.38 kD,等电点为5.78.比较发现,油菜烯醇酶与已分离出的其他烯醇酶氨基酸序列有较高的同源性.Southern杂交结果显示烯醇酶以低拷贝形式在油菜基因组中存在.RT-PCR和Northern分析表明烯醇酶基因在100 mmol/L盐浓度胁迫条件下表达量上升,而在低温诱导时表达量下降.该研究表明所克隆基因是植物烯醇酶基因家族的新成员.     

Ovule Fertilization and Seed Number per Pod Determination in Oil Seed Rape (Brassica napus)

Ovule fertilization in relation to seed number determinationin spring rapeseed, Brassica napus var. Maris Haplana, was investigated.Failure of fertilization was found to be the major factor limitingthe number of seeds per pod in both the basally and apicallylocated pods on the terminal inflorescence. Sufficient pollengermination on a stigma did not guarantee full seed set andeven when pollen tubes were present at the micropyle regions,ovules were not penetrated. Some seeds aborted: in some, triplefusion did not take place while other seeds were small and deemedat disadvantage to compete for available nutrients. Brassica napus, fertilization, ovules, seeds     

Root Zone Temperature Effects on Growth and Nitrate Absorption in Rape (Brassica napus cv. Emerald)

Effects of root temperatures, ranging from 10–35 °C, on growth and nitrate inflow of fodder rape seedlings (cv.Emerald) were examined. These were cultured in solution, withtheir shoots held at 25 ° C. Nitrate inflow (uptake rateper unit root length) was little affected over the temperaturerange 10–30 ° C, although enhanced values were foundat 35 ° C. Nitrate absorption by roots at 10-30 ° Cdepleted solution concentrations to an apparent minimum of approximately6.0 µM NO₃^–. Relative growth rates were highestwith root temperatures of 25 ° C and 30 °C, and thesewere associated with the greatest nitrate depletion rates fromsolution. Root: shoot weight ratios were also greatest at 25°C and 30 °C. At 10 °C and 35 °C a relativelylarge shoot on a small root maintained nitrate inflow in spiteof the plants' slow growth rate. The nitrogen concentrationin the shoots was little affected by root temperature. Slowgrowth at a root temperature of 10 °C was not associatedwith a shortage of nitrogen in the shoots. The principal influenceof temperature appears to be on extension and differentiationof root tissues, possibly through effects on carbohydrate supplyto root meristems.