Production process for recombinant human angiostatin in Pichia pastoris

A pilot-scale production method of recombinant human angiostatin, a 38-kD fragment of plasminogen which has been reported to have antiangiogenic activity, has been successfully established by expressing the protein in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The secreted protein inhibited cultured endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and Lewis lung carcinoma growth in mice. The fermentation process was carried out using an on-line methanol controller, administering methanol to the growing culture and keeping its concentration under 2 g L⁻¹. The fermentation lasted 90 h, of which 70 h were growth on methanol. During growth on methanol the culture volume increased 64%, from 7 L to 11.5 L, producing 200 mg angiostatin and 5 kg of biomass. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 31–35. Received 12 May 1999/ Accepted in revised form 06 September 1999     

Expression of human serum albumin in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and its structural and functional analysis

The stable strain of methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris secreting human serum albumin into cultural medium was obtained. Optimal conditions for expression of the protein were determined. We characterized the recombinant protein by mass spectrometry and circular dichroism and analyzed its catalytic activity.     

重组人kallistatin蛋白在毕赤酵母中的高效表达及生物活性分析

为了研究kallistatin(Kal)的生物活性,本实验构建了可分泌表达Kal的毕赤酵母菌株。首先通过PCR方法从pAAV-Kal中扩增出KalcDNA,并克隆至酵母表达载体pPIC9,得到甲醇酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9-Kal,然后将载体线性化并电击转化毕赤酵母GS115(his4),通过MD平板筛选出阳性表达菌株。阳性表达菌株在BMMY培养基(pH7.0)中29℃培养,经2%甲醇诱导表达96h,摇瓶表达量可达14mg/L。表达上清经PhenylSuperose、Heparin SepharoseFF分离纯化,目的蛋白纯度达到98%,分子量为58kDa。生物活性实验显示,所得到的Kal蛋白具有较好的抗氧化活性,过氧化物酶活性达到(163±4)U/(mg·min),可有效降低H2O2对LX-2细胞的氧化损伤。另外,重组产生的Kal还能抑制HUVEC细胞的增殖。本研究首次成功地利用毕赤酵母表达系统分泌表达了有生物活性的Kal,为继续开展其抗肿瘤活性奠定了基础。     

毕赤氏酵母醇氧化酶-2基因启动子突变体的分离和鉴定

巴斯毕赤我苯酵母表达系统已被广泛用于生产外源蛋白的寄主菌。利用该系统将外源基因整合交换到染色体上时,ＡＯＸ１基因被破力的甲醇利用缓慢,给发本报生产千古 定影响。在不改变现有表达系统前提下,从ＡＯＸＩ功能缺陷 株分离出Ｍｕｔ＾＋自发突变化突变体,通过突变体在甲醇培养基中生长曲线的测定,ＨＳＡ表达产物的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,证明突变体的甲醇利用能力和蛋白表达比原始菌株大大提高,突变体ＡＯＸ２基因上游     

毕赤酵母醇氧化酶1启动子突变体的分离与鉴定

目的：通过醇氧化酶1启动子突变,筛选毕赤酵母高水平表达菌株。方法：通过致错PCR构建醇氧化酶1启动子突变体,经酶切连接到改造过的质粒HSA-pPIC9上,转化毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞,摇瓶培养表达筛选人血清白蛋白（HSA）高表达突变体菌株。结果：克隆测序结果表明,突变的醇氧化酶1启动子-910和-569位点处共2个碱基发生了T→C突变;获得一株高表达菌株,摇瓶中HSA的表达量由200mg／L提高到335mg／L。结论：通过醇氧化酶1启动子突变成功构建了HSA高表达菌株。     

重组人白细胞介素21在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及活性分析

为了获得有活性的重组人白细胞介素21(rhIL-21),本研究建立了在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中分泌表达rhIL-21的技术。首先,通过RT-PCR从人外周血淋巴细胞中扩增IL-21cDNA,克隆到酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,构建了重组酵母表达载体pPIC9K-hIL21 cDNA;然后,线性化的载体转化毕赤酵母表达菌株GS115,经抗性梯度筛选获得了多拷贝重组酵母菌;加入甲醇诱导培养后,SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测到培养液中有rhIL-21的分泌表达,相对分子量约为16kD,ELISA结果显示摇瓶表达量可达229.28mg/L;表达上清经阳离子交换介质SPSepharose Fast Flow纯化后,目的蛋白纯度达到95%。细胞增殖试验结果显示该rhIL-21联合刀豆蛋白A(ConA)对人淋巴细胞的增殖具有显著的促进作用。本研究首次成功在毕赤酵母表达系统中分泌表达了有生物活性的rhIL-21,为相关疾病免疫治疗的研究奠定了基础。     

Peroxisome-targeted and tandem repeat multimer expressions of human antimicrobial peptide LL37 in Pichia pastoris

Although the human antimicrobial peptide LL37 has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities, it easily damages host cells following heterologous expressions. This study attempted two strategies to alleviate its damage to host cells when expressed in Pichia pastoris using the AOX1 promoter. Tandem repeat multimers of LL37 were first designed, and secretion expression strains GS115-9K-(DPLL37DP)_n (n?=?2, 4, 6 and 8) containing different copies of the LL37 gene were constructed. However, LL37 tandems still killed the cells after 96?hr of induction. Subsequently, peroxisome-targeted expression was performed by adding a peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (SKL) at the C-terminus of LL37. The LL37 expression strain GS115-3.5K-LL37-SKL showed no significant inhibition in the cells after induction. Antibacterial activity assays showed that the recombinant LL37 expressed in peroxisomes had good antimicrobial activities. Then, a strain GS115-3.5K-LL37-GFP-SKL producing LL37, green fluorescent protein, and SKL fusion proteins was constructed, and the fusion protein was confirmed to be targeting the peroxisomes. However, protein extraction analysis indicated that most of the fusion proteins were still located in the cell debris after cell disruption, and further studies are required to extract more proteins from the peroxisome membrane.     

Expression and analysis of the glycosylation properties of recombinant human erythropoietin expressed in Pichia pastoris

The Pichia pastoris expression system was used to produce recombinant human erythropoietin, a protein synthesized by the adult kidney and responsible for the regulation of red blood cell production. The entire recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) gene was constructed using the Splicing by Overlap Extension by PCR (SOE-PCR) technique, cloned and expressed through the secretory pathway of the Pichia expression system. Recombinant erythropoietin was successfully expressed in P. pastoris. The estimated molecular mass of the expressed protein ranged from 32 kDa to 75 kDa, with the variation in size being attributed to the presence of rhEPO glycosylation analogs. A crude functional analysis of the soluble proteins showed that all of the forms were active in vivo.     

通过毕赤酵母表达系统获得高纯度的重组人血管内皮生长因子 (rhVEGF165)

血管内皮生长因子 (Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF165) 是一种高度特异性的促血管内皮细胞生长因子,高纯度的VEGF165对于抗肿瘤药物和生物标志物研发检测试剂必不可少。目前关于VEGF165的异源表达方法,纯化步骤多且产物纯度不高。以毕赤酵母表达系统为基础,构建人血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF165) 多拷贝的表达载体。按照酵母密码子偏好性优化人血管内皮生长因子基因 (vegf165) 的密码子,在毕赤酵母BBPB表达载体基础上,用Biobrick生物积块的方法,构建以Pgap为启动子的五拷贝rhVEGF165表达载体,同时添加组氨酸标签。利用His标签和VEGF165自身的肝素结合结构域,仅用两步亲和层析纯化得到纯度高于98%的rhVEGF165蛋白。rhVEGF165纯化后浓度为0.45 mg/mL,且具有生物学活性。该异源表达策略简化了rhVEGF165的纯化步骤,rhVEGF165具有天然VEGF165的生物学活性,且纯度达到目前文献报道的最高水平。     

利用游离型表达质粒强化毕赤酵母表达木聚糖酶

巴斯德毕赤酵母是用途广泛的蛋白表达系统。目前用于毕赤酵母的质粒主要以整合型质粒为主,很少见到游离的质粒用于外源基因的表达。文中通过将来源于酵母自身的自主复制序列连接到酵母整合型表达载体pGAP中构成自主复制的游离型表达载体pGAPZαA-PARS,将该载体用于表达木聚糖酶基因。转化毕赤酵母后同传统的整合型表达菌株相比,以甘油为碳源时最高酶活达到343 U/mL,比整合型表达提高了45.9%。同时游离载体表达重组酶比活相对整合表达提高了81.2%。为了节约发酵成本,进一步研究了分别以甘油、葡萄糖、蔗糖、混合碳源(蔗糖︰甘油=1︰2)等不同碳源下游离型重组菌株的表达水平。发现甘油表达水平最高,蔗糖最低,但是以工业葡萄糖为碳源时产酶成本最低。由于pGAP载体不需要以甲醇为碳源,因而文中所构建的游离载体pGAPZαA-PARS极大促进了毕赤酵母在食品行业中的应用。同时,游离型载体可大幅度提高表达水平,为进一步研究提高GAP启动子的高效表达奠定了基础。     

毕赤酵母中表达透明颤菌血红蛋白提高重组脂肪酶的表达

解脂耶氏酵母胞外脂肪酶Lip2(YlLip2)是一种具有广泛应用前景的工业酶.为了改善高密度发酵生产Y1Lip2过程中的溶氧限制,提高Y1Lip2的表达量,将YlLip2基因lip2和透明颤菌血红蛋白(VHb)基因vgb分别置于AOXl启动子和PsADH2启动子的调控之下,进行YlLip2和VHb在毕赤酵母中的共表达.PsADH2启动子来源于树干毕赤酵母Pichia stipitis,在低氧条件下能被激活.SDS-PAGE和CO-差式光谱分析表明,Y1Lip2和VHb在重组菌中成功实现了共表达.在氧限制性条件下,VHb表达的细胞(VHb+,GS 115/9Klip2-pZPVT)与对照细胞(VHb-,GS 115/9Klip2)相比,摇瓶和10 L发酵罐中YlLip2表达量分别提高了25％和83％.此外,在低氧条件下,VHb+细胞在10 L发酵罐中的生物量也比VHb-细胞高.文中也获得了一株表达了VHb的并携带有多个lip2基因拷贝的克隆子GS 115/9Klip2-pZP VTlip2 49#,在低氧条件下,该克隆子在10L发酵罐中的最高脂肪酶水解活力达33 900 U/mL.因此,在毕赤酵母中用PsADH2启动子表达VHb,同时增加lip2基因的拷贝数是提高YlLip2表达量的一种有效策略.     

毕赤酵母高效表达策略概述

毕赤酵母表达系统是外源蛋白表达的较为理想的系统,但是并不是所有蛋白都能利用此系统获得高效表达,不同来源的蛋白,其表达水平、生物活性和稳定性均存有明显差别。概述了影响毕赤酵母高效表达的主要因素以及外源蛋白在毕赤酵母中的高效表达策略。     

Single-chain antibody fragment production in Pichia pastoris: Benefits of prolonged pre-induction glycerol feeding

Secretory production of a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) by recombinant Pichia pastoris using the methanol inducible AOX1 promoter is limited biochemically by retarded secretion, and economically by the high demand for pure oxygen. To address the problem, the adaptation phase with growth-limiting feeding of glycerol before the production phase was optimized. In a standard procedure with a short glycerol-feeding phase before induction, scFv accumulated in the supernatant only after 15 h. Conversely, scFv started to appear immediately in the medium upon methanol induction when the glycerol-feeding phase was extended to 18 h. Interestingly, despite a significantly lower cell density in the cultivation with extended glycerol feeding, the same amount of functional product of 300 mg/L was obtained about 30 h after the start of glycerol feeding with both methods. mRNA analysis revealed that the higher and faster production of the product was related to longer lasting induction of the scFv mRNA. Additional effects of a better adaptation of the secretion machinery may be suggested by higher expression of unfolded protein response-related genes KAR2 and PDI. A clear benefit of the longer glycerol-feeding phase was a 75% reduction of the consumption of both pure oxygen and methanol, and a significantly lower cell density, which would be beneficial for down-stream purification of the product.     

高比活人睫状神经营养因子突变体基因的构建及其在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

人睫状神经营养因子(hCNTF)及其突变体有望成为治疗肥胖症的新型药物。为了减少hCNTF的副反应,提高其疗效,在hCNTF四重突变体AX15 (R13K)的基础上引入S16 5D Q16 6H突变,构建了高比活的DH_AX15 (R13K)突变体。体外和体内实验表明DH_AX15 (R13K)的活性约是AX15 (R13K)的5倍。同时体内实验还发现DH_AX15(R13K)的作用比AX15 (R13K)更为持久。这种更为持久的作用可能是由于活性提高而非半衰期延长引起的。高比活的hCNTF突变体一方面可以在保证疗效的前提下减少蛋白用量,减少副反应;另一方面可以在不增加副反应的前提下增加最大耐受剂量,提高疗效,在临床应用上具有潜在的优势     

Optimization of the expression of recombinant human activin A in the yeast Pichia pastoris

We report a new procedure to express recombinant human activin A using the methanolic yeast, Pichia pastoris. Optimization of culture procedures has involved comprehensive examination of the effects of culture vessel shape, volume of broth in the induction and expression cultures, methanol concentration, culturing temperature, and pH of the expression cultures. After this optimization, as well as modification of the native cleavage sites, a laboratory scale procedure has been established which routinely produced 2–10 mg/L amounts of this vital growth factor in the highly efficient, eukaryotic yeast system. This system avoids the need to produce this protein and similar TGF‐β proteins in mammalian cell lines which, in addition to being costly, produce many native binding partners of these cystine knot proteins, a factor which can dramatically affect yields of the target protein. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010     

Production and synthetic dyes decolourization capacity of a recombinant laccase from Pichia pastoris

Aims:  To produce and purify a recombinant laccase from Pichia pastoris and to test its ability in decolourization of synthetic dyes.
Methods and Results:  A cDNA encoding for a laccase was isolated from Pycnoporus sanguineus and was expressed in P. pastoris strain SMD1168H under the control of the alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoter. The laccase native signal peptide efficiently directed the secretion of the recombinant laccase in an active form. Factors influencing laccase expression, such as cultivation temperature, pH, copper concentration and methanol concentration, were investigated. The recombinant enzyme was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, and was estimated to have a molecular mass of about 62·8 kDa. The purified enzyme showed a similar behaviour to the native laccase produced by P. sanguineus . Four different synthetic dyes including azo, anthraquinone, triphenylmethane and indigo dyes could be efficiently decolourized by the purified recombinant laccase without the addition of redox mediators.
Conclusions:  Heterologous production of P. sanguineus laccase in P. pastoris was successfully achieved. The purified recombinant laccase could efficiently decolourize synthetic dyes in the absence of mediators.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  This study is the first report on the synthetic dye decolourization by the recombinant P. sanguineus laccase. The decolourization capacity of this recombinant enzyme suggested that it could be a useful biocatalyst for the treatment of dye-containing effluents.     

重组阿拉伯糖苷酶在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及其活性分析

假密环菌是一种果树腐病菌,具有较强的分解代谢纤维素的能力。本文根据已克隆出的阿拉伯糖苷酶基因序列（Accession Number AJ620046）设计引物从假密环菌的mRNA中克隆出阿拉伯糖苷酶的ORF片段,构建重组质粒pPIC9-AF,与组氨酸标签融合,电转化毕赤酵母菌GS115并进行诱导表达。所得到的重组阿拉伯糖苷酶在30-35℃时有较高的酶活,最适反应活性pH值在6.0-8.0之间,而在pH4.0－8.0范围内酶活基本保持在80%以上,比大多已报道的阿拉伯糖苷酶最适pH范围宽。本研究工作对于高效表达重组阿拉伯糖苷酶以及对其进一步的酶学性质研究提供了一个良好的基础。     

发酵重组Pichia pastoris生产腺苷甲硫氨酸的研究

在5L发酵罐中对高产S腺苷甲硫氨酸的重组Pichia pastoris发酵进行了研究。重组菌在pH5．0生长,然后调为pH6．0积累腺苷甲硫氨酸,在30℃、溶氧5％及流加甲硫氨酸和尿素的条件下培养82h后,产量达4．3g／L。     

三种酵母启动子在毕赤酵母中的功能比较

启动子是基因表达调控的重要顺式元件,启动子功能的强弱对于目的基因的表达非常重要.为找到一个启动转录功能较好的启动子,以绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)为报告基因,在毕赤酵母中研究不同启动子对外源蛋白表达的影响.首先采用PCR扩增的方法克隆了酿酒酵母甘油合成关键酶3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因启动子pScgpd,借助于载体pPIC9K和p...