共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
为探究单播与混播人工草地对羊草和紫花苜蓿光合特性的影响,测定2种牧草光合特性日变化进程,比较不同处理下羊草和紫花苜蓿光合特征。结果表明:单播处理下,羊草和紫花苜蓿的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片温度呈单峰型,紫花苜蓿的气孔导度呈单峰型,羊草的气孔导度和水分利用效率呈双峰型。混播处理下,羊草和紫花苜蓿的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片温度日变化呈单峰型,羊草的气孔导度和水分利用效率呈单峰型,紫花苜蓿的气孔导度呈双峰型。混播处理下,羊草净光合速率峰值显著高于单播,分别为17.72和13.65μmol CO2·m-2·s-1。单播和混播处理下,羊草叶绿素含量均高于紫花苜蓿,羊草叶片氮含量均低于紫花苜蓿,且混播羊草叶片氮含量显著高于单播羊草,二者分别为27.60和22.55 g·kg-1。不同种植方式下,羊草和紫花苜蓿的净光合速率与气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈显著正相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈显著负相关,紫花苜蓿的净光合速率与叶片温度、水分利用效率呈显著正相关。混播处理有利于增加羊草叶片氮含量。试验结果为牧... 相似文献
2.
通过盆栽试验研究中国无忧花(Saraca dives)叶片光合作用对光强和CO2的响应。结果表明,在一定光强范围内,中国无忧花的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率随着光强增加而增加,但在强光照下又表现出光抑制现象。中国无忧花光饱和点为541.23μmol·m–2·s–1,光补偿点为10.20μmol·m–2·s–1,暗呼吸速率为1.01μmol·m–2·s–1,表观量子效率为0.0247 mol·mol–1。中国无忧花为阳生植物,对土壤水分需求较高。在饱和光强下,中国无忧花净光合速率、水分利用效率和胞间CO2浓度随着CO2浓度的增加呈升高趋势。中国无忧花CO2饱和点为1608.04μmol·mol–1,CO2补偿点为82.25μmol·mol–1,光呼吸速率为0.94μmol·m 相似文献
3.
非洲菊光合特性研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对温室栽培条件下非洲菊(Gerbera hybrida var. diablo)开花前、开花期、开花后三个生育期的光合特性进行初步探讨。结果表明,开花前CO2浓度为600μmol/mol时,净光合速率(Pn)为8.23 CO2μmol/m2·s,比在大气CO2浓度下高27.1%;开花期非洲菊的表观量子效率较小,比开花前、开花后分别低40.0%和37.2%,CO2补偿点为59μmol/mol,比开花前、开花后分别低45.8%和55.9%,三个生育期的CO2饱和点差别不明显,开花后的羧化效率(CE)较低;开花后叶片叶绿素含量下降,但三个生育期的净光合速率相近(6.0CO2μmol/m2·s左右)。非洲菊的光合日变化在晴天呈不太明显的"双峰型",最大净光合速率出现在11:00左右,为7.77 CO2μmol/m2·s,次峰值出现在1500左右,小于首峰值。 相似文献
4.
金桔秋季光合特性初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用Li-6400型便携式光合测定系统对多年生金桔的光合特性进行研究。结果表明,金桔净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,存在光合"午休"现象,最高峰出现在11:00左右,次峰出现在14:00,日最大净光合速率为3.4467 μmol/m2·s。净光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度之间呈正相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈负相关;在400 μmol/mol CO2浓度下,光补偿点为67 μmol/m2·s,光饱和点为672 μmol/m2·s。金桔的光合特性表现为典型的阳性耐荫植物,对光照的适应性较强。 相似文献
5.
采用涡度相关法对2005年生长季内蒙古锡林河流域羊草(Leymus chinensis)草原净生态系统交换(Net ecosystem exchange, NEE)进行了观测。观测结果表明:作为生长季降雨量仅有126 mm的干旱年,锡林河流域羊草草原生态系统受到强烈的干旱胁迫,其净生态系统碳交换的日动态表现为具有两个吸收高峰,净吸收峰值出现在8∶00和18∶00左右。最大的CO2吸收率为-0.38 mg CO2·m-2·s-1,出现在6月底,与丰水年相比生态系统最大CO2吸收率下降了1倍。就整个生长季而言,不管是白天还是晚上2005年都表现为净CO2排放,整个生长季CO2净排放量为372.56 g CO2·m-2,是一个明显的CO2源。土壤含水量和土壤温度控制着生态系统CO2通量的大小,尤其是在白天,CO2通量和土壤含水量的变化呈现出显著的负相关关系,和土壤温度表现为正相关关系。 相似文献
6.
利用便携式光合气体分析系统(LI-6400),比较测定了高CO2浓度(FACE,free-airCO2enrichment)和普通空气CO2浓度下生长的水稻叶片的净光合速率、水分利用率、表观量子效率和RuBP羧化效率等光合参数.在各自生长CO2浓度(380vs580μmol·mol-1)下测定时,高CO2浓度(580μmol·mol-1)下生长的水稻叶片的净光合速率、碳同化的表观量子效率和水分利用率明显高于普通空气(380μmol·mol-1)下生长的水稻叶片.但是,随着FACE处理时间的延长,高CO2浓度对净光合速率的促进作用逐渐减小.在相同CO2浓度下测定时,FACE条件下生长的水稻叶片净光合速率和羧化效率明显比普通空气下生长的对照低.尽管高CO2浓度下生长的水稻叶片的气孔导度明显低于普通空气中生长的水稻叶片,但两者胞间CO2浓度差异不显著,因此高CO2浓度下生长的水稻叶片光合下调似乎不是由气孔导度降低造成的. 相似文献
7.
对中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站地区退化草毡寒冻雏形土CO2释放的全天候连续观测结果表明,退化草毡寒冻雏形土CO2的释放有明显的日变化和季节动态,日最大释放速率出现于12:00~14:00,最小释放速率出现于6:00~8:00;植物生长季的最大振幅为462.49mg·m-2·h-1(8月18日),最小振幅为114.97mg·m-2·h-1(5月9日),CO2释放速率白天大于夜晚.不同物候期CO2释放速率亦不同,草盛期>枯黄期>返青期.最大日均值为480.76mg·m-2·h-1(8月18日),最小日均值为140.77mg·m-2·h-1(5月9日).释放速率与气温、地表温度及土壤5cm地温均呈显著或极显著相关关系,表明温度是决定CO2释放速率季节变化的首要因素. 相似文献
8.
采用盆栽控制试验,研究了黄土丘陵区乡土种白羊草在不同水分水平(80%FC和40%FC)和CO2浓度(375和750 μmol·m-2·s-1) 处理下的光合生理变化特征.结果表明: 干旱胁迫使白羊草的最大净光合速率(Pnmax)、表观量子效率(AQE)、气孔导度(gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)和光合色素含量降低,丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量升高.水分充足条件下,与正常大气CO2浓度相比,大气CO2浓度倍增下白羊草的Pn max、MDA和Pro含量无显著差异.干旱胁迫下,CO2浓度升高提高了白羊草的最大荧光(Fm)、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、叶绿素含量和AQE, Pnmax比正常CO2浓度下高23.3%,差异达到显著水平,而MDA和Pro含量均显著降低.CO2浓度升高对干旱胁迫引起的白羊草光合能力下降有一定的补偿作用,减轻了干旱胁迫对白羊草的伤害. 相似文献
9.
研究了用开顶箱控制CO2浓度在500和700μmol·mol-1左右时红松幼苗的生理生态反应.结果表明,高浓度CO2(500、700μmol·mol-1CO2)和对照(对照开顶箱、裸地)条件下,红松幼苗的净光合速率与气孔导度之间的变化不同.红松幼苗在500μmol·mol-1CO2条件下,RuBPcase活性最高,呈现光合上调反应,日平均净光合速率最大,叶绿素及可溶性糖含量最高;而生长在700μmol·mol-1CO2的红松幼苗呈现光合下调反应,光合作用明显低于对照植株,其酶活性及物质含量均最低. 相似文献
10.
近年来, 由于对湿地的不合理利用, 自然湿地被大面积地垦殖为农田, 导致湿地生态系统碳循环的模式发生改变, 从而影响了湿地生态系统碳汇功能。该研究通过涡度相关法, 对山东省东营市黄河三角洲芦苇(Phragmites australis)湿地和开垦多年的棉花(Gossypium spp.)农田的净生态系统CO2交换(NEE)进行了对比观测, 以探讨该地区典型生态系统NEE的变化规律及其影响因子, 揭示开垦对芦苇湿地NEE和碳汇功能的影响。结果表明: 在生长季, 湿地和农田生态系统NEE的日平均值各月均呈明显的“U”型变化曲线, 非生长季NEE的变幅很小。生长季湿地生态系统日最大净吸收值和释放值分别为16.04 g CO2·m-2·d-1(8月17日)和14.95 g CO2·m-2·d-1(8月9日); 农田生态系统日最大净吸收值和释放值分别为18.99 g CO2·m-2·d-1 (8月22日)和12.23 g CO2·m-2·d-1 (7月29日)。生长季白天两个生态系统NEE与光合有效辐射(PAR)之间呈直角双曲线关系; 非生长季NEE主要受土壤温度(Ts)的影响; 生态系统生长季夜间NEE受Ts和土壤含水量(SWC)的共同影响; 湿地和农田的生态系统呼吸熵(Q10)分别为2.30和3.78。2011年生长季, 黄河三角洲湿地和农田生态系统均表现为CO2的汇, 总净固碳量分别为780.95和647.35 g CO2·m-2, 开垦降低了湿地的碳吸收能力; 而在2011年非生长季, 黄河三角洲湿地和农田生态系统均表现为CO2的源, CO2总释放量分别为181.90和111.55 g CO2·m-2。全年湿地和农田生态系统总净固碳量分别为599.05和535.80 g CO2·m-2。 相似文献
11.
大田威廉斯香蕉叶片光合特性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
用Li-6400型便携式光合作用测定系统研究大田威廉斯香蕉叶片光合日变化、光响应曲线和CO2响应曲线,运用非直角双曲线模型并结合SPSS软件的非线性回归估算其光合作用参数。结果表明,香蕉叶片光合日进程呈单峰曲线,没有明显的午休现象,最大净光合速率出现在10:20左右;光饱和点与光补偿点分别为778.19和61.09μmol/m2·s,表观量子效率为0.0414;CO2饱和点与补偿点分别为608.97和72.13μmol/mol,羧化效率为0.094。此外,对影响香蕉光合速率的主要环境因子分析表明,在土壤供水充分的条件下,限制光合速率的因子是光合有效辐射而非气孔导度。 相似文献
12.
不同生长时期羊草大针茅光合速率与光照强度关系的比较研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文对不同生长时期羊草、大针茅的光合速率与光照强度的关系进行了比较研究。在从营养生长初期到生长后期,研究结果表明:光补偿点都有增加,但羊草增加很少,大针茅增加一倍;高的饱光强出现在营养生长的高峰期、其变动幅度,大针茅大于羊草;高的净光合速率的光强系数,羊草普遍高于大针茅,并且都以营养生长高峰期最高;在10千勒光强下,相对光合速率羊草大于大针茅;羊草、大针茅的光合速率与饱和光强的变化,跟它们的叶片含水率的变化有着广泛的一致性。 相似文献
13.
Effects of nitrogen addition on photosynthetic characteristics of Leymus chinensis in the temperate grassland of Nei Mongol,China
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《植物生态学报》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
《植物生态学报》2017,41(2):196
Aims The increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition due to human activity and climate change greatly causes grassland ecosystems shifting from being naturally N-limited to N-eutrophic or N-saturated, and further affecting the growth of grass species. The aims of this study are: 1) to evaluate the effects of different N addition levels on morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of Leymus chinensis; 2) to determine the critical N level to facilitate L. chinensis growth.
Methods We conducted a different N addition levels experiment in dominant species in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol. The aboveground biomass, morphological and leaf physiological traits, pigment contents, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and biochemical parameters of L. chinensis were investigated.
Important findings Our results showed that aboveground biomass first increased and then decreased with the increased N, having the highest values at the 10 g N·m-2·a?1 treatment, but the 25 g N·m-2·a?1 still significantly increased the aboveground biomass relative to 0 g N·m-2·a?1. Leymus chinensis accommodate low N situation through allocating less N to carboxylation system and decreasing leaf mass per area (LMA) in order to get more light energy. Moderate N addition captured more light energy through increasing total chlorophyll (Chl) contents and decreasing the ratio of Chl a/b. Moderate N addition increased LMA, carboxylation efficiency, maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) and decreased Jmax/Vcmax, thus allocating more N to carboxylation system to enhance carboxylation capability. Moreover, the photochemical activity of PSII was increased through higher effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, electron transport rate and photochemical quenching coefficient. Excessive N addition had negative effects on physiological variables of L. chinensis due to lower carboxylation capability and photochemical activity of PSII, further leading to decreased net photosynthetic rate, whereas increased non-photochemical quenching coefficient and carotenoids played the role in the dissipation of excess excitation energy. Overall, moderate N addition facilitated the photosynthetic characteristics of dominant species, but excessive N addition inhibited photosynthetic characteristics. The most appropriate N addition for the growth of L. chinensis was 5-10 g N·m-2·a?1 in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol, China. 相似文献
Methods We conducted a different N addition levels experiment in dominant species in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol. The aboveground biomass, morphological and leaf physiological traits, pigment contents, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and biochemical parameters of L. chinensis were investigated.
Important findings Our results showed that aboveground biomass first increased and then decreased with the increased N, having the highest values at the 10 g N·m-2·a?1 treatment, but the 25 g N·m-2·a?1 still significantly increased the aboveground biomass relative to 0 g N·m-2·a?1. Leymus chinensis accommodate low N situation through allocating less N to carboxylation system and decreasing leaf mass per area (LMA) in order to get more light energy. Moderate N addition captured more light energy through increasing total chlorophyll (Chl) contents and decreasing the ratio of Chl a/b. Moderate N addition increased LMA, carboxylation efficiency, maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) and decreased Jmax/Vcmax, thus allocating more N to carboxylation system to enhance carboxylation capability. Moreover, the photochemical activity of PSII was increased through higher effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, electron transport rate and photochemical quenching coefficient. Excessive N addition had negative effects on physiological variables of L. chinensis due to lower carboxylation capability and photochemical activity of PSII, further leading to decreased net photosynthetic rate, whereas increased non-photochemical quenching coefficient and carotenoids played the role in the dissipation of excess excitation energy. Overall, moderate N addition facilitated the photosynthetic characteristics of dominant species, but excessive N addition inhibited photosynthetic characteristics. The most appropriate N addition for the growth of L. chinensis was 5-10 g N·m-2·a?1 in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol, China. 相似文献
14.
基于对半湿润易旱区的渭河平原农田2013—2014年冬小麦生长期土壤呼吸(SR)及环境因子和生物因子的观测,研究了冬小麦土壤呼吸日变化、季节变化特征,综合分析了温度(T)、土壤含水量(W)、总初级生产力(GPP)和叶面积指数(LAI)对土壤呼吸的影响.结果表明: 冬小麦土壤呼吸日变化呈单峰型,呼吸速率变化范围为1.5~6.94 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,最大值出现在12:00—14:00;温度是影响土壤呼吸日变化的驱动因子,其中地表温度(Ts)能解释土壤呼吸时间变异的80.9%;土壤呼吸速率与温度的昼夜变化对应关系呈顺时针近椭圆曲线.冬小麦土壤呼吸速率从出苗后到冬季呈下降趋势,在冬季时保持较低水平,进入返青期后迅速增加,在抽穗期和灌浆期达到最大,成熟期后有所下降,变化范围为0.65~4.85 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1;土壤呼吸季节变化与温度、土壤含水量、GPP、LAI均呈显著(P<0.01)正相关关系;土壤温度和水分是影响土壤呼吸季节变化的关键因素,使用复合模型SR=e(a+bT5 cm+cW10 cm+dW10 cm2),可以解释土壤呼吸时间变异的82.6%,比单因子模型(不超过65.7%)的解释能力显著提高.经模型计算,该区域2013—2014年冬小麦生长期平均土壤呼吸速率为1.67 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1. 相似文献
15.
放牧对赖草草地土壤呼吸日、季动态的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土壤呼吸是土壤碳向大气排放的关键过程,受土地利用变化的强烈影响。利用LI-840a静态箱法,对放牧利用下赖草(Leymus secalinus)草地土壤呼吸速率日、季动态进行为期2年(2012–2013)的观测,并分析其与大气、土壤温度和土壤含水量的相关性,旨在为合理利用赖草草地提供依据。结果表明,赖草草地土壤呼吸日、季动态均呈单峰型变化,一天中的最高值出现在午间13点,凌晨4点最低,在生长季初的5–6月和生长季末的9月较低,在生长旺盛期7–8月较高。放牧降低了土壤呼吸速率,但并不改变土壤呼吸速率的变化趋势。土壤呼吸速率日变化与大气温度呈显著相关(P0.05),季节变化主要受0–10 cm土壤温度的调控。围封和放牧草地土壤呼吸速率可以分别用下列方程拟合:Rs=1.040 8e0.086Ts(R2=0.91,P0.01);Rs=1.016e0.075 2Ts(R2=0.95,P0.01)。经综合分析得出如下结论:温度是影响赖草草地土壤呼吸速率的主要因素,放牧通过改变土壤表层温度而降低土壤呼吸速率。 相似文献
16.
该文选择红藻门大型植物龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)作为研究对象,通过黑白瓶法筛选出有机试剂POPSO(哌嗪-N,N-双(2-羟基乙烷磺酸)),能较好地缓冲室内龙须菜培养中介质pH的波动。在此基础上,探讨了POPSO对龙须菜生长的影响,结果表明:15 mmol·L -1及以上浓度的POPSO能较好地稳定介质pH值,减少系统中DIC浓度的急剧变化,但POPSO对CO2浓度波动不起作用;试验结果还表明,介质中的CO2浓度与龙须菜的生长速率间存在着类似酶动力学方程的关系,当介质中的CO2浓度下降到5.25 μmol·L -1以下时,龙须菜生长出现抑制现象。相对稳定pH的培养环境,更有利于介质DIC中的HCO-3、CO2-3向CO2的转换,缓解龙须菜生长的C抑制。 相似文献
17.
Effects of groundwater salinity on the characteristics of leaf photosynthesis and stem sap flow in Tamarix chinensis
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《植物生态学报》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
《植物生态学报》2016,40(12):1298
AimsThe objective of this study was to investigate the change pattern of leaves photosynthesis and stem sap flow of Tamarix chinensisin under different groundwater salinity, which can be served as a theoretical basis and technical reference for cultivation and management of T. chinensis in shallow groundwater table around Yellow River Delta.MethodsThree-year-old T. chinensis, one of the dominated species in Yellow River Delta, was selected. Plants were treated by four different salinity concentrations of groundwater—fresh water (0 g∙L-1), brackish water (3.0 g∙L-1), saline water (8.0 g∙L-1), and salt water (20.0 g∙L-1) under 1.2 m groundwater level. Light response of photosynthesis and the diurnal courses of leaf transpiration rate, stem sap flux velocity and environment factors under different groundwater salinity were determined via LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis system and a Dynamax packaged stem sap flow gauge based on stem-heat balance method, respectively.Important findings The result showed that groundwater salinity had a significant impact on photosynthesis efficiency and water consumption capacity of T. chinensis by influencing the soil salt. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximum Pn, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, apparent quantum yield and dark respiration rate increased first and then decreased with increasing groundwater salinity, while the water use efficiency (WUE) continuously decreased. The mean Pn under fresh water, brackish water and salt water decreased by 44.1%, 15.1% and 62.6%, respectively, compared with that under saline water (25.90 µmol∙m-2∙s-1). The mean WUE under brackish water, saline water and salt water decreased by 25.0%, 29.2% and 41.7%, respectively, compared with that under fresh water (2.40 µmol∙mmol-1). With the increase of groundwater salinity from brackish water to salt water, light saturation point of T. chinensisdecreased while the light compensation point increased, which lead to the decrease of light ecological amplitude and light use efficiency. Fresh water and brackish water treatment helped T. chinensis to use low or high level light, which could significantly improve the utilization rate of light energy. The decrease in Pn of T. chinensis was mainly due to non-stomatal limitation under treatment from saline water to fresh water, while the decrease in Pn of T. chinensis was due to stomatal limitation from saline water to salt water. With increasing groundwater salinity, stem sap flux velocity of T. chinensis increased firstly and then decreased, reached the maximum value under saline water. The mean stem sap flux velocity under fresh water, brackish water and salt water decreased by 61.8%, 13.1% and 41.9%, respectively, compared with that under saline water (16.96 g·h-1). Tamarix chinensis had higher photosynthetic productivity under saline water treatment, and could attained high WUE under severe water deprivation by transpiration, which was suitable for the growth of T. chinensis. 相似文献
18.
为揭示柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)光合能力及耗水特征对地下水矿化度的响应规律, 以黄河三角洲建群种——柽柳3年生植株为研究对象, 在1.2 m的潜水水位下, 模拟设置淡水、微咸水、咸水和盐水4种不同的地下水矿化度, 测定柽柳叶片光合-光响应、蒸腾速率和树干液流的日变化。结果表明: 地下水矿化度通过影响土壤盐分可显著影响柽柳光合特性及耗水性能。随地下水矿化度升高, 柽柳叶片净光合速率(Pn)、最大Pn、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、表观量子效率和暗呼吸速率均先升高后降低, 而水分利用效率(WUE)持续降低。淡水、微咸水和盐水处理下, 柽柳Pn光响应平均值分别比咸水处理降低44.1%、15.1%和62.6%; 微咸水、咸水和盐水处理下, 柽柳WUE光响应平均值分别比淡水处理降低25.0%、29.2%和41.7%。随地下水矿化度升高, 柽柳叶片光饱和点先升高后降低, 而光补偿点持续升高, 光照生态幅变窄, 光能利用率变低。淡水和盐水处理下, 柽柳Pn下降分别是非气孔限制和气孔限制引起的。柽柳树干液流速率随地下水矿化度升高而先升高后降低, 咸水处理下树干液流速率日变幅最大, 日液流量最高。淡水、微咸水和盐水处理下日液流速率平均值分别比咸水处理降低61.8%、13.1%和41.9%。咸水矿化度下柽柳有较高的光合特性, 在蒸腾耗水较严重的情况下可实现高效生理用水, 适宜柽柳较好地生长。 相似文献