法夫酵母PLX-All发酵纤维素酶水解物合成虾青素*

法夫酵母（Phaffia rhodozyma)PLX-All菌株能够发酵纤维素酶水解物进行虾青素的生物合成。纤维素的酶解物主要为纤维二糖和葡萄糖,在另外添加适量其它营养物后可被法夫酵母发酵用于生长及合成虾青素。摇瓶试验结果表明,培养108h,法夫酵母的生物量可达2.3g／L,虾青素的产率达913.4g／g干细胞,虾青素体积产率为2.1mg／L。在2L罐的发酵试验中,法夫酵母的生物量可达3.23g／L（第96h）,虾青素的产率达581.4g／g干细胞,虾青素体积产率达1.88mg／L。     

法夫酵母PLX-ll发酵纤维素酶水解物合成虾青素

法夫酵母（Phaffiarhodozyma)PLX朅ll菌株能够发酵纤维素酶水解物进行虾青素的生物合成。纤维素的酶解物主要为纤维二糖和葡萄糖,在另外添加适量其它营养物后可被法夫酵母发酵用于生长及合成虾青素。摇瓶试验结果表明,培养108h,法夫酵母的生物量可达2.3g／L,虾青素的产率达913.4g／g干细胞,虾青素体积产率为2.1mg／L。在2L罐的发酵试验中,法夫酵母的生物量可达3.23g／L（第96h）,虾青素的产率达581.4g／g干细胞,虾青素体积产率达1.88mg／L。     

法夫酵母PLX-All发酵纤维素酶水解物合成虾青素

法夫酵母（Phaffia rhodozyma)PLX-All菌株能够发酵纤维素酶水解物进行虾青素的生物合成。纤维素的酶解物主要为纤维二糖和葡萄糖,在另外添加适量其它营养物后可被法夫酵母发酵用于生长及合成虾青素。摇瓶试验结果表明,培养108h,法夫酵母的生物量可达2.3g／L,虾青素的产率达913.4g／g干细胞,虾青素体积产率为2.1mg／L。在2L罐的发酵试验中,法夫酵母的生物量可达3.23g／L（第96h）,虾青素的产率达581.4g／g干细胞,虾青素体积产率达1.88mg／L。     

一株法夫酵母虾青素高产菌株的生产性能

为了评价虾青素高产菌株-法夫酵母JMU-MVP14的生产性能及建立虾青素高产发酵技术,通过测定糖、生物量、虾青素产量、总类胡萝卜素产量等发酵参数,用摇瓶试验对比了法夫酵母JMU-MVP14和出发菌株的差异,用7 L罐试验对比了pH值调控方式及补料培养基成分对发酵的影响,用1 m3罐试验评估了法夫酵母JMU-MVP14高密度发酵虾青素的产量水平。摇瓶发酵结果表明,法夫酵母JMU-MVP14虾青素及总类胡萝卜素的细胞产率分别达到6.01 mg/g及10.38 mg/g;7 L罐分批发酵试验结果表明,自动流加调     

补料工艺对两株法夫酵母菌株产虾青素的影响

【目的】考察不同补料工艺对法夫酵母菌株生长和虾青素合成的影响。【方法】对法夫酵母JMU-VDL668和JMU-MVP14菌株在7 L罐中进行分批及分批补料培养; 同时, 测定发酵过程中生物量、虾青素和葡萄糖含量的变化。【结果】采用恒DO补料, 法夫酵母JMU-VDL668菌株获得的生物量最大(64.6 g/L), 是分批培养的2.2倍; 采用恒pH补料发酵, 虾青素的产量最高(20.6 mg/L), 是分批培养的1.5倍。与JMU-VDL668菌株不同, 虾青素高产菌株JMU-MVP14菌株采用恒pH补料, 获得生物量最大(48.5 g/L), 但虾青素产量大大降低(仅17.5 mg/L); 采用脉冲补料, 虾青素产量最高, 达到414.1 mg/L, 与分批发酵相比提高了200.2%; 采用恒DO补料, 生物量(38.5 g/L)和虾青素产量(403.2?mg/L)增加显著, 与分批发酵相比分别提高了133.1%和192.3%。【结论】不同补料工艺对法夫酵母菌株生产虾青素影响很大。其中, 采用恒pH补料工艺, 法夫酵母JMU-VDL668菌株可以获得最高的虾青素产量, 而采用脉冲补料工艺, 最适于法夫酵母JMU-MVP14菌株发酵生产虾青素。     

法夫酵母PLX—A11发酵纤维素酶水解物合成虾青素

法夫酵母（Ｐｈａｆｆｉａ ｒｈｏｄｏｚｙｍａ）ＰＬＸ－Ａ１１菌株能够发酵纤维素酶水解物进行虾青素的生物合成。纤维素的酶解物主要为纤维二糖和葡萄糖,在另外添加适量其它营养物后可被法夫酵母发酵用于生长及俣成虾青素。摇瓶试验结果表明,培养１０８ｈ,法夫酵母的生物量可达２．３ｇ／Ｌ,虾青素的产率达９１３．４μｇ／ｇ干细胞,虾青素体积产率为２．１ｍｇ／Ｌ。在２Ｌ罐的发酵试验中,法夫酵母的生物量可达３．２３ｇ     

虾青素高产菌的选育

红发夫酵母（Phaffia rhodozyma)是微生物发酵法生产虾青素的优良菌株,作者采用Cs^137-γ射线重复辐照,并进行亚硝基胍（NTG）诱变处理,选育得到一株高产虾青素的红发夫酵母YB-20-28突变株,该菌株摇瓶发酵的生物量达老人家酵母YB-20-28突变株,该菌株摇瓶发酵的生物量达36.3g/L,总色素含量为1216.0μg/g,较出发菌株提高308%,虾青素产量达30.9μg/mL,是一株颇具开发潜力的虾青素高产菌株。     

低能离子注入诱变选育高产虾青素红法夫酵母突变株

红法夫酵母(Phaffia rhodozyma)是发酵法生产虾青素的优良菌株。采用低能氩离子注入、紫外线复合诱变处理,选育到一株高产虾青素的红法夫酵母突变株G993。在优化条件下,该菌株摇瓶发酵的生物量、虾青素产量和虾青素含量分别为17.15 g/L、13 206μg/L和770.0μg/g干菌体,较出发菌株分别提高45.34%、271.5%和155.6%。在1吨发酵罐放大实验中,该菌株生物量为26.04 g/L,虾青素产量达到20 041μg/L。菌株经过八次传代培养,虾青素产量下降率小于等于1.35%,是一株性状较稳定、可深入开发研究的优良菌株。     

正十二烷强化氧传递促进法夫酵母虾青素的合成

对虾青素的氧载体强化氧传递双液相发酵进行了研究。实验结果表明,添加正十二烷(作为氧载体)可提高法夫酵母发酵时的溶氧水平,促进虾青素的合成:添加正十二烷 0.5-1.0%(w/v),虾青素产量随正十二烷添加量逐步提高,最高时达到3.0mg/L,对照组虾青素产率为2.15mg/L;当正十二烷浓度大于2%时,对虾青素的合成表现出明显抑制作用;而正十二烷的添加对细胞的干重没有表现出促进作用。因此虾青素产量的提高是单位质量细胞的虾青素合成效率提高的结果。罐上实验结果表明,发酵开始后的12-24 h时段的溶氧水平对于虾青素的整个合成周期的合成活性至关重要,为发酵供氧进行分段控制提供了依据。根据法夫酵母虾青素合成活性与细胞呼吸活性之间的关系,推测法夫酵母合成虾青素过程对氧的依赖可能与柠檬酸生产菌有着相似的机制。     

高产虾青素的红发夫酵母菌种的选育*

红发夫酵母（Phaffia　rhodozyma）是发酵法生产虾青素的优良菌株。本文采用Cs137-γ射线重复辐照,并交替进行亚硝基胍（NTG）诱变处理,选育得到一株高产虾青素的红发夫酵母YB-20-29突变株。该菌株摇瓶发酵的生物量达36.32g/L,总色素含量为1216.0μg/g,较原始菌株提高308％,虾青素产量达30.9μg/mL,是一株很有开发前景的虾青素高产菌株。     

法夫酵母分批发酵虾青素动力学研究

通过三联30L全自动发酵罐对虾青素产生菌法夫酵母的分批发酵动力学进行了研究,结果表明,法夫酵母的生长与限制性基质葡萄糖浓度之间符合Logistic方程,建立了细胞生长、产物合成和基质消耗随时间变化的数学模型。应用MATLAB软件对发酵动力学模型进行最优参数估计和非线性拟和,获得最大比生长速率（umax）和产物得率（Yp/x）分别为0.1829/h、0.1524g/g,虾青素分批发酵中细胞生长与产物合成属于偶联型,模型模拟计算结果和实验值能较好地吻合,动力学研究结果表明该模型能较好地反映细胞的生长、底物消耗和产物合成过程机制。     

基于动力学模型的法夫酵母发酵生产虾青素的补料策略优化

对法夫酵母的不同补料发酵方式进行了研究.基于底物抑制模型,提出了一种优化的两阶段补料策略,用于法夫酵母产虾青素的高密度发酵.在发酵的延迟期和对数生长期早期,糖浓度控制在25 g/L左右,在此条件下,生物量可以达到最大,且时间缩短.在对数生长期后期及稳定期,糖浓度控制在5 g/L,虾青素的合成时间可以有效延长.与传统的补料方式相比,采用此补料策略取得了较好的发酵效果.发酵终点细胞干重达到23.8g/L,虾青素产量达到29.05 mg/L,分别比分批发酵提高了52.8%和109%.     

Perfusion culture process plus H2O2 stimulation for efficient astaxanthin production by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous

A semicontinuous perfusion culture process (repeated medium renewal with cell retention) was evaluated together with batch and repeated fed-batch processes for astaxanthin production in shake-flask cultures of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. The perfusion process with 25% medium renewal every 12 h for 10 days achieved a biomass density of 65.6 g/L, a volumetric astaxanthin yield of 52.5 mg/L, and an astaxanthin productivity of 4.38 mg/L-d, which were 8.4-fold, 5.6-fold, and 2.3-fold of those in the batch process, 7.8 g/L, 9.4 mg/L, and 1.88 mg/L-d, respectively. The incorporation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) stimulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis into the perfusion process further increased the astaxanthin yield to 58.3 mg/L and the productivity to 4.86 mg/L-d. The repeated fed-batch process with 8 g/L glucose and 4 g/L corn steep liquor fed every 12 h achieved 42.2 g/L biomass density, 36.5 mg/L astaxanthin yield, and 3.04 mg/L-d astaxanthin productivity. The lower biomass and astaxanthin productivity in the repeated fed-batch than in the perfusion process may be mostly attributed to the accumulation of inhibitory metabolites such as ethanol and acetic acid in the culture. The study shows that perfusion process plus H(2)O(2) stimulation is an effective strategy for enhanced astaxanthin production in X. dendrorhous cultures.     

Batch, fed-batch and repeated fed-batch fermentation processes of the marine thraustochytrid Schizochytrium sp. for producing docosahexaenoic acid

Different fermentation processes, including batch, fed-batch and repeated fed-batch processes by Schizochytrium sp., were studied and compared for the effective DHA-rich microbial lipids production. The comparison between different fermentation processes showed that fed-batch process was a more efficient cultivation strategy than the batch process. Among the four different feeding strategies, the glucose concentration feed-back feeding strategy had achieved the highest fermentation results of final cell dry weight, total lipids content, DHA content and DHA productivity of 72.37, 48.86, 18.38 g l^?1 and 138.8 mg l^?1 h^?1, respectively. The repeated fed-batch process had the advantages of reducing the time and cost for seed culture and inoculation between each fermentation cycles. The results of fermentation characteristics and lipid characterization of the repeated fed-batch process indicated that this repeated fed-batch process had promising industrialization prospect for the production of DHA-rich microbial lipids.     

Influence of Oxygen and Glucose on Primary Metabolism and Astaxanthin Production by Phaffia rhodozyma in Batch and Fed-Batch Cultures: Kinetic and Stoichiometric Analysis

The influence of the oxygen and glucose supply on primary metabolism (fermentation, respiration, and anabolism) and astaxanthin production in the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma was investigated. When P. rhodozyma grew under fermentative conditions with limited oxygen or high concentrations of glucose, the astaxanthin production rate decreased remarkably. On the other hand, when the yeast grew under aerobic conditions, the astaxanthin production rate increased with increasing oxygen uptake. A kinetic analysis showed that the respiration rate correlated positively with the astaxanthin production rate, whereas there was a negative correlation with the ethanol production rate. The influence of glucose concentration at a fixed nitrogen concentration with a high level of oxygen was then investigated. The results showed that astaxanthin production was enhanced by an initial high carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) present in the medium, but cell growth was inhibited by a high glucose concentration. A stoichiometric analysis suggested that astaxanthin production was enhanced by decreasing the amount of NADPH required for anabolism, which could be achieved by the repression of protein biosynthesis with a high C/N ratio. Based on these results, we performed a two-stage fed-batch culture, in which cell growth was enhanced by a low C/N ratio in the first stage and astaxanthin production was enhanced by a high C/N ratio in the second stage. In this culture system, the highest astaxanthin production, 16.0 mg per liter, was obtained.     

Repeated batch production of citric acid from sugarcane molasses using recycled solid-state surface culture ofAspergillus niger

Summary The recycled solid-state surface fermentation (SSF) culture ofAspergillus niger KCU520 was used for repeated batch production of citric acid from sugarcane molasses. The rate of citric acid production was doubled, reducing the fermentation time to half, compared to the normal single cycle batch submerged or surface fermentation process. About 80% sugar was converted to citric acid in five-day batch fermentation and three batches were carried out with the same fungal mat without any significant loss of productivity.     

乳酸钠促进法夫酵母虾青素合成代谢流作用分析

【目的】研究乳酸钠(一种糖代谢产物)的加入对法夫酵母JMU-VDL668发酵过程中细胞生长和虾青素合成的影响。【方法】分别在摇瓶和7 L发酵罐实验基础上,采用代谢通量分析的方法分析添加乳酸钠对法夫酵母菌株JMU-VDL668合成虾青素代谢流的影响。【结果】在7 L发酵罐实验中添加乳酸钠,虾青素产量最高可达17.70 mg/L,与对照组相比提高26%。代谢通量分析表明,乳酸钠可以调节丙酮酸、乙酰辅酶A节点处的代谢通量分布,乳酸在乳酸脱氢酶的作用下可以直接进入代谢网络的后半程,乙酰辅酶A的通量和进入TCA循环的通量得到了显著加强。【结论】乳酸钠的加入提供了更多的乙酰辅酶A等前体物质和能量供给,因此促进了虾青素的合成。     

法夫酵母高密度培养及虾青素的高产研究*

本文对法夫酵母Phaffia rhodozyma的不同流加培养模式进行了研究。实验结果表明,采用指数流加,虾青素产率和细胞干重具有较大值,分别达到14.52mg/l和32.56g/l;其次是恒pO2流加和恒速流加培养,虾青素产率分别达到8.89mg/l和6.70mg/l; 恒pH流加方式更有利于法夫酵母细胞的生长(14.62g/l DCW)。但是,不同流加培养模式所得的μmax和qasta具有较大的差距。恒pH、恒pO2流加培养及间歇培养有较大值,分别为0.0613 h-1、0.056 h-1、0.053 h-1;指数流加的μmax较小。间歇培养中虾青素生成比率最大,qasta=0.048×10-3h-1。