墨旱莲提取物抑菌活性初步研究

对药用植物墨旱莲Eclipta prostrata提取物的抑菌活性物质进行研究。结果表明：（1）通过不同部位提取物的抑菌试验,发现只有叶和根茎含有抑菌活性物质;（2）墨旱莲提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、藤黄球菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.6、2.0、0.8、1.0 g/mL,最小杀菌浓度均为1.0 g/mL,对白色念珠菌有很强的抑菌作用,但对黑曲霉无效;（3）通过不同极性溶剂的抑菌试验表明,抑细菌活性物质易溶于石油醚、乙醚等非极性溶剂,具有最佳抑细菌效果的提取溶剂为偏碱性的65%乙醇溶液;（4）墨旱莲的抑菌活性物质可能为黄酮类物质。     

马尾松毛虫肠道产细菌素细菌的筛选及抑菌特性

[背景]细菌素是一类由细菌产生的抗菌肽活性物质,对多种致病菌有抑制和杀灭作用.昆虫是世界上种类最多、肠道菌群资源最为丰富且多样的动物类群之一.昆虫肠道很可能蕴含着丰富的产细菌素菌种资源.[目的]以马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimuspunctatu)幼虫为研究材料,对其肠道细菌进行分离、培养和鉴定,获得对典型致病菌有明显...     

华南十大功劳提取物抑菌活性初步研究

以超声提取和索氏提取方法,比较华南十大功劳叶和茎提取物经不同溶剂和不同极性萃取物萃取的抑菌活性大小。结果表明,叶和茎均含有抑菌活性物质,而叶的抑菌效果更强;索氏提取物与超声提取抑菌效果差异不大;华南十大功劳提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、藤黄球菌、白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.6 g/mL、1.0 g/mL、0.8 g/mL、1.0 g/mL、2.0 g/mL;其最小杀菌浓度均为2.0 g/mL,但其对黑曲霉没有抑制作用;不同溶剂提取物中,无水甲醇溶液提取物具有最佳抑菌效果。提取物易溶解于极性萃取物。5种敏感菌对华南十大功劳提取物的敏感性由强到弱依次为：金黄色葡萄球菌菌＞枯草杆菌＞藤黄球菌＞大肠杆菌＞白色念珠菌。     

Chemical and immunochemical characterization of limulus factor G-activating substance of Candida spp.

The limulus test is a well-established method for the diagnosis of both gram (-) sepsis and invasive fungal infection. To diagnose deep-seated fungal infections, a (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan-specific chromogenic kit (Fungitec G test MK) has been developed and applied clinically. It is suggested that the limulus reactive substance was released from the fungi to the blood, however, its chemical properties were not precisely examined in detail because of the limited quantity available. In this study, we used chemically defined liquid medium to culture Candida spp. and collected the water soluble fraction, CAWS. The yield of CAWS was circa 100 mg/l, independent of the strain of Candida. CAWS reacted with limulus factor G (Fungitec G test MK) at concentrations as low as 100 ng/ml. Limulus factor G reactivity of CAWS was sensitive to (1-->3)-beta-glucanase, zymolyase and was, at least in part, bound to ConA-agarose. The ConA-bound fraction also reacted with anti-beta-glucan antibody. CAWS is mainly composed of mannan and (1-->6)-beta-glucan, in addition to protein, assessed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. CAWS also reacted with typing sera of Candida spp., specific for cell wall mannan. Chemical, immunochemical and biochemical analyses of CAWS strongly suggested that the limulus factor G-activating substance was a mannan-beta-glucan complex, present within the architecture of the yeast cell wall.     

Experiments to illustrate the effect of chlorpromazine on the permeability of the bacterial cell wall

The present investigation has been made to illustrate whether the cell walls of micro-organisms are affected by membrane stabilizers. In vitro experiments were carried out with S. aureus under the influence of chlorpromazine (CPZ). De-pigmentation and a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of CPZ on the micro-organisms were seen. It has been shown that concentrations of CPZ near the bacteriostatic value, in combination with bacterial haemolysins, alters erythrocyte membranes (horse and rabbit) in such a way that they become resistant to haemolysis. It has been shown that CPZ in bacteriostatic concentration probably changes the transport of potassium through the bacterial membrane in the same manner as described for mammalian muscle tissue.     

耐极端环境真菌对犬小孢子菌及孢子丝菌的拮抗研究

目的 检测极端环境分离出的真菌拮抗临床病原真菌的活性.方法 选用极端环境分离出的24株真菌菌株上清液及菌丝体的提取液,来进行临床病原真菌（孢子丝菌和犬小孢子菌）的拮抗试验,采用M38-A2产孢丝状真菌抗真菌药物敏感性试验方案和E-test纸片扩散法.结果 抑菌圈直径≥1.0 cm,具有较强拮抗孢子丝菌活性的极端环境真菌有8株;抑菌圈直径≥2.0 cm,具有极强拮抗犬小孢子菌的活性的极端环境真菌有1株.两种临床菌株的拮抗试验,90％的拮抗结果相一致.结论 70％极端环境真菌菌株上清液及菌丝体提取液具有拮抗临床病原真菌孢子丝菌和犬小孢子菌的活性.     

抗菌肽对糜烂型OLP患者唾液中真菌的影响

抗菌肽经临床研究,发现具有抗生素不具备的优点,可对糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓(oral lichen planus,OLP)患者唾液中真菌有抑制和杀菌的作用,弥补了抗生素的缺点。通过使用不同浓度、不同种类的抗菌肽,作用于自糜烂型OLP患者口腔唾液标本中提取并经鉴定的菌种,对三种常见菌——白色念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌进行抑菌试验。结果表明,抗菌肽使用前后的数值比对、菌落生长情况、最小抑菌值有明显变化。发现RISE-AP12对三种常见真菌的抑菌、杀菌效果优于其他的抗菌肽,在临床上有较大应用前景。     

Investigation of activity of new quaternary imidazole-linear chlorides against selected bacterial strains. Synthesis of 2-alkyl-3-alkymethyl-1-ethylimidazolelinear and 2-alkyl-3-alkoxymethyl-1-ethylimidazolelinear chlorides]

Synthesis and bacteriostatic properties of a new alkylthiomethylimidazole-linear and alkomethyly-limidazole-linear chlorides was described. It was found that these chlorides are active against bacilli, cocci and yeast-like fungi and express lower activity against rods. Highest activity was observed with 2-benzyl-3-decyloxymethyl-1--ethylimidazolinear and 1-ethyl-heptadecyl-3-undecyloxymethylimidazolelinear chlorides.     

A Method for the Determination of Antimicrobial Properties of Treated Fabrics

A method has been presented for evaluating the effectiveness of fabrics treated with antimicrobial agents to resist growth of contaminating organisms. The method consists of direct inoculation of the fabric with suitable test organisms and the subsequent enumeration of growing colonies which develop when the fabric is implanted in a nutrient medium.The method is sensitive, versatile, easy to perform, highly reproducible, and realistically evaluates the practical effectiveness of residual antimicrobial agents on fabrics.Data are given which demonstrate the sensitivity of the method to small differences in antimicrobial concentrations. The versatility of the method is shown by the variety of antimicrobial agents and organisms which have been utilized. Both bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity can be evaluated.     

庐山外生菌根真菌的分布

早在一个世纪以前,人们就发现自然界中许多高等植物与真菌存在共生关系,并把这种共生体叫做菌根（Ｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａ）,最常见的菌根分为内生菌根（Ｅｎｄｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａ）和外生菌根（Ｅｎｔｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａ）。据Ｔｒｐｐｅ的调查［１］,能够形成菌根的真菌很多,与木本植物形成外生菌根的真菌多属于伞菌、多孔菌、腹菌等计有１１目３０科９０多个属;在植物界除了水生植物和极少数陆生植物种属外都能形成菌根。我国已报道能形成外生菌根的真菌约２８个科６３个属［２．４］。庐山是…     

生防链霉菌ZM-16的发酵产物生物活性及其微波诱变育种

【目的】链霉菌ZM-16对多种细菌有良好的抑菌作用,其发酵产物的主要活性物质为放线菌素D。本研究旨在进一步探讨其抗真菌活性,并通过诱变育种的方法对菌种进行改良,以提高活性物质的产量,从而为其在植物病害生物防治领域的实践应用奠定基础。【方法】利用液体发酵的方法获取活性产物并对其进行粗提取;利用抑菌圈法检测菌株发酵产物对11种植物病原真菌的抑制作用;通过微波处理并利用抗生素抗性筛选的方法对菌株进行诱变育种。【结果】粗提液对11种植物病原真菌均具有抑菌效果,最为明显的3种病菌分别是苹果炭疽病菌、油菜菌核病菌和禾谷镰刀病菌;经微波诱变筛选到了一株耐利福平突变株,其放线菌素D的产量提高了36.75%;传代研究表明其经过10代选育,遗传稳定性较好。【结论】链霉菌ZM-16的发酵产物具有良好的抗植物病原真菌的活性,经过育种后其活性产物产量也有所提高,因此具有较高的实际应用价值。     

The antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichen Cetraria aculeata and its protolichesterinic acid constituent

In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the acetone, diethyl ether and ethanol extracts of the lichen Cetraria aculeata has been investigated. The extracts were tested against twelve bacteria and eight fungi and found active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes. No antimicrobial activity against the fungi was detected. It was determined that only one substance in the extracts has antimicrobial activity and it was characterized as protolichesterinic acid. The MICs of the extracts and protolichesterinic acid were also determined.     

中药鹿藿的抑菌实验研究

研究发现中药鹿藿在体外可瞬间抑制人类精子的运动。为了研究中药鹿藿的抑菌作用,本实验对几种女性生殖道常见致病菌和条件致病菌进行了体外抑菌实验,发现鹿藿对金黄色葡萄球菌、淋病奈瑟氏菌和大肠杆菌有抑制作用,并可抑制常见耐药菌株的生长。金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC折合生药为31.25mg/mL,大肠杆菌的MIC250mg/mL,淋球菌的MIC为31.25mg/mL。结果表明中药鹿藿在能有效抑制精子运动的浓度可以抑制某些男、女性生殖道常见细菌的生长。     

Hydrolysis of bile acid conjugates by selected fungi

Summary Fungi which have been previously shown to hydrolyse glycocholic acid, with liberation of the free bile acid, have now been shown to be similarly capable of hydrolysing glycodeoxycholic acid. Sodium taurocholate, however, is much less susceptible and its hydrolysis has been demonstrated with only one of the selected fungi, Penicillium chrysogenum, growing in a medium containing the conjugate as the sole sulphur source. It is concluded that the nature of the amino acid moiety is important in determining the ease of hydrolysis of bile acid conjugates by whole cells of the fungi under test.     

Properties and characteristics of a bacteriocin-like substance produced by Propionibacterium acnes isolated from dental plaque

A cell-associated bacteriocinlike substance with an approximate molecular weight of 78,000 was isolated from an oral isolate of Propionibacterium acnes. The substance was bacteriostatic and was active against both gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes. Lysozyme inhibited the activity of the bacteriocinlike substance at low ionic strength.     

从南方山荷叶分离出一株产鬼臼毒素类似物的内生真菌

从南方山荷叶 (Diphylleiasinensis)的根、根状茎及叶柄部位共分离出 5 4株内生真菌。通过薄层层析(TLC)对 5 4株内生真菌的液体发酵培养物进行了初步分析 ,再采用高效液相色谱 (HPLC)做进一步检测 ,得到 1株产鬼臼毒素类似物的内生真菌 (SJ2 1 ) ,经鉴定为纠错青霉 (Penicilliumimplicatum)。     

Antifungal Activity in Passiflora Species

A substance toxic to a considerable number of fungi has beenfound in 27 species and four hybrids of Passiflora and in somegenera of the related families, Turneraceae and Flacourtiaceae.It is found in living tissues particularly after wounding. Theactive principle moves from living tissues into agar and intowater. It can be extracted from water diffusates by organicsolvents.     

食用菌鲜味物质研究进展

本文介绍了食用菌鲜味物质的研究进展,可以为食用菌调味品的开发提供理论基础和指导。文章主要综述了食用茼鲜味物质氨基酸和核苷酸的组成、呈鲜特点、提取以及食用菌在调味品中的开发现状。食用菌中氨基酸和核苷酸类的含量都比较高,是食用菌重要的鲜味物质。这些鲜味物质的酶法提取比传统方法的效果好、提取率高。当今食用菌调味品生产工艺简单,大多为粗加工品,且食用菌中的鲜味物质和其它的功能性成分没有充分释放出来,需要研发新方法来充分释放其中的鲜味物质及其它的营养成分,并且要加强食用菌抽提物产品研制的新技术。     

抗金黄色葡萄球菌卵黄抗体的制备及活性研究

目的:制备金黄色葡萄球菌特异性卵黄抗体并考察其活性。方法:采用灭活的金黄色葡萄球菌免疫产蛋母鸡,通过水稀释法、硫酸铵和硫酸钠盐析及凝胶过滤法分离、纯化抗体。抗体效价测定及体外抑菌试验分别采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和液体培养基比浊法。结果:纯化所得抗体纯度达95.10%,回收率为20.08%。抗体对金黄色葡萄球菌具有特异性,效价最高可达1:6400。体外抑菌试验表明,抗体抑菌活随IgY浓度的增加而增强,当特异性IgY的浓度为10mg/ml时,能完全抑制细菌生长。结论:抗体制备及纯化所述方法简便、可行,所制抗体具有特异性和抑菌活性。     

A unique marker of Pseudomonas from the first group of rRNA homology--selective sensitivity to the bacteriostatic action of barium ions]

On the basis of the study of the bacteriostatic action of chlorides and nitrates of barium and 24 other metals on 18 Pseudomonas species of all groups of rRNA homology and on 49 bacterial species belonging to 25 other genera, unique selective sensitivity to the bacteriostatic action of Ba2+ ions has been established in Pseudomonas of the first group of rRNA homology. The marker of barium sensitivity is in line with changes in the classification of Pseudomonas and is of interest for their further more precise systematization. The test for barium sensitivity of bacteria helps simplify the identification of Pseudomonas of the first group of rRNA homology and makes the identification more accurate.