全国植物生长物质学术讨论会

中国植物生理学会和中国植物学会于1989年4月17日至21日在江苏南京市联合召开了全国植物生长物质学术讨论会。来自北京、上海、江苏等16个省市的52位植物激素工作者参加了会议。会议的议程有:①交流近几年来我国科技人员在植物生长物质研究方面的成果;②介绍1988年7月在加拿大召开的第13届国际植物生长物质会议的情况;③讨论1991年在北京召开第14届国际植物生长物质会议的筹备工作。     

新型的植物生长调节物质——芸苔甾体类

植物界尤其是在高等植物中存在着许多结构各异的植物生长调节物质。生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素、脱落酸及乙烯是人们熟悉的在植物界中广泛存在的植物生长调节物质,被称为植物激素。它们已经在农、林业上得到普遍的应用。此外,科学家们亦发现一些脂肪酸及     

新型植物生长物质—BRs研究的进展

1979年,人们首次从油菜花粉中分离出油菜素内酯(brassinolide)[BR]。由于这个新型内酯具有独特的生理活性,所以被认为这是自赤霉素发现以来植物生长物质领域里最重要的发现。近10年中,油菜素内酯及与其有关的植物生长物质-油菜素内酯衍生物(brassinosteroids)[BR_s]的研究已有了很大进展。这组新的植物生长物质被誉为第六种类型的植物激素。     

加拿大李宗霆博士在郑州讲学

1989年10月12～14日,河南省科学技术委员会、河南省植物生理学会和河南省农业科学院实验中心三单位联合邀请加拿大农业部伦敦研究中心高级研究员李宗霆博士来郑州作了“植物激素与农业”学术报告,分为国外植物激素研究的进展;植物生长素:代谢、调节与植物生长;植物激素与光合作用产物运输的关     

水稻根分泌激素调节生长速度

植物激素是植物体内合成的一类重要小分子物质,其含量可因外界条件变化而改变,并作为信号物质调控植物生长发育和适应环境。水培所用介质体积过小会造成植物生长受限、植株矮小,通常认为是小体积生长介质中营养成分不足所致。研究表明,在不同体积且不含任何营养物质的纯水中培养的水稻(Oryza sativa)亦表现出不同的生长速度,幼...     

植物激素和生长调节物质的物理、化学和生物学特性

植物激素和生长调节物质的研究是植物生理学领域中的重要内容之一,它不仅在植物生理理论研究上占有重要地位,而且对植物生长发育的基本规律和代谢过程的调节控制都有密切关系,同时它在农业上的应用范围和效果,也逐渐扩大和日益明显。但是每一种激素或生长调节物质,在植物生理上都     

植物激素ABA调控植物根系生长的研究进展

脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)是一种重要的植物激素,在调控种子发育、种子休眠与萌发、抑制生长、促进落花落果、参与植物应对外界环境胁迫等过程中发挥着重要的生理功能。ABA还能与其他植物激素(如生长素、乙烯等)互作进而精细调控植物根系的生长。本文以模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh)为主要对象,对近年来国内外在ABA调控植物根系生长方面的研究成果、ABA与其他植物激素(如GA等)互作调控根系生长及调控非生物逆境下根系发育的机理等进行综述,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

植物激素ABA调控植物根系生长的研究进展北大核心CSCD

脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)是一种重要的植物激素,在调控种子发育、种子休眠与萌发、抑制生长、促进落花落果、参与植物应对外界环境胁迫等过程中发挥着重要的生理功能。ABA还能与其他植物激素(如生长素、乙烯等)互作进而精细调控植物根系的生长。本文以模式植物拟南芥( Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh)为主要对象,对近年来国内外在ABA调控植物根系生长方面的研究成果、ABA与其他植物激素(如GA等)互作调控根系生长及调控非生物逆境下根系发育的机理等进行综述,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

植物激素ABA调控植物根系生长的研究进展

脱落酸（abscisic acid,ABA）是一种重要的植物激素,在调控种子发育、种子休眠与萌发、抑制生长、促进落花落果、参与植物应对外界环境胁迫等过程中发挥着重要的生理功能。ABA还能与其他植物激素（如生长素、乙烯等）互作进而精细调控植物根系的生长。本文以模式植物拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana（L.）Heynh）为主要对象,对近年来国内外在ABA调控植物根系生长方面的研究成果、ABA与其他植物激素（如GA等）互作调控根系生长及调控非生物逆境下根系发育的机理等进行综述,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

植物激素调控微藻储能物质积累研究进展

微藻储能物质(碳水化合物、脂类等)可以作为生物燃料和生物基化学品的可再生原料。非生物胁迫(高光强、高盐度、营养盐限制、重金属等)传统诱导微藻储能物质积累的方法影响微藻的生长,从而限制了储能物质的高效积累。植物激素作为化学信使协调植物细胞活动的一类小分子物质,可对微藻的生理代谢活动产生调控作用,包括促进微藻细胞分裂,增加胁迫耐受,提高光合作用效率,从而提高藻类生物量,增加油脂、叶绿素和蛋白质含量。本文中,笔者概述了近年来国内外利用外源添加植物激素结合非生物胁迫条件调控微藻储能物质积累的研究进展,探讨了植物激素对微藻储能物质积累的作用机制,并提出未来可能的研究方向。     

Enhancement of Overall Plant Growth,a New Response to Brassins

SPECIFIC responses involving plant growth and behaviour are obtained with plant hormones and synthetic growth-regulating substances¹. Enhancement of overall growth involving all parts of the plant has not been demonstrated with these substances. Using the fatty hormones, brassins, we increased repeatedly the overall growth of bean and some other kinds of plants in greenhouse conditions during the past 3 yr². These findings have broad implications for the existence of hormone control factors of a new type.     

多粘类芽胞杆菌对植物土传病害的防控及促生长作用研究进展

多粘类芽胞杆菌是具有极高应用价值和安全性的生防菌株,对人和动植物均无致病性,某些菌株能够分泌多肽蛋白、酶和植物激素等活性产物,这些产物能够防治植物土传病害并促进植物生长和增产。针对近年来多粘类芽胞杆菌在防治土传病害及植物促生长等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

Turnover of cell wall components during internode growth in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Merremia emarginata</Emphasis>

The internodes of Merremia emarginata plant showed exceptionally high stretchability throughout the development period. Therefore, it provides excellent material to study the changes undergoing during cell elongation. In this study, the influence of the hormone treatments (GA₃, PAA and NAA) on the wall component synthesis was analyzed in relation to elongation growth during internode development. A clear increasing trend of wall components was observed with increase in internode length. The non-esterified pectic substances were markedly correlated with internode length while esterified pectic substances showed correlation only in hormone treated internodes. Low molecular weight xyloglucans content showed correlation only in GA₃ and NAA treated internodes, while high molecular weight xyloglucans were significantly correlated with length of internodes treated with PAA and NAA.     

Gibberellin biosynthesis and the regulation of plant development

Gibberellins (GAs) form a large family of plant growth substances with distinct functions during the whole life cycle of higher plants. The rate of GA biosynthesis and catabolism determines how the GA hormone pool occurs in plants in a tissue and developmentally regulated manner. With the availability of genes coding for GA biosynthetic enzymes, our understanding has improved dramatically of how GA plant hormones regulate and integrate a wide range of growth and developmental processes. This review focuses on two plant systems, pumpkin and Arabidopsis, which have added significantly to our understanding of GA biosynthesis and its regulation. In addition, we present models for regulation of GA biosynthesis in transgenic plants, and discuss their suitability for altering plant growth and development.     

Further Evidence that Humic Substances Have the Potential to Modulate the Reproduction of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Humic isolates have previously been shown to modulate the reproduction of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas . The aim of this study was to find out if a hormone‐like effect is an intrinsic feature of humic substances. Therefore, the same nematode bioassay was used with ten humic substances (XAD and/or reverse osmosis isolates). The results confirmed the hormone‐like effect of humic substances, nine isolates significantly increased the numbers of offspring per worm, one isolate did not modulate the reproduction of C. elegans. This effect occurred with XAD isolates and with reverse osmosis isolates as well. Thus, this effect is an intrinsic feature of humic substances. This reproduction modulating potential of humic substances may be due to alkylaromatics that are major structural and photo stable structural components, rather than to sterols that are only minor structural components. This is a new view about the direct interactions of humic with aquatic organisms. The effects haven been mathematically modeled by a simple approach, considering a hormone‐like effect (β) and a non‐hormone like effect, such as nutrient effect (α) on growth. The different effects observed can be interpreted in terms of trade‐offs between these two competing mode of actions.     

Plant hormones and plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture

Summary This is a short review of the classical and new, natural and synthetic plant hormones and growth regulators (phytohormones) and highlights some of their uses in plant tissue culture. Plant hormones rarely act alone, and for most processes— at least those that are observed at the organ level—many of these regulators have interacted in order to produce the final effect. The following substances are discussed: (a) Classical plant hormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene and growth regulatory substances with similar biological effects. New, naturally occurring substances in these categories are still being discovered. At the same time, novel structurally related compounds are constantly being synthesized. There are also many new but chemically unrelated compounds with similar hormone-like activity being produced. A better knowledge of the uptake, transport, metabolism, and mode of action of phytohormones and the appearance of chemicals that inhibit synthesis, transport, and action of the native plant hormones has increased our knowledge of the role of these hormones in growth and development. (b) More recently discovered natural growth substances that have phytohormonal-like regulatory roles (polyamines, oligosaccharins, salicylates, jasmonates, sterols, brassinosteroids, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucosides, turgorins, systemin, unrelated natural stimulators and inhibitors), as well as myoinositol. Many of these growth active substances have not yet been examined in relation to growth and organized developmentin vitro.     

植物激素在苔藓生长发育与逆境响应过程中的作用机制研究进展

植物激素是由植物自身代谢产生的一类从产生部位移动到作用部位发挥调控功能的微量小分子有机物质,在植物生长发育、响应环境胁迫过程中起到关键作用.苔藓植物作为早期登陆的非维管植物,处于陆生植物进化早期的阶段,具有许多不同于维管植物的形态和生理特征.大部分苔藓中普遍存在8种主要的植物激素及其衍生物(包括ABA、JA、ET、SA...     

Salicylic acid-induced photosynthetic adaptability of Zea mays L. to polyethylene glycol-simulated water deficit is associated with nitric oxide signaling

Photosynthetica - Salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) form a new group of plant growth substances that cooperatively interact to promote plant growth and productivity. Water deficit (WD)...     

软枣猕猴桃‘天源红'离体再生体系的建立

为了建立快速高效的全红型软枣猕猴桃离体再生体系,该研究以果皮、果肉均为红色的软枣猕猴桃新品种‘天源红’( Actinidia arguta)带腋芽茎段和幼嫩叶片、叶柄为外植体材料,采用组织培养的方法,研究适合其离体再生的外植体类型以及最佳植物生长物质组合。结果表明：初春带腋芽的茎段是最好的获得无菌苗的外植体材料,诱导腋芽出芽的最佳植物生长物质组合为MS＋6－BA 0.5 mg·L-1＋IBA 1.0 mg·L-1;研究发现叶柄比叶片更适合进行‘天源红’愈伤组织诱导,叶柄诱导的最佳植物生长物质组合为MS＋ZT 0.5 mg·L-1;同时,研究了不定芽增殖的最佳植物生长物质组合为MS＋ZT 1.0 mg·L-1;此外使用6－BA也可以达到较高的不定芽增殖率,在生产上可以替代ZT进行不定芽分化,即MS＋6－BA 2.0 mg·L-1＋IBA 0.5 mg·L-1;较适宜的生根培养基为1/2 MS＋NAA 0.2 mg·L-1;生根后的组培苗在珍珠岩∶泥炭∶细沙＝1∶1∶1的基质配比中能够达到98％的移栽成活率。该研究结果建立了全红型软枣猕猴桃的离体再生体系,为全红型软枣猕猴桃苗木快繁、工厂化育苗提供了技术支持,同时建立的再生体系为软枣猕猴桃遗传转化研究提供了基础。