Reviews of publications

Book reviewed in this article:
The Biology of the Tardigrades, by Ian M. Kinchin
Oecophorine Genera of Australia, Vol 1 The Wingia Group (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). Monographs on Australia Lepidoptera 3, by Ian F. B. Common
Parasitoids. Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology, by H. C. J. Godfray
Predation and Defence amongst Reptiles, by J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson
The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic, by A. R. Pittaway
The Brackish Water Fauna of Northwestern Europe, by R. S. K. Barnes
Fishes of the World, by Joseph S. Nelson     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
BONING, J.: The insect ovary. Ultrastructure, previtello-genic growth and evolution
ROBINSON, G. S.; NIELSEN, E. S.: Tineid Genera of Australia. Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera, Vol. 2
COMMON, I. F. B.: Oecophorine genera of Australia I. The Wingia group. Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera, Vol. 3
REAL, L. A. (ed.): Ecological genetics
KRIMBAS, C. B.: Drosophila subobscura. Biology, Genetics and Inversion Polymorphism
BENECKE, N.: Der Mensch und seine Haustiere     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
General/Theoretical: The Fishing Culture of the World: Studies in Ethnology, Cultural Ecology and Folklore, Vol. 1.
General/Theoretical: The Fishing Culture of the World: Studies in Ethnology, Cultural Ecology and Folklore, Vol. 2.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
NIELSEN, E. S.; EDWARDS, D. S.; RANGSI, T. V. (eds): Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera,
CALDER A A.: Click-beetles: genera of Australian Elateridae (Coleoptera). Monographs on invertebrate taxonomy
HARTL, B.; MARKOWSKI, (eds): Ecological genetics in mammals 11. Acta Theriologica
BAUER, K.; SCHREIBER, A.: Primate phylogeny from a human perspective.     

Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 1: Lorises, Lemurs and Tarsiers: Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 2: New World Monkeys: Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 3: Old World Monkeys and Apes

Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 1: Lorises, Lemurs and Tarsiers. Robert W. Sussman. Needham Heights. MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 1999. 284 pp.
Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 2: New World Monkeys. Robert W. Sussman. Needham Heights. MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2000. 207 pp.
Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 3: Old World Monkeys and Apes. Robert W. Sussman. Needham Heights. MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, in press.     

Frequency of alleles conferring resistance to the Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in Australian populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important lepidopteran pest of cotton (Gossypium spp.) in Australia and the Old World. From 2002, F2 screens were used to examine the frequency of resistance alleles in Australian populations of H. armigera to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) CrylAc and Cry2Ab, the two insecticidal proteins present in the transgenic cotton Bollgard II. At that time, Ingard (expressing Cry1Ac) cotton had been grown in Australia for seven seasons, and Bollgard II was about to be commercially released. The principal objective of our study was to determine whether sustained exposure caused an elevated frequency of alleles conferring resistance to Cry1Ac in a species with a track record of evolving resistance to conventional insecticides. No major alleles conferring resistance to Cry1Ac were found. The frequency of resistance alleles for Cry1Ac was <0.0003, with a 95% credibility interval between 0 and 0.0009. In contrast, alleles conferring resistance to Cry2Ab were found at a frequency of 0.0033 (0.0017, 0.0055). The first isolation of this allele was found before the widespread deployment of Bollgard II. For both toxins the experiment-wise detection probability was 94.4%. Our results suggest that alleles conferring resistance to Cry1Ac are rare and that a relatively high baseline frequency of alleles conferring resistance to Cry2Ab existed before the introduction of Bt cotton containing this toxin.     

AGENTS INTRODUCED INTO AUSTRALIA FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF GASCARDIA DESTRUCTOR (NEWSTEAD) (HEMIPTERA: COCCIDAE)

b
Six species of parasitic Hymenoptera and 1 predatory Lepidoptera from South Africa, and 1 Hymenoptera from New Zealand were liberated for biological control of white wax scale Gascardia destructor (Newstead) in Australia. Four of the South African Hymenoptera have become established and at least 2, Anicetus communis (Annecke) and Paraceraptrocerus nyasicus (Compere), are contributing to control of G. destructor in eastern Australia.     

Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
Ax, P.: Multicellular Animals. A new Approach to the Phylogenetic Order in Nature .
R idley , M.: Evolution 2^nd ed.
R idley , M: Evolution. CD-ROM .
X ianguang , H. & B ergström , J. 1997. Arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, south-west China .
P h . G randcolas (ed.) 1997: The origin of biodiversity in insects: phylogenetic tests of evolutionary scenarios .
S teinmann , H., 1997. World catalogue of Odonata. Vol. 1: Zygoptera, Vol. 2: Anisoptera .
J esses , S. 1997. Trace fossils from the Lower Cambrian Mickwitzia sandstone, south central Sweden .     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Game Theory in the Behavioral Sciences . Edited by Ira R. Buchler and Hugo G. Nutini. The Work of Administration in Nigeria . By D. J. Murray Man in Africa . Edited by Mary Douglas and Phyllis M. Kaberry World Archaeology . Published thrice yearly (February, June and October). Routledge and Regan Paul The Juntunen Site and the Late Woodland Prehistory of the Upper Great Lakes Area . By Alan McPherron The Social Context of Art in Northern New Ireland . By P. H. Lewis Matupit (Land, Politics, and Change among the Tolai of New Britain) . By A. L. Epstein A Grammar of Ngarinjin, Western Australia . By H. H. J. Coate and Lynette Oates Human Waya: Selected Essays in Anthropology . By J. P. Gillin Proper Peasants . By Edit Fél and-Tamás Hofer The Impact of Civilisation on the Biology of Man . Edited by S. V. Boy den Adoption in Eastern Oceania . Edited by V. Carroll Central Australian and Western Desert Regions: an annotated bibliography . Compiled by Beryl F. Craig Journey to Aboriginal Victoria , By Aldo Massola Quinkan Country-Adventures in Search of Aboriginal Cave Paintings in Cape York . By P. J. Trezise. A. H. & A. W. Reed The Dark Australians . By Douglass Baglin and David R. Moore Narratives from the North-West of Western Australia . By C. G. von Brandenstein Kunstetbnologie. Orondbegriffe, Methoden, Darstellung . By Herta Haselberger Maori Wood Sculpture of New Zealand . By T. Barrow. A. H. & A. W. Reed Archaeology in Western Samoa. Vol. 1 . Edited by R. C. Green and Janet M. Davidson Aboriginal Antiquities in Australia; their Nature and Preservation . Edited by F. D. McCarthy Black Australians . By Sir Paul Hasluck     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Ecosystems of the World. Vol. 13. Tropical Savannas . Edited by F. Bourlière. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Primates of the World: Distribution, Abundance and Conservation . By J. H. Wolfheim.
Bibliography of the Rhinoceros . By L. C. Rookmaaker. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.     

Reviews of publications

Book reviewed in this article:
Patterns of Injury and Illness in Great Apes, by N. C. Lovell
Moths of Australia, by I. F. B. Common
The Scientific Names of the British Lepidoptera. Their History and Meaning, by A. Maitland Emmet
Plant-Animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions, edited by P. W. Price, T. M. Lewinsohn, G. W. Fernandes and W. W. Benson
Searching Behaviour: The behavioural ecology of finding resources, by William J. Bell     

Book reviews

Book reviews in this article: Fauna of Australia. Vol. IB. Mammalia Edited by D. W. Walton and B. J. Richardson. Plant Physiological Ecology: Field Methods and Instrumentation Edited by R. W. Pearcy, J. Ehleringer, H. A. Mooney and P. W. Rundel. Fire in the Tropical Biota: Ecosystem Processes and Global Challenges Edited by J. G. Goldammer. Nature Conservation 2: The Role of Corridors Edited by D. A. Saunders and R. J. Hobbs.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Ecological theory and integrated pest management in practice. M. Kogan, editor World crop pests , Vol. 2. Aphids; their biology, natural enemies and control, PART A (Eds. A. K. Minks and P. Harrewijn)     

Book Review

Book reviewed in this article:
AUSTRALIAN WEEVILS. By E. C. Zimmerman. Vol. I: Primitive Weevils, Anthribidae to Attelabidae, pp. 1–741, with appendix, Nemonychidae of Australia, New Guinea and New Caledonia by G. Kuschel, 1994 ISBN 0 643 05145 7. Vol. II: Brentidae, Eurhynchidae, Apionidae, plus Introduction to Immature Stages of Australian Curculionoidea by Brenda M. May     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article: The European Rabbit: The History and Biology of a Successful Colonizer Edited by Harry V. Thompson and Carolyn M. King Dry coastal ecosystems: Ecosystems of the World, Vol. 2B. Regional studies in Africa, America, Asia and Oceania By P. Van der Maarel     

Book Review

Zoological Catalogue of Australia Vol. 27.3A Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhyncha to Cimicomorpha). Cassis, G. and Gross, G. F.     

Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Lycium (Solanaceae): inferences from chloroplast DNA sequences

Lycium comprises approximately 70 species and is disjunctly distributed in temperate to subtropical regions in South America, North America, southern Africa, Eurasia, and Australia. Among them, only Lycium sandwicense A. Gray sporadically occurs widely on oceanic islands in the Pacific Ocean. To investigate phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of the genus with emphasis on L. sandwicense, the coding region of matK, the two intergenic spacers trnT (UGU)-trnL (UAA) and trnL (UAA)-trnF (GAA), and the trnL (UAA) intron of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) were sequenced. A strict consensus tree resulting from the phylogenetic analysis indicates the following: (1) New World species comprise a potentially paraphyletic assemblage; (2) southern African, Australian, and Eurasian species together are monophyletic; (3) southern African species are a paraphyletic assemblage; and (4) L. sandwicense is in a clade with certain New World species. The estimated biogeographic events based on the cpDNA analysis indicate that (1) Lycium originated in the New World, (2) all southern African, Australian, and Eurasian species have a common ancestor from the New World, (3) Australian and Eurasian species originated once from a southern African progenitor, and (4) L. sandwicense differentiated from the New World species.     

The role of the North Atlantic Oscillation in controlling U.K. butterfly population size and phenology

1. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) exerts considerable control on U.K. weather. This study investigates the impact of the NAO on butterfly abundance and phenology using 34 years of data from the U.K. Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS).2. The study uses a multi-species indicator to show that the NAO does not affect overall U.K. butterfly population size. However, the abundance of bivoltine butterfly species, which have longer flight seasons, were found to be more likely to respond positively to the NAO compared with univoltine species, which show little or a negative response.3. A positive winter NAO index is associated with warmer weather and earlier flight dates for Anthocharis cardamines (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), Melanargia galathea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Aphantopus hyperantus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Pyronia tithonus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Lasiommata megera (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Polyommatus icarus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). In bivoltine species, the NAO affects the phenology of the first generation, the timing of which indirectly controls the timing of the second generation.4. The NAO influences the timing of U.K. butterfly flight seasons more strongly than it influences population size.     

Reviews of publications

Book reviewed in this article: Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates. Vol. VI. Echinoderms and Lophophorates, edited by A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse and V. B. Pearse. Pacific Grove, California, U.S.A. The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History, by T. B. Larsen. The Land and Freshwater Molluscs of Suffolk, by I. J. Killeen. Ipswich, U.K. Flycatcher. Memoirs of an Amateur Entomologist by K. A. Spencer. Ecosystems of the World 24. Intertidal and Littoral Ecosystems, edited by A. C. Mathieson and P. H. Nienhuis. Revision of the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), by Helmut Zibrowius and Stephen D. Cairns. Paris: Mémoires du Musée Nationale d'Histoire Naturellee, 1992. Animals and Disease. An Introduction to the History of Comparative Medicine, by L. Wilkinson. The Inevitable Bond. Examining Scientist-Animal Interactions, edited by H. Davis and D. Balfour. Martin Lister's English Spiders (1678), edited by J. Parker and B. Harley (translated by M. Davies and B. Harley)). The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs, edited by P. F. Sale. San Diego, USA: The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity, by M. J. Scoble. Bats. A Community Perspective, by J. S. Findley. The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Second Edition. Botanical monkeys, by E. J. H. Corner. The Biology of Millipedes, by S. P. Hopkin and H. J. Read. Mammals in the Palaearctic Desert: Status and Trends in the Sahara-Gobian Region, edited by J. A. McNeely and V. M. Neronov. Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora, edited by R. B. Williams, P. F. S. Cornelius, R. G. Hughes and E. A. Robson. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991. Animal Behaviour, 4th ed., by A. Manning and M. S. Dawkins. Weevils, Naturalists' Handbook 16, by M. G. Morris. Insects on Cabbage and Oilseed Rape. Naturalists' Handbooks 18, by W. D. J. Kirk.     

Book reviews

Book Reviewed in this article: Pesticide Impact on Stream Fauna with Special Reference to Macroinvertebrates R. C. Muirhead-Thomson The World Mining Industry: Investment Strategy and Public Policy. World Industry Studies No. 6 R. F. Mikesell and J. W. Whitney. Australian Arachnology Edited by A. D. Austin and N. W. Heather. Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Forests, Wetlands, and Agricultural Ecosystems. NATO ASI Series, Series G. Ecological Sciences, Vol. 16. T. C. Hutchinson, K. M. Meema. Environmental Policies in East and West Edited by G. Enyedi, A. J. Gijswijt and B. Rhode. The Koala — A Natural History Anthony Lee and Roger Martin.