谷氨酸棒杆菌1dh基因的敲除

谷氨酸棒杆菌中ldh基因编码乳酸脱氢酶,可催化丙酮酸转化生成乳酸.利用重叠延伸PCR的方法,获得中间缺失部分序列的dldh基因片段,将其与载体pk 18mobsacB连接,转化大肠杆菌感受态,筛选出阳性转化子后,转化谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC 13032感受态细胞.分别在卡那霉素抗性平板及10％蔗糖平板上进行两次筛选,利用PCR方法鉴定,成功获得ldh基因缺失的谷氨酸棒杆菌突变株ATCC 13032-(4)ldh.应用荧光定量PCR检测,ATCC 13032-(z)ldh中的ldh基因在转录水平与野生型菌株ATCC 13032相比,相对表达量为O.ldh基因的敲除对菌株的生长造成了一定的影响.     

谷氨酸棒杆菌metX、dapA基因敲除对苏氨酸合成的影响

谷氨酸棒杆菌中metX基因编码蛋氨酸合成途径关键酶高丝氨酸乙酰转移酶,dapA基因编码赖氨酸合成途径关键酶二氢吡啶二羧酸合成酶。为研究这两个基因缺失对苏氨酸积累的影响,以谷氨酸棒杆菌R102(AHVr)为出发菌株,通过重叠延伸PCR及同源重组技术分别构建了metX、dapA单基因缺失突变株R102ΔmetX、R102ΔdapA以及双基因缺失的突变株R102ΔmetXΔdapA。对出发菌以及上述3株重组菌进行初步摇瓶发酵试验,用HPLC法测定发酵液中苏氨酸含量。结果表明,发酵72 h后,3株重组菌的苏氨酸产量分别为2.58、2.38和3.01 g/L,比原始菌株分别提高了42.5%、31.5%和66.3%。     

地衣芽孢杆菌谷氨酸脱氢酶基因的克隆和特性

克隆了地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)谷氨酸脱氢酶基因(gdhA), 并研究其表达和功能. 发现野生型IRC-3 GDH-菌株和突变型IRC-8 GDH+菌株的gdhA基因都能互补大肠杆菌谷氨酸缺陷型菌Q100 GDH-的缺陷性状, 但突变型IRC-8 GDH+菌株的gdhA基因不能互补野生型IRC-3 GDH-菌株的谷氨酸缺陷性状. 经测序发现两者的核苷酸序列完全一致. gdhA基因在野生型IRC-3和突变型IRC-8中都能正常表达, 在野生型IRC-3细胞中未发现有抑制GDH活性的物质存在. 推测由于GDH翻译后调节的差异导致GDH表型的不同. 根据序列分析, 地衣芽孢杆菌GDH属于六聚体GDH中的家族Ⅰ, 而枯草芽孢杆菌GDH则属于家族Ⅱ, 两者间亲缘关系相距甚远.     

北京棒杆菌AS1.299高丝氨酸脱氢酶突变体L200F/D215K的异源表达及酶学性质

【目的】对北京棒杆菌Corynebacterium pekinense高丝氨酸脱氢酶(homoserine dehydrogenase,HSD)进行空间结构改造从而获得优良性能新酶。【方法】利用定点突变技术构建HSD双突变体L200F/D215A、L200F/D215E、L200F/D215G和L200F/D215K,并将其转入大肠杆菌E.coli BL21中进行高效表达,选取催化效率最高的双突变体L200F/D215K与双突变前的L200F进行动力学和酶学性质比较。【结果】HSD双突变体L200F/D215K的Vmax为36.92 U/mg,较L200F提高1.24倍;最适反应温度为37℃,较L200F提高2℃;最适反应pH为7.5,与L200F经验值相同;最适温度下的半衰期为4.16 h,较L200F提高1.12倍;L200F/D215K和L200F对有机溶剂和金属离子均表现出较好的抗性。【结论】HSD通过空间结构改造活力得到提高,并且其酶学性质得到优化。本研究有助于认识HSD突变体的酶学性质,为其新酶的研发利用提供有力依据。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌基因编辑的研究进展

谷氨酸棒杆菌是生产氨基酸、有机酸等的重要菌株,广泛应用于食品、医药领域。利用基因编辑技术对谷氨酸棒杆菌进行基因功能研究,在提高目的产物产量、发现新的基因功能等方面有重要意义。近年来,基因编辑技术发展日新月异,从基于同源重组的传统基因编辑技术到以人工核酸酶介导的基因编辑均在谷氨酸棒杆菌中得到合理应用。其中,CRISPR技术以其快速、简便、编辑效率高等优点成为现阶段研究者用于改造谷氨酸棒杆菌的主要技术,但是更为简单、高效的编辑手段依旧需要进一步研究开发,以获得优良菌株应用于工业生产中。     

谷氨酸生产菌S9114中的谷氨酸脱氢酶的研究

谷氨酸脱氢酶 (GDH)是谷氨酸生物合成的关键酶 ,谷氨酸棒杆菌S91 1 4是目前我国味精工业应用最广泛的生产菌种 ,其谷氨酸脱氢酶的研究尚未见报道。分离纯化该菌中的谷氨酸脱氢酶 ,研究其辅酶组成 ,对揭示谷氨酸脱氢酶的分子结构和性质 ,提高谷氨酸产率很有必要。将培养至对数期中期的细胞离心收集并用含适量DTT、ED TA的Tris_HCl缓冲液 (pH 7 5 )洗涤 ,用Frenchpressurecellpress破碎 ,离心去除菌体碎片得无细胞抽提液。然后使用 KTA_10 0快速纯化系统经DEAE_纤维素柱、疏水柱 (HIC)、G_2 0 0凝胶过滤柱层析得到纯化大约 70倍的以NAD PH为辅酶的GDH和部分纯化的以NADH辅酶的GDH。这两个酶分别对NADPH、NADH高度专一 ,不能相互代替。经HPLC和SDS_PAGE测得前一种酶的分子量和亚基分子量分别为 188kD和 32kD ,表明该酶为具有相同亚基的六聚体。酶活性测定使用HITACHIU_30 0 0分光光度计利用NAD(P)H在 340nm氧化的初速度进行。蛋白质含量测定利用Bradford方法进行 ,并以牛血清白蛋白为标准蛋白。纯化结果表明S91 1 4中确实存在两种GDH ,其中以NADH为辅酶的GDH尚未见报道。和某些具有两种GDH的微生物一样 ,S91 1 4可能也是以NADPH为辅酶的GDH参与谷氨酸的合成代谢 ,以NADH为辅酶的GDH参与谷氨酸的分解代谢。     

Analysis of a Corynebacterium glutamicum hom gene coding for a feedback-resistant homoserine dehydrogenase.

From a Corynebacterium glutamicum mutant possessing a homoserine dehydrogenase resistant to feedback inhibition by L-threonine, the corresponding gene (homFBR) was analyzed and compared with the wild-type hom gene. DNA fragment exchange experiments between both genes showed that a 0.23-kb region close to the 3' terminus of homFBR was responsible for deregulation. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a single transition from G to A in homFBR leading to replacement of glycine-378 by glutamate in the mutant homoserine dehydrogenase.     

谷氨酸棒杆菌海藻糖合成酶基因的克隆及功能鉴定

利用生物信息学手段,在GenBank数据库进行氨基酸的同源性检索分析,发现来自谷氨酸棒杆茵(Corynebacterium glutamicum)一功能未确定的ORF序列被注释为假设的海藻糖酶(putative trehalose sesynthase),它与已报道的海藻糖合成酶的氨基酸序列有60％以上的同源性。本研究把这段ORF克隆到大肠杆茵进行表达及进行功能鉴定。实验表明这段ORF序列为一新的海藻糖合成酶基因,其表达产物能将麦芽糖分子转化成海藻糖分子。重组酶性质的初步研究表明重组酶在pH7．0～7．5,30℃转化麦芽糖效率最高。     

赖氨酸-尸胺反向转运蛋白cadB基因谷氨酸棒杆菌表达载体的构建及转化

旨在提高谷氨酸棒杆菌合成尸胺的能力,将CadB克隆至谷氨酸棒杆菌中,与LDC共表达,在谷氨酸棒杆菌合成尸胺的同时,帮助尸胺转运至细胞外,解除尸胺的反馈抑制作用。谷氨酸棒杆菌能够高产赖氨酸脱羧酶的底物L-赖氨酸,但不含ldc和cadB基因,因而不能够直接合成尸胺。从E.coliK12中克隆出赖氨酸-尸胺反向转运蛋白基因,与绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp融合构建成融合表达载体pXBG,并转化至谷氨酸棒杆菌进行诱导表达,结果表明表达的CadB蛋白可以正确的定位于谷氨酸棒杆菌的细胞膜上。将基因cadB连接到含有赖氨酸脱羧酶基因的pXMJ19-ldc上,构建成能够共表达赖氨酸脱羧酶和赖氨酸-尸胺反向转运蛋白的重组质粒pXLB,并转化到谷氨酸棒杆菌中。     

Characterization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Corynebacterium glutamicum

Abstract Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase is present in crude extracts of Corynebacterium glutamicum grown on both glucose and lactate. Preparation of PEP carboxykinase free from interfering PEP carboxylase and oxaloacetate decarboxylase showed an absolute dependence on divalent manganese and IDP for activity in the oxaloacetate (OAA) formation. Other diphosphate nucleotides could not substitute for IDP. The enzyme activity displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the substrates PEP, IDP, KHCO₃, OAA and ITP with a K _m of 0.7 mM, 0.4 mM, 12 mM, 1.0 mM, and 0.5 mM, respectively. At the optimum pH of 6.6, 850 nmol of OAA were formed per min per mg of protein. ATP inhibited PEP carboxykinase in the OAA forming reaction for 60% at 0.1 mM, indicating that the enzyme mainly functions in gluconeogenesis.     

代谢木糖重组谷氨酸棒杆菌的构建

为了使谷氨酸棒杆菌较好地利用木糖生产有机酸,将来自Escherichia coli K-12的木糖异构酶基因xylA构建到表达载体pXMJ19中,导入Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032Δldh中,成功表达了该酶基因。结果表明:重组菌株在以木糖为唯一C源进行发酵时,木糖的消耗速率为0.54 g/(L·h),木糖异构酶比酶活约为0.54 U/mL;在以木糖和葡萄糖的混合糖为C源进行发酵时,菌株优先利用葡萄糖,在葡萄糖完全消耗后,菌株开始有效利用木糖;以木糖为唯一C源进行两阶段发酵时,琥珀酸的收率可达(0.62±0.003)g/g。     

Characterization of glk, a gene coding for glucose kinase of Corynebacterium glutamicum

The glk gene from Corynebacterium glutamicum was isolated by complementation using Escherichia coli ZSC113 (ptsG ptsM glk). We sequenced a total of 3072 bp containing the 969-bp open reading frame encoding glucose kinase (Glk). The glk gene has a deduced molecular mass of 34.2 kDa and contains a typical ATP binding site. Comparison with protein sequences revealed homologies to Glk from Streptomyces coelicolor (43%) and Bacillus megaterium (35%). The glk gene in C. glutamicum was inactivated on the chromosome via single crossover homologous recombination and the resulting glk mutant was characterized. Interestingly, the C. glutamicum glk mutant showed poor growth on rich medium such as LB medium or brain heart infusion medium in the presence or absence of glucose, fructose, maltose or sucrose as the sole carbon source. Growth yield was reduced significantly when maltose was used as the sole carbon source using minimal medium. The growth defect of glk mutant on rich medium was complemented by a plasmid-encoded glk gene. A chromosomal glk-lacZ fusion was constructed and used to monitor glk expression, and it was found that glk was expressed constitutively under all tested conditions with different carbon sources.     

谷氨酸棒状杆菌厌氧产丁二酸的发酵条件

考察谷氨酸棒状杆菌ATCC13032Δldh厌氧产丁二酸的发酵条件。结果发现:补加NaHCO3的效果最好,并且考察了NaHCO3浓度对葡萄糖转化速率及丁二酸生成速率的影响。运用代谢流分析方法分析了乳酸脱氢酶基因敲除对谷氨酸棒状杆菌厌氧代谢的影响,发现乳酸脱氢酶基因敲除导致磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸生成丁二酸的流量提高了214.3%,流向乳酸的流量变为0;分批厌氧转化36 h生成41.2 g/L丁二酸,产率45.0%。     

Molecular Analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum Transketolase Gene

Transketolase is important in production of the aromatic amino acids in Corynebacterium glutamicum. The complete nucleotide sequence of the C. glutamicum transketolase gene has been identified. The DNA-derived protein sequence is highly similar to the transketolase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, taxonomically related to C. glutamicum. The alignment of the N-terminus regions between both transketolases showed TTG to be the most probable start codon. Potential ribosomal binding and promoter regions were situated upstream from the TTG. The deduced amino acid sequence consists of 700 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 75 kDa, and contains all amino acid residues involved in cofactor and substrate binding in the well-characterized yeast transketolase sequence.     

A Corynebacterium glutamicum gene encoding a two-domain protein similar to biotin carboxylases and biotin-carboxyl-carrier proteins

Following the analysis of transposon Tn5432-induced mutants of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032, a gene encoding a protein with a biotin-binding motif was cloned. The DNA sequence of this gene revealed an open reading frame encoding 591 amino acids with a calculated mol. mass of 63.4 kDa. The protein is composed of two domains, an N-terminal biotin carboxylase and a C-terminal biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein, that are highly similar to corresponding subunits from prokaryotic and eukaryotic biotin enzymes. Over 70% identity was found to a protein from Mycobacterium leprae proposed to be part of an acyl-CoA carboxylase. Since it was not possible to inactivate the C. glutamicum gene, the gene most likely encodes a subunit of the essential acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which catalyzes the committed step in fatty acid synthesis. Received: 2 December 1995 / Accepted: 20 May 1996