不同植被恢复模式下中亚热带黄壤坡地土壤微量元素效应

以武陵山区女儿寨小流域为例,研究了中亚热带黄壤坡地7种典型植被恢复模式下土壤微量元素有效性及其与土壤有机质、pH值之间的关系.结果表明： 0～20 cm土层荒草灌丛的B、Mn含量、油桐人工林Mo、Cu含量、杜仲人工林Zn含量和毛竹 杉木混交林Fe含量最高;20～40 cm土层润楠次生林B、Fe、Mn含量、荒草灌丛模式Mo含量、油桐人工林Zn含量和杜仲人工林Cu含量最高;毛竹 杉木混交林B、Mo、Cu、Mn含量在各层土壤均最低.各元素有效性指数以Mn最高,Cu最低,排序为Mn>Zn>Fe>Mo>B>Cu;土壤微量元素有效性综合指数以荒草灌丛模式最高(12.28),毛竹 杉木混交林最低(2.95),排序为Ⅶ>Ⅴ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ＞Ⅰ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅵ.土壤有机质含量与B、Zn有效态含量之间线性关系显著,二次多项式亦可较好地描述有机质与有效态Mn之间的关系,而有机质与Mo、Fe、Cu之间曲线回归关系不显著.土壤pH值与土壤Zn、Cu呈显著正相关,与Mn、Mo也有较好的相关性,而与B相关性较低,与Fe为弱负相关.     

鼎湖山自然保护区不同演替阶段森林土壤中有效微量元素状况研究

三种森林表层土壤中有效微量元素的平均含量顺序为 :Fe >Zn>Mn>B >Cu >Mo,马尾松林的含量顺序为 :Fe>Zn>Cu >B >Mn >Mo,混交林和阔叶林与平均含量一致。三种森林有效Fe的含量均极高 ,表现出富铁状况 ,而有效Mn含量甚微 ,表明该区森林均严重缺Mn,有效Cu和Zn的含量处于中等水平 ,均高于其临界值。但处于演替初期阶段的马尾松林还缺B和Mo,混交林也略缺Mo。相关分析结果表明 ,土壤pH值与所考察的所有微量元素有效量之间均呈负相关 ,且与有效B、Cu和Fe相关极显著 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,与有效Mo相关显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;有机质与所考察的所有微量元素有效量之间均呈正相关 ,且与有效B和Fe相关极显著 ,与有效Mn相关显著     

不同利用强度下绿洲农田土壤微量元素有效含量特征

以地处极端干旱背景下的塔里木盆地南缘策勒绿洲为研究区,以绿洲化为视角,根据当地农民耕作习惯于2005年选择4块试验农田,分别代表当地典型的农田利用强度。基于单项指数(Ei)和综合指数(Ec)相结合的评价方法,分析了绿洲农田在不同利用强度下的土壤Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn等微量元素有效性,探讨了土壤微量元素与人为耕作管理措施之间的关系。结果表明:人为耕作管理强度会对土壤微量元素有效含量产生重要影响,绿洲不同位置农田因施肥强度和管理方式的差别,其土壤微量元素有效含量特征存在显著差异。绿洲内部农田土壤有效Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn含量显著高于绿洲边缘各样地,新垦农田土壤有效Fe、Cu、Zn含量均低于对照样地;绿洲内部农田土壤微量元素有效性最高,新垦农田最低;农田土壤微量元素有效性与土壤有机质存在显著的正相关关系。     

杉木成熟林乔木层营养元素生物循环的研究

广西龙胜县里骆林区25—28年生杉木林乔木层平均每年吸收10种营养元素的总量为139.278kg/ha,其中19.5%存留在立木上,48.1%通过凋落物、32.4%通过降水淋溶归还土壤。N、Mg、S、Mn、Zn、B的归还比都超过0.8;P、K、Ca的归还比为0.72一0.74;Cu的则低于0.7。影响杉木林乔木层营养元素循环的主要因素是土层厚度、土壤养分的浓度和林分测树因子。     

湖北省主要城市园林绿地土壤养分评价

根据湖北城市地形,对2个山地城市(恩施、十堰)、3个丘陵城市(荆门、襄樊、宜昌)和6个平原城市(武汉、孝感、咸宁、荆州、随州、黄石)绿地土壤进行采样.每个城市又按照4种不同利用类型,包括公园绿地、住宅区、事业单位(包括学校、医院、政府机关等)和交通主干道绿地分别取样.结果表明:湖北省主要城市绿地土壤pH较自然土壤明显偏高,均值7.9;土壤有机质(6.8g·kg-1)明显处于缺乏水平;有效N、P、B含量处于较低水平;其他中微量元素(Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn和B)有效态含量适中.土地利用方式对平原城市土壤养分含量影响显著,住宅区绿地土壤pH显著高于公园、街道旁和事业单位,街道绿地微量元素S、Cu、Mn、Zn有效态含量显著高于其他利用类型,公园绿地养分含量最低.不同地形城市土壤养分含量存在显著差异,平原城市土壤有机质、铵态氮、有效K、有效P和许多中微量养分元素(Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Cu和Mn)的含量显著高于丘陵城市.     

磁化微咸水灌溉对欧美杨I-107微量元素和碳氮磷养分特征的影响

为探讨盐分环境下,磁化作用对土壤和植株养分特征的影响,以欧美杨I-107为试材,采用磁化和非磁化微咸水灌溉处理,通过对土壤和植物组织中微量元素和碳氮磷含量的测定,以揭示土壤-植物的养分供求关系。研究发现:(1)微咸水灌溉处理中叶片和根系Fe含量均下降;叶片Zn、Mn和Cu含量提高,根系Mn和Zn含量降低、Cu含量提高。叶片和根系中总碳含量均提高,全氮和全磷含量均降低;叶片C/N下降,根系C/N和C/P则提高。(2)磁化微咸水灌溉处理叶片和根系中Fe、Zn、Cu含量均提高,Mn含量降低;叶片C、P及C/N提高,N含量下降;根系C、C/N和C/P含量提高。(3)微咸水灌溉土壤中Fe、Mn、Zn和Cu微量元素全量均降低,有效态含量均提高;OC和N、C/P和N/P下降,全磷和C/N提高。(4)磁化微咸水灌溉中土壤Fe、Mn和Zn全量提高,Cu降低;Fe、Mn、Zn和Cu有效态含量提高;OC和N、C/P和N/P提高。可见,磁化作用有利于调节植株对微量元素的吸收和分配,提高土壤的固氮能力以及对植株的碳供应能力。此外,盐分环境下,植物体通过提高元素Fe含量以及C/N比值维持光合作用的正常进行,以满足植株正常生长发育的需要。     

西鄂尔多斯地区土壤与四合木微量元素含量特征分析

从西鄂尔多斯地区生境适宜性特征的角度,研究四合木(Tetraena mongolia)的生态适应性,探讨迁地保护不易成活的原因,对不同生境条件下四合木分布区土壤和植株微量元素含量的测定结果表明,四合木分布区土壤中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、B、Mo、Se、Co、CI9种微量元素中,除B的含量明显高于国内土壤平均含量水平和荒漠区土壤平均含量水平;其它元素都低于国内土壤的平均含量;迁地实验区土壤中除Cu的有效量略低于荒漠区土壤和四合木分布区土壤的含量外,Fe、Mn、Zn、B、Mo的有效量均略高于荒漠区土壤和四合木分布区土壤,四合木植株中Fe、Cu、Zn、B、Se、Co的含量远高于各种类型草原植物,而Mo含量高于植物体含量均值,但低于荒漠草原植物,仅为荒漠草原植物的50％,四合木分布区土壤与四合木成株、幼苗9种微量元素相关性不显著,而且植物体中9种元素含量远远大于土壤中的有效量,从四合木植株中各元素含量与各类型草原植物(包括荒漠草原植物)和土壤中含量比较表明,四合木在生长过程中对各种元素呈富集特征,可见土壤微量元素的含量不是四合木迁地种植的制约因子。     

100种常用中药必需微量元素的含量测定

本文采用等离子体发射光谱法测定了100种临床常用中药中必需微量元素:Mg、P、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn、Co、Cu、Mo、Cr、Ni的含量。结果表明,Mg、P、Ca、Fe含量均较高,Zn、Mn、Cu次之,Co、Mo、Cr、Ni含量均较低。     

大庆地区农牧业中微量元素缺乏性营养障碍的土壤根源与整治途径

采集2887个样品分析制图,揭示出大庆地区土壤有效态Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的含量水平和分布规律,并对该地区不同土壤类型的微量元索含量和有效性做了分析评价,肯定了大多数土壤普遍缺Zn和一定程度上Fe、Mn供给不足,是营养障碍发生的直接土壤因素。从成土母质和成土过程造成的土壤理化性质分析了导致微量元素供给不足的原因;土壤沙化、盐碱化、高pH值、多石灰质和重碳酸盐等起主导作用。提出了改良和培肥土壤、推行合理种植制度、合理施用微量元素肥料及选择栽种耐缺植物种和品种等整治途径。     

大气O3浓度升高对稻田土壤有效态微量元素的影响

利用中国稻/麦轮作系统O3-FACE(Ozone-Free Air Concentration Enrichment)试验平台,研究大气O3浓度升高(比周围大气高50%)对2009年稻季各生育期不同深度(0-5 cm,5-10 cm和10-15 cm)耕层土壤微量元素有效性的影响。结果表明,大气O3浓度增加对0-15 cm耕层土壤有效性-Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的提高幅度分别为10.0%、8.1%、5.4%、40.3%,其中对Cu的提高幅度达显著水平;不同土壤有效态微量元素在土壤垂直分布规律不同,土壤有效态Fe、Zn含量随土壤深度增加而降低,土壤有效态Mn含量随深度增加而增加,而土壤有效态Cu含量在不同深度土层中基本稳定;大气O3浓度升高对土壤DTPA提取态Fe的提高幅度随土壤深度的增加而增大,而对土壤DTPA提取态Mn、Cu、Zn的提高幅度均随土壤深度的增加而降低;大气O3浓度升高对0-5cm、5-10cm处土壤DTPA-Cu和0-5cm处Mn含量增加幅度分别为13.2%、8.9%和30.2%,且分别达显著和极显著水平。文章指出大气O3浓度升高会对稻田生态系统土壤微量元素地球化学循环产生重要影响,应针对不同层次土壤有效态微量元素含量情况,从土壤性质和水稻生长两个方面进一步明确其影响机制。     

Acquisition of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe by mycorrhizal maize (Zea mays L.) grown in soil at different P and micronutrient levels

Sustainability of soil-plant systems requires, among other things, good development and function of mycorrhizal symbioses. The effects of P and micronutrient levels on development of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and uptake of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe by maize (Zea mays L.) were studied. A pot experiment with maize either inoculated or not with Glomus intraradices was conducted in a sand:soil (3 :1) mix (pH 6.5) in a greenhouse. Our goal was to evaluate the contribution of mycorrhizae to uptake of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe by maize as influenced by soil P and micronutrient levels. Two levels of P (10 and 40 mg kg⁻¹ soil) and three levels of a micronutrient mixture: 0, 1X and 2X (1X contained, in mg kg⁻¹ soil, 4.2 Fe, 1.2 Mn, 0.24 Zn, 0.06 Cu, 0.78 B and 0.036 Mo), were applied to pots. There were more extraradical hyphae at the low P level than at the high P level when no micronutrients were added to the soil. Root inoculation with mycorrhiza and application of micronutrients increased shoot biomass. Total Zn content in shoots was higher in mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal plants grown in soils with low P and low or no micronutrient addition. Total Cu content in shoots was increased by mycorrhizal colonization when no micronutrients were added. Mycorrhizal plants had lower Mn contents than non-mycorrhizal plants only at the highest soil micronutrient level. AMF increased total shoot Fe content when no micronutrients were added, but decreased shoot Fe when plants were grown at the high level of micronutrient addition. The effects of G. intraradices on Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe uptake varied with micronutrient and P levels added to soil. Accepted: 27 December 1999     

黄土丘陵区不同植被根际土壤微量元素含量特征

为了解黄土高原不同植被土壤微量元素的根际效应,分析了该地区柠条、沙棘、沙打旺、柳枝稷、阿尔泰狗娃花和茵陈蒿6种植被根际与非根际土壤中有机碳、全氮、Mn、Cu、Fe、Zn含量.结果表明： 6种植被中,柠条、阿尔泰狗娃花和茵陈蒿根际土壤的有机碳、全氮含量高于非根际土壤;除柠条和沙棘外,其余4种植被非根际土壤pH值均显著高于根际土壤.6种植被根际土壤有效Mn含量均低于非根际;柠条、沙打旺和柳枝稷根际有效Cu含量显著高于非根际,表现出强烈根际富集现象.除沙打旺外,其他5种植被根际有效Fe含量均略高于非根际.沙打旺、柳枝稷、茵陈蒿和阿尔泰狗娃花表现出强烈的有效Zn根际富集现象.根际与非根际土壤有机碳、全氮与有效Mn、有效Zn,以及有效Mn与有效Zn呈极显著正相关.根际土壤pH值与有效Mn和有效Zn呈显著负相关.由于不同植物根系的生长特征、根际pH值及微生物种类等的差异,不同植被根际的微量元素含量不同,茵陈蒿根际4种微量元素含量高于其他植被.     

Plant Seeds as Mineral Nutrient Resource for Seedlings--A Comparison of Plants from Calcareous and Silicate Soils

Mineral nutrients of seeds constitute a significant source ofessential elements to seedlings and developing individuals ofvascular plants. In spite of their potential ecological significance,seed nutrient pools have attracted little attention with respectto calcifuge–calcicole behaviour of plants. The objectivesof this study were, therefore, to compare concentrations of13 macro- and micronutrients (K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu,Zn, Mo, B, P and S) in seeds and leaves of 35 mainly herbaceousvascular plant species growing on both limestone (calcareous)and silicate (non-calcareous) soils. Concentrations of Rb andCo in seeds of plants originating from limestone soils were,on average, about half of those from silicate soils. Concentrationsof Mn, Mg, Zn and P of seeds were, or tended to be, lower orslightly lower in limestone-soil plants, whereas mean Ca andMo concentrations were higher. Comparing seed and leaf concentrationsof the same species from limestone and silicate soils generallydemonstrated a high P enrichment ratio, but a particularly lowK enrichment ratio in seeds, valid for both types of soil. Itwas also apparent that Fe and Mn, micronutrients which are lessreadily solubilized and taken up by plants on limestone soils,had significantly higher seed:leaf concentration ratios in plantsfrom limestone than from silicate soils, whereas the oppositewas true for Ca. This indicates a ‘strategy’ tosatisfy the demand of seedlings for elements which are lessreadily available in the soil.Copyright 1998 Annals of BotanyCompany Seed, leaf, plant, nutrient, content, calcareous, silicate, acid, soil.     

Influence of organic matter on the availability of certain elements to barley seedlings grown by a modified neubauer method

Summary The influence of organic matter on the availability of 17 elements (Na, K, Cs¹³⁷, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, N, P, B, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Mo, Al, and Si) to barley seedlings grown by a modified Neubauer technique was determined. Three different soils that were treated with dry ground mustard spinach leaves (1 g/100 g soil) and incubated for various lengths of time (0, 1, 2, 5, 9, 13, and 17 weeks) in moist condition before cropping were used for this study.The addition of organic matter to the soils increased the plant yields. The average N and K concentrations were consistently increased in the plants grown in soils with added organic matter. The average concentration of B, P, Na, Mg, Sr, Ba, and Si were almost consistently decreased in the plants. The average contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ca, and Al varied with the soil types and precropping incubation time. The average Cs¹³⁷ contents of the plants were reduced considerably by the addition of organic matter to the soils. The reduction of Cs¹³⁷ contents ranged from 29 to 75 per cent, depending on the pre-cropping incubation time and soil type. The main factors causing this reduction were considered to be microbial immobilization, ion antagonism by K, carbohydrate dilution, and the state of decomposition and the kind of organic matter added to the soils.     

Effect of exchangeable sodium percentage and presubmergence on yield and nutrition of rice under field conditions

Summary The effects of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) levels of 82, 72, 65 and 35 and 0, 15 and 30 days of presubmergence (submergence prior to the transplanting of rice) on yield and chemical composition of rice and availability of Fe, Mn, Zn and P in soil were studied factorially in a field experiment. Presubmergence increased rice yields at all ESP levels, the effect being more pronounced at high ESP's. Increasing ESP decreased yields and the contents of Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu but increased that of P and Na in the crop. Presubmergence enhanced absorption of all the above elements by the crop except P, K, Mg, Zn and Cu in the grain and decreased Na in grain and straw. Growing of rice under submerged conditions also facilitated the improvement of these soils. Effects of submergence and ESP on the availability of Fe, Mn, Zn and P in soil and their role in the nutrition of rice are discussed. The results suggest that 15 to 30 days presubmergence improved rice yields on a calcareous sodic soil of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain.     

Copper,manganese and iron concentration in berseem (Trifolium Alexandrinum) and coppermolybdenum ratio as affected by molybdenum in two types of soil

Summary The effect of Mo on Cu, Mn and Fe; and Cu: Mo ratio in berseem was studied in a normal cultivated and recently reclaimed saline-sodic soil. Mo application decreased Cu, Mn and Fe content in berseem in both the soils. Cu, Mn and Fe content in plant tissue grown in recently reclaimed soil was less than normal cultivated soil. Mo decreased Cu: Mo ratio whereas S application increased Cu: Mo ratio in plant. Cu: Mo ratio from animal nutrition point of view was in the safe range if Mo was not applied in the berseem crop.     

南四湖区农田土壤有机质和微量元素空间分布特征及影响因素

基于地统计学和GIS技术相结合的方法,研究了南四湖区农田土壤有机质和微量元素的空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明,土壤有机质和微量元素均属中等变异程度,除硼符合正态分布外,其余土壤属性均符合对数正态分布。结构分析表明,除硼为纯块金效应外,土壤有机质和其它微量元素空间自相关性较强,其中结构性因素起主导作用。克里格插值结果表明,土壤有机质分布总体趋势为由北向南逐渐降低,锰、铜、锌分布总体趋势为中部高,南北两端低。影响因素分析表明,土壤类型、耕层质地、坡度、土地利用类型和地貌类型对土壤有机质均有显著影响。土壤类型主要是由于成土母质的差异影响土壤有机质的高低与分布,随质地由砂变粘、坡度由低变高,土壤有机质含量逐步升高,田间管理水平的差异是造成不同土地利用类型下土壤有机质含量差异的主要原因。微量元素中,除硼不受影响外,铁、锰、铜和锌与土壤类型、耕层质地、坡度、土地利用类型和地貌类型密切相关。