孕康口服液对肾虚-黄体抑制型先兆流产大鼠的安胎作用

目的:孕康口服液为已上市中成药,为进一步评价其药效,本实验通过建立肾虚-黄体抑制型先兆流产模型,观察孕康口服液的安胎作用。方法:60只妊娠大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC),模型组(MG),地屈孕酮组(DT,3.02 mg/kg),孕康口服液低剂量组(YK-L,4 ml/kg)、中剂量组(YK-M,6 ml/kg)、高剂量组(YK-H,9 ml/kg),每组10只。自妊娠第1日,每日上午各给药组按规定剂量灌予受试药,NC组、MG组给予等体积的纯化水,连续10 d;每天下午灌胃造模,除NC组给予纯化水外,其余各组按450 mg/kg体质量灌胃羟基脲,连续9 d,第10日按4.0 mg/kg体质量灌胃米非司酮。妊娠第9日,测定各组大鼠背温、抓力、痛阈、自主活动等行为体征;妊娠第11日,各组腹主动脉取血,测定血清雌二醇(E₂)、孕酮(P)、血栓素B₂(TXB₂)水平;摘取卵巢、连胎子宫,观察胚胎个数和直径,计算卵巢、连胎子宫指数。结果:与NC组比较,MG组背温、抓力、痛阈、自主活动次数、胚胎个数、胚胎直径、连胎子宫指数和血清E₂、P、TXB₂水平均显著降低(P＜0.05,0.01)。与MG组比较,孕康口服液各剂量组背温、抓力、胚胎个数、胚胎直径和血清E₂、P水平均显著升高(P＜0.05,0.01);YK-M、YK-H组痛阈、自主活动、连胎子宫指数显著升高(P＜0.05);YK-H组血清TXB₂水平明显升高(P＜0.05)。结论:孕康口服液对肾虚-黄体抑制导致的先兆流产大鼠具有明确的补肾安胎作用,其机制可能与升高血清E₂、P、TXB₂水平,改善肾虚体征和提高胚胎质量有关。     

降钙素对胚胎着床的影响机理

降钙素(calcitonin,CT)是甲状腺滤泡旁细胞分泌的一种含有32个氨基酸残基的肽类激素,是动物体内重要的调节钙磷代谢的内分泌因子。近年来的研究发现CT在胚胎着床过程中起着重要的作用。胚胎着床涉及到母体子宫和胚胎之间的复杂而精确的调控。在孕激素作用下,围着床期子宫内膜表达CT,CT与其膜受体结合后可激活腺苷酸环化酶(adenylate cyclase,AC)和磷脂酶(Cphospholipase C,PLC)等激酶的活性,促进细胞外Ca2 内流,从而促使子宫内膜和胚胎发生一系列的变化,有利于胚胎的植入。     

电磁脉冲对孕鼠及其胚胎的影响

目的：探讨电磁脉冲（electromagneticpulses,E脚）对孕期小鼠及其胚胎发育的影响。方法：采用不同场强的EMP（分别为0、50、100、200、400kV·m-1）辐照器官形成期的BALB／c孕鼠,于孕18天解剖小鼠,测量孕鼠体重增长值、脏器／体重,胎盘重、胎鼠体重、身长、尾长,并记录吸收胎、死胎、生长发育迟缓及畸胎的数量。结果：各辐照剂量组孕鼠体重增长值、脏器／体重与对照组相比均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;胎盘重、胎鼠体重、身长、尾长数值明显低于对照组（P〈O．01）。50、400kV·m-1和100、200、400kV·m-1辐照组可分别导致死胎率和生长发育迟缓率增加（P〈0．05）,在400kV·m-1的EMP辐照组中,畸胎数也有升高的趋势,其中,畸胎主要表现为肢体和骨发育异常。结论：本实验条件下,不同场强的EMP辐照可对器官形成期小鼠胚胎的生长发育产生一定的影响,胚胎肢芽及骨发育可能是EMP作用的特殊靶点。     

IK细胞因子在小鼠早孕期子宫内膜的表达规律及其在胚胎着床中的作用

通过Real-time PCR、Western blot及免疫组织化学方法分析了IK细胞因子(IK cytokine)在早孕小鼠(妊娠D1~D7)子宫内膜中的表达规律及宫角注射IK细胞因子反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸后对胚胎着床的影响。结果显示,IK细胞因子mRNA表达在D1~D4逐渐升高,于D4达到高峰(P<0.05);Western blot和免疫组织化学结果与Real-time PCR结果基本一致,其蛋白表达在D1~D5逐渐升高,于D5达到高峰(P<0.05);IK细胞因子在D5胚胎着床点的表达显著高于着床旁组织;假孕小鼠子宫内膜IK细胞因子蛋白表达明显低于正常妊娠,且整个假孕过程中没有表达高峰;宫角注射IK细胞因子反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸后24 h和48 h(即D4和D5)子宫内膜IK细胞因子表达明显受到抑制,MHCⅡ抗原表达增强,且胚胎着床数量明显减少(P<0.05),提示IK细胞因子在胚胎着床中发挥着重要作用。     

沙眼衣原体感染对大鼠着床期间子宫内膜E-cadherin的影响

目的 研究沙眼衣原体（Chlamydia trachomatis,CT）感染后大鼠着床期间子宫内膜上皮钙粘蛋白（E-cad-herin,E-cad）的变化。方法 大鼠雌雄合笼建立早孕模型,取正常和CT感染后妊娠4-7d的子宫组织,免疫组化SP法检测E-cad的表达。结果 正常和感染后妊娠组E-cad的表达均存在先上升后下降的趋势,表达峰值均在妊娠第6d,CT感染组低于正常组,且存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）;其表达部位在子宫内膜上皮细胞的胞膜或/和胞浆,蜕膜细胞无或少量表达。结论 沙眼衣原体感染后可能通过影响子宫内膜黏附分子E-cad的表达,破坏子宫内膜微环境,进而干扰早期妊娠。     

沙眼衣原体感染对大鼠着床期间子宫内膜上皮及其β-连接素表达的影响

目的研究沙眼衣原体(Chlamydiatrachomatis,Ct)感染后大鼠着床期间子宫内膜形态学改变及β-连接素(β-catenin,β-cat)的变化。方法大鼠雌雄合笼建立早孕模型,取正常妊娠和Ct感染后妊娠大鼠子宫,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察子宫内膜超微结构改变及免疫组化检测β-cat的表达。结果SEM显示对照组子宫内膜腔上皮细胞排列紧密,细胞间隙较窄;实验组腔上皮细胞排列疏松,间隙变宽;免疫组化定性结果示β-cat妊娠4-6d主要定位于内膜上皮细胞膜,妊娠7d在蜕膜细胞膜;半定量结果示在感染组与正常组妊娠第5d其表达量达到高峰,但感染组弱于正常组,且两者之间有显著性差异(P<0·05)。结论Ct感染后可能通过影响子宫内膜黏附分子的表达,破坏着床的微环境;同时影响上皮细胞之间的连接,从而干扰早期妊娠。     

前列腺素在胚胎着床和蜕膜化中的作用

前列腺素在哺乳动物的雌性生殖过程中起着十分重要的作用.环氧合酶-2 (cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2)主要在子宫着床位点处胚胎周围的基质细胞中表达, 介导着床和蜕膜化过程.由COX-2和微粒体型前列腺素E合成酶-1途径来源的前列腺素E 2 (prostaglandin E2, PGE2)在胚胎着床和蜕膜化过程中起重要作用.子宫中产生的前列腺素I 2 (prostaglandin I2, PGI2)通过核受体过氧化物酶体增殖因子活化受体δ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorδ,PPARδ)在胚胎着床过程中起关键作用.质膜上的前列腺素转运蛋白(prostaglandin transporter, PGT)通过转运新合成的前列腺素, 来满足胚胎着床和蜕膜化过程中对前列腺素的需求, 并维持前列腺素的代谢平衡.     

米非司酮对大白鼠子宫内膜抗着床作用的组织化学观察

３０只雌性ＳＤ大鼠分为五组,即Ａ组（阴性对照组）,Ｂ组（孕三烯酮阳性对照组１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,Ｃ组（米非司酮实验组,Ｃｌ１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｃ２６ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｃ３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。用组织化学方法观察米非司酮对子宫内膜一氧化氮合成酶（ＮＯＳ）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、硷性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）活性和糖原含量的影响。实验结果显示：ＮＯＳ,ＳＤＨ和ＡＬＰ活性较阴性对照组弱,ＬＤＨ和ＡＣＰ活性较阴性对照组强,糖原含量略低于阴性对照组。     

PGI2-PPARδ信号传导途径与哺乳动物的胚胎着床

前列腺素 (PGs)在胚泡着床和子宫的蜕膜化过程中起着重要的调节作用 ,前列环素 (PGI2 )是着床位点表达量最高的PGs .前列环素受体 (IP)和过氧化物酶体增殖因子活化受体 (PPARs)分别是PGI2 的细胞表面G蛋白偶联的受体和细胞核内受体 ,IP在胚泡着床位点不表达或检测不到 ,而PPARδ表达丰富 ,RXRs (PPARs的异二聚体伴侣 )及相应的PPARδ RXRα复合物、PGI2 合成酶 (COX 2 /PGIS)也在着床位点表达丰富 ,因此推测PGI2 在胚泡着床中的作用可能是通过PPARδ受体介导的 .利用PGI2 类似物 (cPGI)和PPARδ特异性类似物能够恢复COX 2基因敲除小鼠的胚泡着床和蜕膜化 .总之 ,PGI2 通过PPARδ在胚泡着床和蜕膜化过程中起着重要的调节作用     

IVF-ET时影响胚胎着床率的因素分析

胚胎移植成功的标志性事件是胚胎着床。着床是一个高度协调的事件,影响胚胎着床的因素主要有胚胎质量和子宫内膜容受性两方面。     

哺乳动物滋养层细胞在胚胎植入中的作用

胚胎植入是哺乳动物生殖的关键环节,是一个非常复杂的过程.在胚胎植入过程中,多种着床相关因子、激素在母体-胚胎之间进行多重作用,引发复杂的生理作用,从而完成胚胎着床.在母体-胚胎界面上,胎源性滋养层细胞与母体子宫内膜细胞在信号联系（妊娠识别）和组织紧密连接（胚胎植入）过程中起着决定性作用,尤其是胚源性滋养层细胞,在胚胎植入过程中起主导作用.本文通过对滋养层细胞在胚胎植入中的作用的阐述,为进一步阐明胚胎植入的分子机制提供思路.     

Endometrium implantation and ectopic pregnancy

Embryo in uterine implantation is a complex and multifactor-related process and is a downstream and ideal point for woman fertility control.Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanism of implantation is a prerequisite for development of anti-implantation contraceptives.In spite of considerable accumulation of information from the laboratory animals that has been achieved,it is difficult to generate such information in human due to ethical restriction and experimental limitation,and the present knowledge for understanding the definitive mechanisms which control these events remains elusive.Embryo implantation can also occur outside uterus.Some women with abdominal pregnancies could successfully complete the processes of gestation and bear normal babies,implying that implantation itself may be not an endometrium-specific process.Reproductive biologists should cooperate with gynecologists to further comparatively study the molecular and cellular mechanisms of implantation normally occurring in endometrium and abnormally appearing outside uterine cavity.Such collaborative studies may generate new important information for developing anti-implantation contraceptive and for techniques of accurate diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.A specially designed GnRH-2 analog and a combination use of Iow dose RU486 and gossypol as anti-implantation contraceptives have been suggested.     

LH and FSH profiles at superovulation and embryo production in the cow

The variability of the superovulation response in cattle is an important problem to the commercial embryo transfer industry. Plasma LH and FSH concentrations around the time of estrus and ovulation were studied in relation to embryo production, to try and elucidate this problem. Sixteen cows were superovulated with 38 mg FSH-P and estrus synchronized with prostaglandin F(2) alpha. On the third and fourth day of superovulation increases in plasma LH but not FSH were detected. The LH and FSH profiles appeared to be normal in the size of the surge but in many cases they were were abnormal in timing. Transferable embryo production appeared to be lower in cows in which the LH and FSH surges were not coincident, and in cows where the surges were early or late with reference to estrus. FSH appeared to be primarily responsible for the number of embryos produced and LH for their quality, i.e. the number transferable.     

Preimplantation embryo development and serum steroid levels in immature rats induced to ovulate or superovulate with pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin injection or follicle-stimulating hormone infusions

Follicular stimulation protocols using pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin (PMSG) or a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation were compared to evaluate the yield and quality of embryos obtained from immature rats. Rats received a superovulatory dose of PMSG (401U), a nonsuperovulatory dose of the same gonadotrophin (4 IU), or a continu ous s.c. infusion over a 72-h period with a purified FSH preparation containing an opti mum ratio of luteinizing hormone (LH): FSH (FSH-hCG). The females were caged with fertile males on the evening of the 3rd day of gonadotropin treatment and scored for the occurrence of mating on the next morning; subgroups were killed on days 1–4 of preg-nancy. High fertilization rates were observed in rats treated with 4 IU PMSG (84.1%) and in rats infused with FSH-hCG (91.0%); however, a much lower fertilization rate was observed following treatment with 40 IU PMSG (41.5%). From median ovulation rates of 9 and 79 in rats treated with 4 IU PMSG and in rats infused with FSH-hCG, medians of 8 and 69 embryos, respectively, were recovered from reproductive tracts flushed on day 4 of pregnancy, from which 75% were morulae or blastocysts; in contrast, from a median ovu lation rate of 42.5, a median of only 12 embryos was recovered on day 3 of pregnancy following superovulation with 40 IU PMSG of which 80% were degenerate ova. Serum steroid profiles during the first 4 days of pregnancy differed significantly among treatment groups, the major differences being in substantially elevated levels of estradiol and andro-gens on days 1–3 in rats receiving the high (40 IU) dose of PMSG. Levels of these steroids in rats superovulated with the FSH-hCG infusion regimen were only marginally elevated above levels observed in rats treated with the low (4 IU) nonsuperovulatory dose of PMSG. Consistent with high ovulation rates, serum progesterone levels rose to considera bly higher levels during the period in both superovulated groups than in animals receiving the low, nonsuperovulatory dose of PMSG. This work describes a novel method to superovulate rate (FSH-hCG) leading to high yields of normally developing embryos at all preimplantation stages and illustrates the close association between high yield of emyryos and low levels of circulating andorgens and estradiol-17β during the preimplantation period.     

IL-4 和IL-12 在宫颈癌中的表达及对紫杉醇过敏的影响

目的:研究IL-4,IL-12在宫颈癌组织中的表达,探讨其对宫颈癌发生及术后对紫杉醇过敏的影响。方法:应用半定量逆反应-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测IL-4mRNA,IL-12p35以及IL-12p40 mRNA在正常宫颈组和宫颈癌组中的表达,并分析两者之间的相关性以对紫杉醇过敏的影响。结果:1.宫颈癌组中IL-4mRNA表达水平高于正常宫颈组,而IL-12p35和IL-12p40mRNA表达低于正常宫颈组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2.在术后给予紫杉醇治疗的宫颈癌患者中,过敏组中IL-4mRNA的表达高于不过敏组;IL-12p35和IL-12p40mRNA则低于后者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:体内IL-12降低和(或)IL-4升高可促进宫颈癌的发生发展增加紫杉醇过敏的发生率。