孕康口服液对肾虚-黄体抑制型先兆流产大鼠的安胎作用

目的:孕康口服液为已上市中成药,为进一步评价其药效,本实验通过建立肾虚-黄体抑制型先兆流产模型,观察孕康口服液的安胎作用。方法:60只妊娠大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC),模型组(MG),地屈孕酮组(DT,3.02 mg/kg),孕康口服液低剂量组(YK-L,4 ml/kg)、中剂量组(YK-M,6 ml/kg)、高剂量组(YK-H,9 ml/kg),每组10只。自妊娠第1日,每日上午各给药组按规定剂量灌予受试药,NC组、MG组给予等体积的纯化水,连续10 d;每天下午灌胃造模,除NC组给予纯化水外,其余各组按450 mg/kg体质量灌胃羟基脲,连续9 d,第10日按4.0 mg/kg体质量灌胃米非司酮。妊娠第9日,测定各组大鼠背温、抓力、痛阈、自主活动等行为体征;妊娠第11日,各组腹主动脉取血,测定血清雌二醇(E₂)、孕酮(P)、血栓素B₂(TXB₂)水平;摘取卵巢、连胎子宫,观察胚胎个数和直径,计算卵巢、连胎子宫指数。结果:与NC组比较,MG组背温、抓力、痛阈、自主活动次数、胚胎个数、胚胎直径、连胎子宫指数和血清E₂、P、TXB₂水平均显著降低(P＜0.05,0.01)。与MG组比较,孕康口服液各剂量组背温、抓力、胚胎个数、胚胎直径和血清E₂、P水平均显著升高(P＜0.05,0.01);YK-M、YK-H组痛阈、自主活动、连胎子宫指数显著升高(P＜0.05);YK-H组血清TXB₂水平明显升高(P＜0.05)。结论:孕康口服液对肾虚-黄体抑制导致的先兆流产大鼠具有明确的补肾安胎作用,其机制可能与升高血清E₂、P、TXB₂水平,改善肾虚体征和提高胚胎质量有关。     

降钙素对胚胎着床的影响机理

降钙素(calcitonin,CT)是甲状腺滤泡旁细胞分泌的一种含有32个氨基酸残基的肽类激素,是动物体内重要的调节钙磷代谢的内分泌因子。近年来的研究发现CT在胚胎着床过程中起着重要的作用。胚胎着床涉及到母体子宫和胚胎之间的复杂而精确的调控。在孕激素作用下,围着床期子宫内膜表达CT,CT与其膜受体结合后可激活腺苷酸环化酶(adenylate cyclase,AC)和磷脂酶(Cphospholipase C,PLC)等激酶的活性,促进细胞外Ca2 内流,从而促使子宫内膜和胚胎发生一系列的变化,有利于胚胎的植入。     

电磁脉冲对孕鼠及其胚胎的影响

目的：探讨电磁脉冲（electromagneticpulses,E脚）对孕期小鼠及其胚胎发育的影响。方法：采用不同场强的EMP（分别为0、50、100、200、400kV·m-1）辐照器官形成期的BALB／c孕鼠,于孕18天解剖小鼠,测量孕鼠体重增长值、脏器／体重,胎盘重、胎鼠体重、身长、尾长,并记录吸收胎、死胎、生长发育迟缓及畸胎的数量。结果：各辐照剂量组孕鼠体重增长值、脏器／体重与对照组相比均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;胎盘重、胎鼠体重、身长、尾长数值明显低于对照组（P〈O．01）。50、400kV·m-1和100、200、400kV·m-1辐照组可分别导致死胎率和生长发育迟缓率增加（P〈0．05）,在400kV·m-1的EMP辐照组中,畸胎数也有升高的趋势,其中,畸胎主要表现为肢体和骨发育异常。结论：本实验条件下,不同场强的EMP辐照可对器官形成期小鼠胚胎的生长发育产生一定的影响,胚胎肢芽及骨发育可能是EMP作用的特殊靶点。     

IK细胞因子在小鼠早孕期子宫内膜的表达规律及其在胚胎着床中的作用

通过Real-time PCR、Western blot及免疫组织化学方法分析了IK细胞因子(IK cytokine)在早孕小鼠(妊娠D1~D7)子宫内膜中的表达规律及宫角注射IK细胞因子反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸后对胚胎着床的影响。结果显示,IK细胞因子mRNA表达在D1~D4逐渐升高,于D4达到高峰(P<0.05);Western blot和免疫组织化学结果与Real-time PCR结果基本一致,其蛋白表达在D1~D5逐渐升高,于D5达到高峰(P<0.05);IK细胞因子在D5胚胎着床点的表达显著高于着床旁组织;假孕小鼠子宫内膜IK细胞因子蛋白表达明显低于正常妊娠,且整个假孕过程中没有表达高峰;宫角注射IK细胞因子反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸后24 h和48 h(即D4和D5)子宫内膜IK细胞因子表达明显受到抑制,MHCⅡ抗原表达增强,且胚胎着床数量明显减少(P<0.05),提示IK细胞因子在胚胎着床中发挥着重要作用。     

沙眼衣原体感染对大鼠着床期间子宫内膜E-cadherin的影响

目的 研究沙眼衣原体（Chlamydia trachomatis,CT）感染后大鼠着床期间子宫内膜上皮钙粘蛋白（E-cad-herin,E-cad）的变化。方法 大鼠雌雄合笼建立早孕模型,取正常和CT感染后妊娠4-7d的子宫组织,免疫组化SP法检测E-cad的表达。结果 正常和感染后妊娠组E-cad的表达均存在先上升后下降的趋势,表达峰值均在妊娠第6d,CT感染组低于正常组,且存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）;其表达部位在子宫内膜上皮细胞的胞膜或/和胞浆,蜕膜细胞无或少量表达。结论 沙眼衣原体感染后可能通过影响子宫内膜黏附分子E-cad的表达,破坏子宫内膜微环境,进而干扰早期妊娠。     

前列腺素在胚胎着床和蜕膜化中的作用

前列腺素在哺乳动物的雌性生殖过程中起着十分重要的作用.环氧合酶-2 (cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2)主要在子宫着床位点处胚胎周围的基质细胞中表达, 介导着床和蜕膜化过程.由COX-2和微粒体型前列腺素E合成酶-1途径来源的前列腺素E 2 (prostaglandin E2, PGE2)在胚胎着床和蜕膜化过程中起重要作用.子宫中产生的前列腺素I 2 (prostaglandin I2, PGI2)通过核受体过氧化物酶体增殖因子活化受体δ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorδ,PPARδ)在胚胎着床过程中起关键作用.质膜上的前列腺素转运蛋白(prostaglandin transporter, PGT)通过转运新合成的前列腺素, 来满足胚胎着床和蜕膜化过程中对前列腺素的需求, 并维持前列腺素的代谢平衡.     

沙眼衣原体感染对大鼠着床期间子宫内膜上皮及其β-连接素表达的影响

目的研究沙眼衣原体(Chlamydiatrachomatis,Ct)感染后大鼠着床期间子宫内膜形态学改变及β-连接素(β-catenin,β-cat)的变化。方法大鼠雌雄合笼建立早孕模型,取正常妊娠和Ct感染后妊娠大鼠子宫,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察子宫内膜超微结构改变及免疫组化检测β-cat的表达。结果SEM显示对照组子宫内膜腔上皮细胞排列紧密,细胞间隙较窄;实验组腔上皮细胞排列疏松,间隙变宽;免疫组化定性结果示β-cat妊娠4-6d主要定位于内膜上皮细胞膜,妊娠7d在蜕膜细胞膜;半定量结果示在感染组与正常组妊娠第5d其表达量达到高峰,但感染组弱于正常组,且两者之间有显著性差异(P<0·05)。结论Ct感染后可能通过影响子宫内膜黏附分子的表达,破坏着床的微环境;同时影响上皮细胞之间的连接,从而干扰早期妊娠。     

米非司酮对大白鼠子宫内膜抗着床作用的组织化学观察

３０只雌性ＳＤ大鼠分为五组,即Ａ组（阴性对照组）,Ｂ组（孕三烯酮阳性对照组１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,Ｃ组（米非司酮实验组,Ｃｌ１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｃ２６ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｃ３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。用组织化学方法观察米非司酮对子宫内膜一氧化氮合成酶（ＮＯＳ）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、硷性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）活性和糖原含量的影响。实验结果显示：ＮＯＳ,ＳＤＨ和ＡＬＰ活性较阴性对照组弱,ＬＤＨ和ＡＣＰ活性较阴性对照组强,糖原含量略低于阴性对照组。     

PGI2-PPARδ信号传导途径与哺乳动物的胚胎着床

前列腺素 (PGs)在胚泡着床和子宫的蜕膜化过程中起着重要的调节作用 ,前列环素 (PGI2 )是着床位点表达量最高的PGs .前列环素受体 (IP)和过氧化物酶体增殖因子活化受体 (PPARs)分别是PGI2 的细胞表面G蛋白偶联的受体和细胞核内受体 ,IP在胚泡着床位点不表达或检测不到 ,而PPARδ表达丰富 ,RXRs (PPARs的异二聚体伴侣 )及相应的PPARδ RXRα复合物、PGI2 合成酶 (COX 2 /PGIS)也在着床位点表达丰富 ,因此推测PGI2 在胚泡着床中的作用可能是通过PPARδ受体介导的 .利用PGI2 类似物 (cPGI)和PPARδ特异性类似物能够恢复COX 2基因敲除小鼠的胚泡着床和蜕膜化 .总之 ,PGI2 通过PPARδ在胚泡着床和蜕膜化过程中起着重要的调节作用     

Effects of anandamide on embryo implantation in the mouse

Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine), an arachidonic acid derivative, is an endogenous ligand for both the brain-type (CB1-R) and spleen-type (CB2-R) cannabinoid receptors. To investigate the possible effects of anandamide on embryo implantation in the mouse, we used a co-culture system in which mouse embryos are cultured with a monolayer of uterine epithelial cells. Our results indicate that 14 nM anandamide significantly promotes the attachment and outgrowth of the blastocysts on the monolayer of uterine epithelial cells, and those effects could be blocked by CB1-R antagonists SR141716A, but not by SR144528, a CB2-R antagonist. It suggests that the effects of anandamide on embryo attachment and outgrowth are mediated by CB1-R. However, 56 nM anandamide is capable of inhibiting the blastocyst attachment and outgrowth, we, therefore, conclude that anandamide may play an essential role at the outset of implantation.     

Effects of prolonged oral administration of fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1 in rats

The effects of prolonged oral administration (21 days) of fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) were evaluated on male Wistar rats. The animals were housed in individual metabolic cages and submitted to the following treatments: 1-0 g AFB₁ + 0 mg FB₁/100g bw.; 2-72 g AFB₁+ 0 mg FB₁/100 g bw; 3-0 g AFB₁ + 0.5 mg FB₁ g bw; 4-0 g AFB₁ + 1.5 mg FB₁/100 g bw; 5-72 g AFB₁ + 0.5 mg FB₁/100g bw; 6-72 gAFB₁ + 1.5 mg FB₁/100g bw. On day 21, the rats were sacrificed for evaluation. The results showed that treated animals presented differences in body weight and absolute/relative weights of liver and kidney as well as altered hepatic function and cholesterol blood levels. Rats fed with the greatest doses of AFB₁ and FB₁ gained less weight (2.79 g/day) at the end of the experimental period; their blood concentrations of liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were above control levels (130.35 /l and 471.00 /l, respectively). Blood cholesterol increased in the groups treated with the highest dose ofFB₁ or FB₁ associated with AFB₁. Histopathology revealed the occurrence of apoptosis in the liver of rats exposed to FB₁. The association of aflatoxin B₁ with fumonisin B₁ at higher dose probably potentiated the effects of the higher dose of fumonisin B₁acting singly.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

幼年大鼠脾虚腹泻合并肠道菌群失调模型的建立

目的 建立一种脾虚腹泻合并肠道菌群失调的模型,为研究中医药治疗小儿脾虚腹泻证的疗效机制提供可行性模型。方法 按照随机的原则将20只清洁级3周龄SD幼年大鼠分为正常和模型两组,采用番泻叶、生大黄联合头孢拉定、硫酸庆大霉素灌胃,观察其对幼年SD大鼠外观、体质量、肠道微生物和小肠黏膜的影响。结果 与正常组相比,模型组幼年大鼠被毛枯槁、精神萎靡,体质量增长缓慢;4种琼脂培养基培养的肠球菌、大肠埃希菌、细菌、乳酸菌数量差异均有统计学意义（Ps＜0.01）;小肠黏膜层次模糊,结构混乱,小肠绒毛形态破坏。结论 番泻叶、生大黄联合头孢拉定、硫酸庆大霉素灌胃能够建立一种合适的幼年大鼠脾虚腹泻合并肠道菌群失调的模型。     

茵栀黄口服液联合布拉酵母 对新生儿黄疸的治疗

目的探讨茵栀黄口服液联合布拉酵母治疗新生儿黄疸的效果。方法回顾性分析2012年5月至2016年2月我院收治的108例新生儿黄疸患儿的临床资料,根据治疗方法的不同将患儿分为对照组(50例)和观察组(58例)。两组患儿均给予蓝光处理,对照组同时给予布拉酵母治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联用茵栀黄口服液进行治疗。比较两组患儿凝血指数、血气指标、生化指标及治疗效果。结果观察组患儿治疗后有效率高于对照组(98.28%vs 90.00%,χ~2=24.92,P0.05)。观察组患儿治疗后PaCO_2、pH、BE及Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组患儿治疗后PT、APTT、FIB、TT异常发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组患儿治疗后血清总胆红素水平低于对照组,住院时间及黄疸消退时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论茵栀黄口服液联合布拉酵母治疗新生儿黄疸效果显著,能够明显缩短黄疸消退时间,改善血气分析指标及生化指标水平,安全有效。     

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on the embryo‐fetal development in Wistar rats

BACKGROUND: Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is an herbal medicine used for treating neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular insufficiency, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, and also vestibular disturbance. Some components of GBE have presented estrogenic effects and, in a previous study, high dosages of GBE caused intra‐uterine growth retardation in fetuses of Wistar rats treated during the fetogenesis period. METHODS: Pregnant Wistar rats were treated, through gavage, with different dosages of aqueous GBE (3.5, 7.0, and 14.0 mg/Kg/day), during the tubal transit and implantation period. Rats were killed on the 15th day of pregnancy and the following parameters were evaluated: clinical symptoms of maternal toxicity; maternal body weight; feed and water intake; maternal liver, kidney, and ovary weights; number of corpora lutea; implants per group ratio; pre‐ and post‐implantation loss per group ratio; live fetuses mean; dead fetuses percentage; fetus and placenta weight per offspring ratio; and fetal external malformation. RESULTS: No significant alteration was found for both the maternal and embryonic parameters evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: The GBE treatment in pregnant Wistar rats, during the tubal transit and implantation period, caused no toxic effect on the maternal organism and did not induce embryonic death, growth retardation, and/or fetal malformations. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:133–138, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

In vitro attachment and symmetry breaking of a human embryo model assembled from primed embryonic stem cells

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鲜猴头菌口服液益智保健功效初步研究

初步评估了鲜猴头菌口服液的益智保健功效以及对糖尿病及其相关症状的改善作用。在研究中,首先采用急性毒性实验检测鲜猴头菌口服液饮用的安全性;然后,采取小鼠跳台和避暗实验以及迟发型变态反应初步分析了鲜猴头菌口服液对正常小鼠的学习和记忆能力以及对由Cy诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的细胞免疫应答能力的影响;同时,又以STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠作为模型,测定了鲜猴头菌口服液对糖尿病典型症状的改善作用。结果显示,鲜猴头菌口服液的LD50＞27.2mL/kg;在跳台和避暗2个实验中,与空白对照组相比较,猴头低、中、高3个剂量组小鼠的潜伏期明显缩短,且5min错误次数明显减少;在迟发型变态反应中,与阴性对照组相比较,猴头组小鼠的左后足趾肿胀度极显著增强;此外,鲜猴头菌口服液还对由STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠的精神状态和体重均有改善作用,而与正常组相比较,口服液对糖尿病大鼠的血常规指标影响不明显。这表明,鲜猴头菌口服液为安全物质,它能显著的提高小鼠的记忆和学习能力,能极显著的提高免疫抑制小鼠的细胞免疫应答水平,还能对由糖尿病引起的体重下降有改善作用,同时不会引起副作用。     

Effects of compound lobelia oral liquid on acute pharyngitis rabbits model

AimsExplore the effect of compound lobelia oral liquid on acute pharyngitis rabbits model caused by ammonium hydroxide, evaluate its curative effect.MethodsAcute pharyngitis rabbit model was prepared by ammonia spray at pharyngeal. After 1 h of the last administration, score the pharyngeal tissue symptoms of rabbits under the condition of naked eyes (score according to the score criteria). Then, take blood from the marginal auricular vein for routine blood tests and serum TNF-α level measure. Take pharyngeal tissue for HE staining, and observe its pathological changes under the microscope.ResultsCompared with the blank group, the pharyngeal tissue symptom score and serum TNF-α level in the model group were significantly increased (P < 0.01). The results of blood routine showed that the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes in the model group increased significantly (P < 0.01), and neutrophilic granulocyte percentage decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The infiltration of inflammatory cells in the pharynx tissue was obvious and pathological changes were observed. Compared with the model group, large, middle and small doses of compound lobelia oral liquid group could reduce the scores of pharyngeal tissue symptoms in rabbits with acute pharyngitis induced by ammonia. The large and middle dose compound lobelia oral liquid group could significantly reduce serum TNF-α level and neutrophilic granulocyte percentage, significantly increase the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes (P < 0.01); The small dose compound lobelia oral liquid group could significantly reduce the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes (P < 0.01), there was an increasing tendency to neutrophils and a decreasing tendency to serum TNF-α, but no statistical significance. The large, middle and small doses of compound lobelia oral liquid group all could improve the pathological changes of pharyngeal tissue inflammatory infiltration.ConclusionCompound lobelia oral liquid has a good effect on rabbit acute pharyngitis model caused by ammonia.     

Anti-inflammatory effect and the effect on acute pharyngitis rats model of compound Lobelia oral liquid

Objective

Observe anti-inflammatory effect and the effect on acute pharyngitis rats model induced by ammonia water of compound Lobelia oral liquid, providing experimental basis for its clinical use.