姜黄素对过度训练致大鼠脾脏细胞凋亡的调控作用及其机制*

目的:研究姜黄素调控Keap1-Nrf2-ARE信号通路缓解大鼠过度训练所致脾脏氧化应激及细胞凋亡机制。方法:7周龄SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠分为对照组(C组,n=12)、过度训练组(OM组,n=11)、姜黄素+过度训练组(COM组,n=14)。C组不进行任何运动干预,OM组、COM组大鼠进行8周递增负荷游泳训练。训练期间,COM组以200 mg/(kg·d)、5 ml/kg姜黄素进行灌胃,其他组灌胃等体积0.5 %羧甲基纤维素纳助溶剂。末次训练后24 h,称重计算脾脏指数,光镜观察脾脏组织病理学改变,取血液、脾脏组织检测相关生化指标。结果:C组大鼠脾脏组织结构正常;OM组较C组脾脏指数极显著降低(P＜0.01),并出现明显病理学改变;COM组较OM组脾脏指数显著升高(P＜0.05),且组织形态学改变有所改善。与C组比较,OM组血清皮质酮(Cor)浓度和脾脏细胞凋亡水平、丙二醛(MDA)浓度均升高,促凋亡蛋白Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)表达增强(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);体重、血清睾酮(T)水平及脾脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,脾脏血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)、抗凋亡蛋白B淋巴细胞瘤因子-2(Bcl-2)表达减弱(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);脾脏核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)表达水平无显著变化(P＞0.05)。与OM组比较,COM组体重无显著变化(P＞0.05);血清T浓度升高,脾脏SOD活性升高,Bcl-2、Nrf2和HO-1表达增强(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);血清Cor浓度及脾脏MDA浓度、细胞凋亡水平、Bax表达均降低或减弱(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);组间T/Cor比值变化趋势与T变化相一致,Bcl-2/Bax比值变化趋势与Bcl-2变化相一致。结论:8周递增负荷过度游泳训练引发脾脏细胞凋亡加剧,脾脏组织发生病理改变及功能异常。姜黄素通过上调Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达,在一定程度上缓解过度训练引发的氧化应激,增强抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达,减弱促凋亡蛋白Bax表达,改善大鼠脾脏细胞过度凋亡,保护脾脏组织结构和功能正常。     

姜黄素对过度训练大鼠脾脏炎症反应的调控作用及其机制

目的:研究姜黄素调控Toll-样受体4(TLR4)-p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路缓解过度训练大鼠脾脏炎症反应的作用及其机制.方法:7周龄SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠分为安静对照组(C组,n=12)、过度训练模型组(OM组,n=11)、姜黄素+模型组(COM组,n=14)...     

姜黄素抑制大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖和诱导凋亡的作用

目的:探讨姜黄素对大鼠气道平滑肌细胞(airway smooth muscle cells,ASMCs)增殖和凋亡的影响.方法:采用改良组织块消化法培养原代大鼠气道平滑肌细胞,以PDGF诱导ASMCs增殖建立模型.MTT法检测不同浓度姜黄素抑制ASMCs增殖情况.Hoechst 33342染色和DNA Ladder检测细胞凋亡,Western Blot检测ERK1/2和磷酸化ERK1/2的表达.结果:①MTT检测给予姜黄素处理12 h后,与模型组相比较,10 μmol/l组、20μmol/l组和40 μmol/l组的细胞平均抑制率均增加显著.P<0.05;48 h后各浓度组抑制率均升高.②Hoechst 33342观察到10μmol/I、20μmol/1和40 μmol/l姜黄素组中强荧光细胞比例随姜黄素刺量增大而增多,细胞核内多个不均一蓝染现象.③DNA Ladder观察到40μmol/l组姜黄素处理组出现梯状分布.④姜黄素(40 μmol/1)与PDGF(20 ng/m1)共同处理30 min和60 min后P-ERK1/2蛋白表达水平显著降低.结论:姜黄素对ASMCs增殖有抑制作用,同时高浓度的姜黄素可促进AsMCs凋亡,可能与下调ERK1/2的表达有关.     

低聚原花青素对过度训练大鼠骨骼肌损伤的保护作用机制

为研究低聚原花青素对过度训练大鼠骨骼肌损伤的保护作用机制,将大鼠随机分为安静对照组(C)、过度训练组(OM)、低聚原花青素干预组(OOM).C组无运动干预,其他组采用42 d递增负荷跑台训练.训练期间,OOM组每天灌胃低聚原花青素1次(150 mg/kg,5 mL/kg),其他组给予等体积蒸馏水.末次训练后即刻取材,经...     

姜黄素对人食管癌EC9706细胞凋亡的诱导作用

目的:应用姜黄素处理人食管癌EC9706细胞,研究姜黄素对人食管癌EC9706细胞凋亡的诱导作用。方法:应用细胞计数、流式细胞仪、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、Hoechst染色、H.E染色和透射电镜检测经姜黄素诱导处理后人食管癌EC9706细胞的凋亡。结果:经姜黄素诱导处理后,人食管癌EC9706细胞生长抑制率达69.9%;细胞周期检测出现亚二倍体(亚G1期)细胞峰值,细胞凋亡率达23%;琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示出细胞凋亡典型的180-200 bp及其倍体的DNA"梯状"条带;Hoechst染色显示细胞核内出现浓染致密的固缩形态或颗粒状荧光;光镜和电镜下可见典型的细胞凋亡特征:细胞体积缩小,染色体凝集,可见有成群或单独存在的凋亡细胞,电镜下可见凋亡小体存在。结论:姜黄素能够有效诱导人食管癌EC9706细胞的凋亡,从而进一步为食管癌等恶性肿瘤疾病的治疗和凋亡机理的研究提供重要基础和科学依据.     

姜黄素对急性游泳训练小鼠骨骼肌损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨姜黄素对急性游泳训练小鼠骨骼肌损伤的保护作用。方法：成年雄性BALB/C小鼠随机分为安静对照组、运动对照组、运动+姜黄素组［100 mg/（kg·d）］和安静+姜黄素组［100 mg/（kg·d）］。干预期为4w,干预期最后1w同时进行游泳运动训练,每天训练90min,采用以上运动方式连续运动7d,末次运动完成后即刻处死小鼠。测定血清肌酸激酶（CK）含量及骨骼肌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、活性氧（ROS）和丙二醛（MDA）水平,并观察骨骼肌普通及超微病理学改变。结果：与运动对照组相比,姜黄素干预明显抑制了游泳运动导致的小鼠血清CK水平的上升（P<0.01）,减轻了运动导致的骨骼肌普通及超微病理结构异常。姜黄素干预显著抑制了运动导致的小鼠骨骼肌GSH水平的下降（P<0.05）,同时拮抗了ROS和MDA含量水平的上升（P<0.01）。结论：姜黄素对小鼠急性游泳训练导致的骨骼肌损伤具有明显的抗氧化保护作用。     

虾青素复合有氧运动对D-半乳糖诱导大鼠肾脏衰老的干预作用及其机制

目的:研究虾青素复合有氧运动对D-半乳糖诱导大鼠肾脏衰老的干预作用及其机制.方法:60只3月龄SPF级SD大鼠采用两因素两水平2×2析因设计随机分为空白对照组(C组)、急性衰老组(S组)、虾青素+急性衰老组(AS组)、有氧运动+急性衰老组(ES组)、虾青素+有氧运动+急性衰老组(AES组),每组12只.大鼠腹腔注射10...     

姜黄素及其类似物J7对2型糖尿病大鼠睾丸氧化应激损伤的干预作用*

目的: 研究姜黄素(CUR)及其类似物J7对糖尿病大鼠睾丸氧化应激损伤的干预作用。方法: 60只SD大鼠随机分组,其中10只作为正常(NC)组,余50只通过高脂饮食和腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导建立糖尿病大鼠模型,造模成功后将其再分为4组:糖尿病(DM,n=12)组、姜黄素治疗(CUR,n=10)组、J7高剂量治疗(J+,n=10)组、J7低剂量治疗(J-,n=10)组。CUR组大鼠每天予以姜黄素20 mg/kg灌胃治疗,J+及J-组分别予以J7 20 mg/kg、10 mg/kg灌胃治疗,8周后处死大鼠,测量各组大鼠体重、空腹血糖,羟胺法和硫代巴比妥酸法分别检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,Western blot法检测tNrf2、pNrf2、CAT、NQO1蛋白表达水平,qRT-PCR检测CAT、NQO1、HO1 mRNA表达水平,光镜下观察大鼠睾丸形态学改变,免疫组化检测Nrf2及CAT蛋白表达情况。结果: DM组血糖、MDA水平升高(P＜0.05),体重、SOD活性、pNrf2/tNrf2、CAT、NQO1蛋白及CAT、NQO1、HO1 mRNA水平均有下降(P＜0.05);光镜下见睾丸各级生精细胞减少、排列紊乱;免疫组化显示Nrf2蛋白核周表达量下降,CAT蛋白表达水平降低。经姜黄素及J7治疗后,三个治疗组的MDA水平均下降(P＜0.05),SOD活性、pNrf2/tNrf2、CAT、NQO1蛋白及NQO1、HO1 mRNA水平均上升(P＜0.05),J+及J-组血糖显著下降(P＜0.05),J+组CAT mRNA水平显著上升(P＜0.05);J+组pNrf2/tNrf2比值明显高于CUR组及J-组(P＜0.05),J+组CAT蛋白水平也明显高于J-组(P＜0.05),其余指标在三个治疗组间不具有显著性差异。光镜下见三个治疗组睾丸形态学病变减轻;免疫组化显示Nrf2蛋白核周表达量上升,CAT蛋白表达水平升高。提示高剂量J7抗糖尿病大鼠睾丸的氧化应激损伤的能力较强。结论: 姜黄素及J7可在一定程度上对抗糖尿病大鼠睾丸的氧化应激损伤,其机制可能与Nrf2-ARE信号通路的激活相关。     

The impact of curcumin and its modified formulations on Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major health problem worldwide, with no effective treatment approach. Curcumin is the main ingredient of turmeric traditionally used in Asian medicine. Several experimental studies have indicated the protective effect of curcumin and its novel formulations in AD. Curcumin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic activities, proposing a strong potential to prevent neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are no sufficient clinical trials to confirm curcumin use in AD patients. Low bioavailability following oral administration of curcumin limits its usage in human. The present study was designed to gather the effects of curcumin and its modified formulations in human and experimental models of AD.     

Palliative effect of curcumin on doxorubicin‐induced testicular damage in male rats

This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin (CUR) on doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced testicular damage in male rats. Thirty‐five adult male Wistar rats were used. Control group was received saline for 7 days. CUR group received CUR for 7 days. DOX group received single dose DOX on the 5th day. DOX+ CUR‐100 group received 100 mg/kg/day CUR for 7 days and DOX injection on the 5th day. DOX + CUR‐200 group received 200 mg/kg/day CUR for 7 days and DOX injection on the 5th day. DOX treatment decreased in sperm motility rate, live sperm percentages, cellular antioxidants, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, necrosis, degenerations, and slimming in seminiferous tubules, and DNA damages in testes by inducing oxidative stress. CUR treatment mitigated significantly these side effects when compared with DOX group in a dose‐dependent manner. In conclusion, CUR treatment can be used in the mitigation of DOX‐induced testicular toxicity.     

Sestrin2对热暴露肺上皮细胞凋亡的干预作用及其机制*

目的:探讨Sestrin2蛋白对热暴露肺上皮细胞凋亡的干预作用及其作用机制。方法:体外培养的Beas-2B细胞分为对照组(37℃)和热暴露组(39℃、40℃和41℃),在上述温度中暴露不同时间(0、3、6和12 h),胰酶消化后收集细胞,分别通过Western blot、荧光分光光度计、流式细胞仪等方法检测细胞中的Sestrin2、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、活性氧自由基(ROS)表达水平,细胞线粒体膜电位及细胞凋亡率。基因序列克隆入高表达质粒pcDNA 3.1⁺中,采用Lipfectamine 2000方法转染Beas-2B细胞,构建Sestrin2和SOD高表达细胞,观察细胞线粒体膜电位及细胞凋亡等指标的变化。结果:随着暴露温度的升高,与对照组相比,热暴露组细胞Sestrin2蛋白表达水平下降。在41℃热暴露Beas-2B细胞,不同时间点ROS水平显著上升,线粒体膜电位显著下降,细胞凋亡率增加。Sestrin2和SOD高表达细胞,在41℃暴露条件下,与对照组比较,ROS表达水平显著降低,线粒体膜电位下降幅度减小,热暴露导致细胞凋亡率降低。结论: Sestrin2能够通过线粒体膜电位和SOD缓解热暴露引起肺上皮细胞的凋亡,对Beas-2B细胞具有保护作用。     

Influence of kolaviron and vitamin E on ethylene glycol monoethyl ether‐induced haematotoxicity and renal apoptosis in rats

The present study investigated the protective effects of kolaviron, a biflavonoid from the seed of Garcinia kola, and vitamin E on ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE)‐induced haematotoxicity and renal apoptosis in male rats. EGEE was administered at a dose of 200 mg kg^?1 alone or simultaneously administered with kolaviron (100 and 200 mg kg^?1) and vitamin E (50 mg kg^?1) for 14 days. Results of haematological examination showed that white blood cells, platelets, neutrophils and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were significantly lower, whereas lymphocytes were increased in EGEE‐exposed rats compared with those in the control. Administration of EGEE caused a significant decrease in the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as well as in the glutathione level but significantly increased glutathione Stransferase activity and levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation in kidneys of rats compared with those in the control. Also, EGEE‐treated rats showed significant elevation in the serum urea and creatinine with marked increase in the frequency of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling assay‐positive apoptotic cells in the tubular epithelial cells in comparison with the control. Co‐administration with kolaviron or vitamin E exhibited chemoprotective effects against EGEE‐mediated haematotoxicity, augmented renal antioxidant status and prevented the induction of renal apoptosis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Neuroprotective effect of melatonin on radiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brainstem of rats

This study aimed to determine the effects of melatonin on irradiation-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brainstem region of Wistar rats. Therefore, the animals underwent whole-brain X-radiation with a single dose of 25 Gy in the presence or absence of melatonin pretreatment at a concentration of 100 mg/kg BW. The rats were allocated into four groups (10 rats in each group): namely, vehicle control (VC), 100 mg/kg of melatonin alone (MLT), irradiation-only (RAD), and irradiation plus 100 mg/kg of melatonin (RAM). An hour before irradiation, the animals received intraperitoneal (IP) melatonin and then were killed after 6 hr, followed by measurement of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the brainstem region. Furthermore, the western blot analysis technique was performed to assess the caspase-3 expression level. Results showed significantly higher MDA and NO levels in the brainstem tissues for the RAD group when compared with the VC group (p < .001). Moreover, the irradiated rats exhibited a significant decrease in the levels of CAT, SOD, GPx, and TAC (p < .01, p < .001, p < .001, and p < .001, respectively) in comparison to the VC group. The results of apoptosis assessment revealed that the expression level of caspase-3 significantly rose in the RAD group in comparison with the VC group (p < .001). Pretreatment with melatonin ameliorated the radiation-induced adverse effects by decreasing the MDA and NO levels (p < .001) and increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities (p < .001). Consequently, the caspase-3 protein expression level in the RAM group showed a significant reduction in comparison with the RAD group (p < .001). In conclusion, melatonin approximately showed a capacity for neuroprotective activity in managing irradiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brainstem of rats; however, the use of melatonin as a neuroprotective agent in humans requires further study, particularly clinical trials.     

黄芪汤对延缓C离子辐射致大鼠肾组织细胞凋亡的影响及相关机制

目的: 探讨黄芪汤抑制¹²C⁶⁺离子辐射脑模型鼠肾组织细胞凋亡的分子保护机制。方法: 50只SPF级Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组,单纯辐射模型组,黄芪汤(高、中、低剂量)组。正常对照组和单纯辐射模型组给予等体积生理盐水灌胃10 ml/(kg·d),黄芪汤治疗组分别灌胃给予黄芪汤18、9、4.5 g/(kg·d),连续给药2周。7 d后除正常对照组外,其余各组大鼠脑组织给予4Gy ¹²C⁶⁺离子束单次照射,辐射后第7日处死各组大鼠。HE染色法观察大鼠肾脏的病理形态变化,ELISA法检测大鼠血清IL-6的含量,实时荧光定量PCR法测定大鼠肾脏Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3的基因表达,免疫组化法检测大鼠肾脏Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3和NF-κB的蛋白表达。结果: 与正常对照组比较,单纯辐射模型组体重和肾脏指数均显著降低,血清IL-6的含量显著升高,肾脏Bcl-2的基因表达和蛋白表达均显著降低,Bax和Caspase-3的基因表达和蛋白表达均显著升高,NF-κB的蛋白表达也显著升高(P＜ 0.01),单纯辐射组肾小球系膜细胞明显增生,肾小管间质血管明显扩张充血,肾小管管腔狭窄、不规则。与单纯辐射模型组相比,黄芪汤高剂量组体重和肾脏指数均明显升高,黄芪汤各干预组肾脏Bcl-2的基因表达和蛋白表达均显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);而黄芪汤中、高剂量组Bax和Caspase-3的蛋白表达均显著降低,各干预组血清IL-6的含量显著降低,肾脏Bax和Caspase-3的基因表达均显著降低,肾脏NF-κB的蛋白表达显著下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),黄芪汤高剂量组可见肾小球系膜细胞增生情况明显改善,肾小管轮廓清晰。结论: 黄芪汤对¹²C⁶⁺离子辐射脑模型鼠的肾损伤具有一定的防护作用,其作用机制可能与调控Bcl-2/NF-κB信号通路有关。