耳大神经动作电位及其传导速度的测定

检测人体耳大神经动作电位,对鉴别脊髓神经节前和节后纤维的病变有重要意义。关于耳大神经动作电位的测定方法,国内尚未见诸报道。本文介绍一种耳大神经动作电位简便测定方法,并报告国人耳大神经传导速度的正常值及其影响因素,为临床应用提供生理基     

神经冲动与兴奋传递

扼要地阐述了神经冲动的概念产生的原因和兴奋传递的过程。     

心肌电兴奋传导速度对心律失常影响的仿真研究

心电场是由心肌的电活动产生的。心肌细胞的电特性及心肌细胞间的传导关系决定了体表电位的分布及心电图的变化。心肌电兴奋传导速度则是影响心肌间兴奋传导关系的重要参数之一。由于很难通过实验方法来人为改变电兴奋传导速度,因而临床上有关该参数对心律影响的定量知识相当缺乏。本文采用真实三雏躯干模型及心脏模型,对心肌电兴奋传导速度与心律变化的关系进行定量仿真研究。结果表明,兴奋传导速度决定了整个心电图的变化,而局部普通心肌的传导速度在相当范围内变化似乎对心电图影响不明显,但传导速度超过一定范围后可能产生突变。     

伪狂犬病毒神经传导研究

伪狂犬病毒对神经系统的传导具有跨突触传导、自我复制和宿主范围广等特性,自20世纪70年代起,便开始运用于神经解剖学研究领域。四十年的应用实践使伪狂犬病毒神经传导有了许多新的进展,无论是在病毒神经传导机理上,还是在传导应用中。伪狂犬病毒神经传导机理,着重于阐释病毒对初级神经细胞的侵染过程和对次级神经细胞的传导方向;传导应用则着重于探索新的神经传导毒株和对病毒传导技术进行革新。目前,伪狂犬病毒神经传导理论和应用尚有许多未知的领域需要研究,结合分子生物学技术的探索会使神经传导研究事半功倍。     

神经营养素激活的细胞内信号传导

神经营养素首先与细胞表面的Ｔｒｋ受体结合,诱导受体酪氨酸激酶激活。酪氨酸磷酸化的Ｔｒｋ通过与许多信号传递分子形成复合物而介导信号向下游传递。Ｒａｓ的激活与神经营养素诱导的细胞分化密切相关。不依赖Ｒａｓ的信号传导通路可能在神经元的存活、电兴奋性和细胞间粘连中具有重要作用。神经营养作用的特异性可能源自于神经营养因子信号传递过程和差异。     

成年哺乳动物神经发生的关键调控环节:GABA的作用由兴奋到抑制的转变

近年,调控成年哺乳动物神经干细胞增殖、迁移、分化和成熟的信号分子逐渐被揭示,其中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)由兴奋到抑制的转变是神经发生的一个关键环节.与传统的GABA抑制作用不同,在未成熟神经细胞中,GABA以一种自分泌或旁分泌的方式释放并作用于GABAa受体,表现出明显的兴奋作用,这种兴奋对成年动物神经发生起重要调节作用,随着神经元的成熟,GABA的兴奋作用逐渐被抑制作用取代,此后,GABA完成从调节神经发生到传递抑制性神经冲动的转变.GABA调节神经发生的确切机制尚有待进一步研究.     

牛蛙神经冲动产生和传导的低温效应

在5℃和15℃温度条件下,用牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)离体坐骨神经标本测定0、24、48、96、120、144、168、192、216 h 9个时段的动作电位波幅和传导速度.结果表明:两个温度下离体坐骨神经的动作电位幅度在0 h和24 h差异均不显著,0 h时相对高温(15℃)下动作电位传导速度大于相对低温(5℃),24 h时两个温度下动作电位的传导速度差异不显著,相对高温下48 h时坐骨神经的兴奋性为零.相对低温条件下,坐骨神经兴奋性能维持7 d时间.     

Fitzhugh—Nagumo神经传导方程的动力性态

本文研究Ｆｉｔｚｈｕｇｎ－Ｎａｇｕｍｏ方程组周期初值问题的解的长时间性态,证明了方程组生成的算子半群拥有整体吸收子Ａ∪→Ｈｐ＾１（Ω）。     

Fitzhugn—Nagumo神经传导方程的周期初值问题

本文讨论了Ｆｉｔｚｈｕｇｎ－Ｎａｇｕｍｏ方程的周期初值问题,用Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ方法证明了整体解的存在唯一性。     

动作电位形成的机制

动作电位是短暂、快速的膜电位的变化(100 mV),在此期间,细胞膜内外的极性发生反转,即细胞膜由静息状态时的膜内为负、膜外为正转变为膜内为正而膜外为负的状态。一个单个动作电位仅包括全部兴奋细胞膜的一小部分。与分级动作电位不同的是,动作     

High-frequency stimulation induces axonal conduction block without generating initial action potentials

Journal of Computational Neuroscience - The purpose of this modeling study is to develop a novel method to block nerve conduction by high frequency biphasic stimulation (HFBS) without generating...     

Molecular mechanisms of nerve excitation and conduction

In this paper we propose that the physical behavior of the electric dipoles at the membraneinterface is mainly responsible for the observed phenomena in nerve excitation and conduction. The underlying molecular mechanisms are conceived to be dipole reorientation, relaxation and flip-flops. It is suggested that quantum transitions of electric dipoles and a few first principles provide a real physical basis for the neural behavior as manifested macroscopically. This dipole theory gains a strong support from the most recent discoveries of negative fixed surface charge on axon membranes, infrared emission from stimulated nerve and the birefringence change which coincided with the action potential in squid axon. It can also offer an explanation for the heat production and absorption in excited nerves. A brief discussion will be given to the memory mechanism in terms of the field-dipole interaction during the RNA synthesis in nerve cells. Visiting the Research Institute of Electronics, Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Formosa (Taiwan), September 1, 1968–June 1, 1969.     

Effects of nickel ion on the conduction of action potentials in non-myelinated nerve fibre of crayfish.

Effects of NiCL2 and PCMB (p-chloromercuribenzoate) on the action potential were examined by the method of extra- and intracellular electrodes, using a single nerve fibre of crayfish. The results obtained were as follows : The conduction of the action potential was blocked by treating the nerve fibre with Ni ion or PCMB. The blockade was easily recovered by replacement with cysteine. The process of the blockade and recovery, which could be repeated several times, was fairly characteristic such that the more repetition led the sooner blockade and the harder recovery. No conduction block was observed by treatment with Ni-cysteine mixed solution nor with PCMB-cysteine solution. The critical concentration for blocking was 1.1 x 10(-4)M for NiCL2 and 5.6 x 10(-6) M for PCMB. The action potential was disappeared without any change in the resting potential by treatment with the chemicals, which gave significant effects on the rising and falling phases of the action potential before the blockade.     

Fenestration in the myelin sheath of nerve fibers of the shrimp: A novel node of excitation for saltatory conduction

Giant nerve fibers of the shrimp family Penaeidae conduct impulses at the velocity highest among all animal species (∼210 m/s; highest in mammals = 120 m/s). We examined these giant and other small nerve fibers morphologically using a differential interference contrast microscope as well as an electron microscope, and found a very specialized form of excitable membrane that functions as a node for saltatory conduction of the impulse. This node appeared under the light microscope as a characteristic pattern of concentrically aligned rings in a very small spot of the myelin sheath. The diameter of the innermost ring of the node was about 5 μm, and the distance between these nodes was as long as 12 mm. Via an electron microscope, these nodes were characterized by a complete lack of the myelin sheath, forming a fenestration that has a tight junction with an axonal membrane. Voltage clamp measurements by a sucrose gap technique demonstrated that the axonal membrane at these fenestration nodes is exclusively excitable and that the large submyelinic space is a unique conductive pathway for loop currents for saltatory conduction through such fenestration nodes. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.