Preliminary studies on leaf beetle, Galeruca daurica on grassland

沙葱萤叶甲Galeruca daurica Joannis是近年来严重危害葱属(AUium)植物建群草场的重要食叶害虫.该虫在内蒙古地区一年发生1代,以卵越冬.本文介绍了该虫生活史、生活习性、发生范围、发生面积、危害症状、生境特征、危害损失,并提出了防治策略.     

桑黄米萤叶甲幼虫的生活习性及防治

<正> 桑黄米萤叶甲Mimastra cyanura(Hope)属鞘翅目(Coleoptera),叶甲科(Chrysomelid-ae)。成虫是危害桑树新梢嫩叶的一种主要害虫。据1985～1987年的调查,该虫在四川全省蚕区均有不同程度的发生。过去对桑黄米萤叶甲的研究仅限于成虫的习性及药物防治,对其     

中国大萤叶甲属的研究（鞘翅目：叶甲科：萤叶甲亚科）

大萤叶甲属Meristata为Chapuis 1875年所建立,是东洋区分布的属,在我国主要分布在云南和西藏两省,中名以其体大型而得。目前全世界已知11种,中国有9种。本文对本属征进行了重新厘订,并对中国种类做了系统的研究及记述,它们是褐大萤叶甲Meristatadohrni (Baly), 长大萤叶甲Meristata elongata (Jacoby), 黑斑大萤叶甲Meristatafallax (Harold), 黑胸大萤叶甲Meristata fraternalis fraternalis (Baly),黑胸大萤叶甲云南亚种Meristata fraternalis yunnanensis (Laboissiere),象牙大萤叶甲Meristata pulunini (Bryant), 四带大萤叶甲Meristata quadrifasciata(Hope), 六斑大萤叶甲Meristata sexmaculata (Kollar et Redtenbacher),黄腹大萤叶甲Meristata spilota (Hope)。亦对Meristata fraternalis yunnanensis的分类地位进行了探讨,根据其鞘翅斑点及其雄性生殖器形状将原Meristatayunnanensis 降为Meristata fraternalis 的亚种。     

萤叶甲属一新种(鞘翅目,叶甲科,萤叶甲亚科)

记述采自我国四川贡嘎山的萤叶甲属1新种:匀刻萤叶甲Galeruca regularis sp. nov..模式标本中正模保存在中国科学院动物研究所标本馆,副模由荷兰Ron Beenen博士个人收藏.     

沙葱萤叶甲成虫触角感器超微结构及对沙葱挥发物的触角电位反应

【目的】明确沙葱萤叶甲Galeruca daurica成虫触角感器类型及对寄主植物挥发物的电生理反应,为进一步研究沙葱萤叶甲的化学感受机理奠定基础。【方法】使用扫描电子显微镜观察沙葱萤叶甲成虫触角上的感器类型;采用顶空动态吸附收集法采集寄主植物沙葱Allium mongolium的挥发物,利用气质联用仪测定沙葱主要挥发物组分,并利用触角电位技术(electroantennogram, EAG)测定沙葱萤叶甲成虫对这一寄主植物主要挥发物成分的电生理反应。【结果】沙葱萤叶甲成虫触角上分布的感器主要有5种类型,分别是毛形感器(sensilla trichodea, ST)、刺形感器(sensilla chaetica, SC)、锥形感器(sensilla basiconica, SB)、钟形感器(sensilla campaniformia, SCa)和B9hm氏鬃毛(B9hm bristles, BB)。沙葱挥发物主要由32种化合物组成,其中,含硫化合物占总量的49.3%。雌成虫对二烯丙基硫醚、二烯丙基二硫、顺-2-己烯-1-醇、2-己烯醛、苯甲酸甲酯和己醛6种化合物表现出较强的触角电位反...     

警惕危险性害虫——玉米根萤叶甲传入我国

本文对玉米根萤叶甲DiabroticavirgiferavirgiferaLeconte的形态、生物学特性和防治等方面进行了综述。根据各方面研究结果对传播到我国的可能性及其可能造成的经济损失进行了预测分析     

基于转录组数据高通量发掘沙葱萤叶甲微卫星引物

【目的】沙葱萤叶甲Galeruca daurica(Joannis)是近年来在内蒙古草原上猖獗发生为害的一种新害虫。本研究从其高通量转录组数据中查找微卫星序列,并进行微卫星位点的信息分析和微卫星引物的发掘,将为进一步研究沙葱萤叶甲遗传多样性及遗传分化奠定必要的基础。【方法】应用软件MISA对沙葱萤叶甲转录组中72 352条unigenes的数据进行搜索。【结果】共找到3 880个微卫星位点,分布于3 277条unigenes中,其主要重复类型为单核苷酸重复(80.85%),其次为三核苷酸重复(11.08%),再次为二核苷酸重复(7.37%)。单核苷酸重复中主要是A/T基序,占总量的77.76%。从1 814条unigenes中成功设计出2 160对引物,从中随机选取10对引物对沙葱萤叶甲DNA进行扩增,结果全部扩增出目的 DNA片段。【结论】利用沙葱萤叶甲转录组数据开发微卫星引物是可行的,本研究开发的微卫星引物为研究沙葱萤叶甲种群遗传学和功能基因组学奠定了必要的基础。     

樟粗腿萤叶甲生物学特性及防治

樟粗腿萤叶甲SastracellacinnamomeaYang在阔叶林中严重危害樟科诸多树种 ,在浙江泰顺 1年发生 1代 ,以老熟幼虫在林下土中越冬。文章介绍了该虫的寄主范围、年生活史、生活习性、发生与环境的关系以及防治方法     

蓝毛臀萤叶甲生物学特性观察及防治

蓝毛臀萤叶甲AgelasticaalniL.又称杨蓝叶甲,是甘肃酒来杨树的重要食叶害虫。成虫咬食叶片呈缺刻或孔洞。幼虫蚕食叶片下表皮,呈网眼状干枯变搞,导致苗圃地,道旁及林带杨树叶片干枯、幼树死亡,给本区林木的发展造成很大损失。此虫在酒泉为害已有7年的历史,除危害杨树外,在我区还危害苹果、梨、柳树。据资料记载：国内此虫只分布于新疆,其它各省均未见报道5为此,通过室内饲养,田间定树观赛,对此虫生物学特性进行研究,结果如下。！形态特征成虫：体型为椭圆形,黑色,有蓝黑色光泽,长7一smm,宽4mm,触角11节,基部2～4节稍细,…     

长刺萤叶甲属与短鞘萤叶甲属的外部形态扫描电镜观察

本文对长刺萤叶甲属和短鞘萤叶甲属的头部,口器,触角,体毛,刻点,前胸背板,鞘翅缘折,足的外部形态首次进行了扫描电镜观察,并对结果进行了分析,比较,发现纬度变化引起的形态变异不显著,而海拔的变化引起形态的适应性变化比较显著。因此,对两种不同海拔的萤叶甲进行形态比较,研究萤叶甲在不同地理环境下,其形态的适应性变化提供了有价值的依据。     

一点拟灯蛾生活习性的初步观察

首次报道一点拟灯蛾AsotacaricaeBoisduval的生活习性 ,并描述其形态、寄主范围、成幼虫习性以及生活史。该虫在广州 1年发生 2代 ,以蛹在杂草、枯枝落叶以及其它缝隙等处越冬。翌年的 5月底至 6月成虫出现 ,第 1代发生在 5月底至 7月初 ,第 2代 (越冬代 )则从当年 6、7月到翌年 5月 ,幼虫 6或7龄 ,3龄前幼虫在叶背群集为害 ,4龄后分散取食。严重发生时 ,整叶被吃光 ,仅留主脉和侧脉。并提出了防治方法。     

Control efficiency of leaf beetle,Ophraella communa,on the invasive common ragweed,Ambrosia artemisiifolia,at different growing stages

Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), an effective biological control agent of A. artemisiifolia, was unintentionally introduced into China. To understand the biological control potential of O. communa on A. artemisiifolia, plant height, the number of branches and leaf control index of A. artemisiifolia injured by the beetle were determined. The results showed that plant height and number of branches decreased and leaf control index increased with the increasing initial release density of O. communa adults, when they were released at 90–100-cm plant height stage in 2008 and 60–70-cm stage in 2009. Even when O. communa was released at a low average density of 1.07 adults per plant at early growth stage of A. artemisiifolia in 2009, it could significantly suppress plant height and number of branches and led to a higher leaf control index compared with the herbicide treatment with Roundup. Prior to the fructicative period, the leaf control index of A. artemisiifolia by O. communa was up to 1.0 on the 47th day after the average initial release of 12 beetles per plant in 2008 or on the 85th day after the average release of 1.07 beetles per plant in 2009, which was significantly higher than that in the herbicide treatment. We suggest that the initial release average density of O. communa adults should be ≥1.07 beetles per plant at the early growth stage, or ≥12 beetles per plant at the late growth stage for an effective control of A. artemisiifolia in the field.     

阿维菌素对椰心叶甲的毒力和防治效果

试验研究阿维菌素对椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima(Gestro)各虫态的毒力以及田间防治效果。结果表明阿维菌素对椰心叶甲毒力作用强,对卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫的LD50分别为8·119×10-6,4·152×10-6,9·458×10-6,7·609×10-6,8·434×10-6μg/头,LD90分别为1·044×10-4,5·545×10-5,6·663×10-5,1·466×10-4μg/头。1·8%超强阿维菌素乳油对椰心叶甲防治效果好,且持效期长。使用后半个月到1个月1000倍液、2000倍液对各虫态的防治效果接近100%。     

Review of the biology and ecology of a ragweed leaf beetle,Ophraella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), which is a biological control agent of an invasive common ragweed,Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asterales: Asteraceae)

A ragweed leaf beetle, Ophraella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), has been highlighted as a potential biological control agent of Ambrosia artemisiifolia. O. communa and A. artemisiifolia are native in North America and alien species in East Asia and Europe. As an invasive weed, A. artemisiifolia causes severe economic losses as reducing agricultural production as well as producing severe allergenic pollen. As an herbivore insect, O. communa has strong host preference on A. artemisiifolia. All the developmental stages of O. communa can be found on A. artemisiifolia and it attacks a single plant in repeated and extended manners. With few individuals on A. artemisiifolia, O. communa can completely defoliate before pollen production. Therefore, O. communa had been focused as a biological control of this invasive weed, but its introduction was denied because of possible damage on an important crop, Helianthus annuus. O. communa was accidentally introduced in East Asia and Europe in 1990s and 2010s, respectively. Fortunately, O. communa population was well established to suppress A. artemisiifolia in the introduced areas. Following detailed field surveys and host specificity tests of O. communa were conducted and proved a strong potential of O. communa as a biological control agent of A. artemisiifolia. Moreover, O. communa has been investigated in physiological and evolutionary studies. In this study, the potential of O. communa as a biological control agent and a study organism are reviewed.     

Effects of three mealybug species on the development,survivorship and reproduction of the predatory lady beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant

The lady beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important predator of mealybugs. The development, survivorship, longevity and reproduction of C. montrouzieri feeding on three different mealybug species [Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley, Ferrisia virgata Cockerell and Planococcus minor (Maskell)] were investigated in the laboratory at 26 ± 1°C, 75-–90% RH and 14:10 (L:D) h photoperiod. Results indicated that, when feeding on different mealybugs, no significant differences were observed between developmental periods and survivorship of C. montrouzieri (from egg to adult), but differences were recorded between the sex ratios, preovipositional periods, adult longevities and reproduction of the differently treated lady beetle populations. The highest sex ratio (0.56), the longest preovipositional period (6.6 days) and adult longevity (84.8 days for females and 93.9 days for males), and the maximum fecundity (659.0 eggs/female) of C. montrouzieri were recorded when feeding on F. virgata. Moreover, C. montrouzieri had a high net reproductive rate (313.66), intrinsic rate of increase (0.0816) and finite rate of increase (1.085) when feeding on F. virgata. Results indicated that the population growth of C. montrouzieri may increase faster when feeding on F. virgata than feeding on either of the other two mealybugs.     

Effect of food concentration on the production and viability of resting eggs of the rotifer Brachionus: implications for the timing of sexual reproduction

1. Life‐table experiments with Brachionus calyciflorus test several hypotheses related to the idea that sexual reproduction in monogonont rotifers should occur when food resources are favourable. 2. The food concentration necessary for a fertilised mictic female to produce one phenotypically normal resting egg was higher than that for an amictic female to produce one daughter. At the lowest concentration of Cryptomonas erosa (1.25 × 10³ cells mL^?1), the lifetime fecundity of these two types of females was 0.9 and 1.4, respectively. 3. The lifetime fecundity of both fertilised mictic females and amictic females increased with food concentration to 3.4 resting eggs and 15.2 daughters female^?1, respectively. The approach to maximal fecundity with increasing food concentration was more rapid for fertilised mictic females, such that their lifetime fecundity relative to that of amictic females gradually decreased from 0.64 (at 1.25 × 10³ C. erosa mL^?1) to 0.22 (at 2.5 × 10⁴ C. erosa mL^?1). 4. The probability of a fertilised mictic female producing one or more abnormal resting eggs during her lifetime was high (approximately 75%). The mean proportion of abnormal eggs produced per female varied among the different food‐concentration treatments (26–38%) but was not higher at the low food concentrations. 5. The proportion of normal resting eggs that hatched was high (51–71%); those produced at low food concentrations were no less likely to hatch than those produced at high food concentrations. No abnormal resting eggs hatched. 6. The probability of a fertilised mictic female producing an abnormal resting egg increased rapidly with her age at all food concentrations. The probability of a normal resting egg hatching declined with maternal age at the low food concentration in one of two experiments. 7. The results support the idea that induction of mictic females should occur when food resources are good. Coincidence of sexual reproduction with low food availability risks low production of resting eggs for several reasons. Population size may be small, with a low probability of encounters between young mictic females and males, and fertilised mictic females may be unable to mature and produce resting eggs.     

The effects of reproduction on courtship, fertility and longevity within and between alternative male mating tactics of the horned beetle, Onthophagus binodis

Life history theory provides a powerful tool to study an organism's biology within an evolutionary framework. The notion that males face a longevity cost of competing for and displaying to females lies at the core of sexual selection theory. Likewise, recent game theory models of the evolution of ejaculation strategies assume that males face a trade-off between expenditure on the ejaculate and expenditure on gaining additional matings. Males of the dung beetle Onthophagus binodis adopt alternative reproductive tactics in which major males fight for and help provision females, and minor males sneak copulations with females that are guarded by major males. Minor males are always subject to sperm competition, and consistent with theoretical expectation, minor males have a greater expenditure on their ejaculate than major males. We used this model system to seek evidence that mating comes at a cost for future fertility and/or male expenditure on courtship and attractiveness, and to establish whether these traits vary between alternative mating tactics. We monitored the lifespan of males exposed to females and nonmating populations, and sampled males throughout their lives to assess their fertility and courtship behaviour. We found a significant longevity cost of reproduction, but no fertility cost. On average, males from mating populations had a lower courtship rate than those from nonmating populations. This small effect, although statistically nonsignificant, was associated with significant increases in the time males required to achieve mating. Minor males had lower courtship rates than major males, and took longer to achieve mating. Although we did not measure ejaculate expenditure in this study, the correlation between lower courtship rate and longer mating speed of minor males documented here with their greater expenditure on the ejaculate found in previous studies, is consistent with game theory models of ejaculate expenditure which assume that males trade expenditure on gaining matings for expenditure on gaining fertilizations.     

ZZCDC数字化疾控信息管理系统的研究

ZZCDC 数字化疾控信息管理系统,采用 Web 的多层体系结构 Browse/Server 模式和 Oracle 中心数据库,将 CDC 工作流程进行功能化细分和模块化,构建成一个在线、实时、跨区域的互动式办公平台,涵盖了郑州市各级 CDC 的疾控信息管理、检验质控、存储归档、数据管理、信息共享等各方面业务,并通过 Internet 把各县区 CDC 疾控信息纳入网络管理,实现了郑州市疾控信息数据的操作交换和资源的共享．