pH-比色法测定CaATPase活力

基于ATP被酶水解后H⁺生成的速度作为酶活力的指标,在560um波长和pH7.4,以酚红作指示剂,建立了pH-比色测定肌浆网CaATPase(Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺-ATPase)活力的分光光度法。方法简易,可观察反应进行的过程。SR CaATPase对底物ATP的K_m=97.4μmol/L;在22—42℃间求得活化能(E_Ca)=20.40千卡。用本法初步观察了汉防己甲素(简称汉甲)对酶的抑制作用。     

Phytoplankton primary production in a mesotrophic pond in sub-tropical Bangladesh

Annual gross primary productivity in mesotrophic Shahidullah Hall pond (Dhaka, Bangladesh) was 1383.35 g C m⁻² y⁻¹ (arithmetic mean). Daily primary productivity (between 1.6 and 6.8 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ was correlated with chlorophylla, day length and dissolved silica. Chlorophylla related significantly withk, incident light, SRP, alkalinity and conductivity. A negative correlation existed between biomass and rainfall. Productivity, biomass, conductivity, alkalinity, and SRP increased after mid-winter.k, I _k andZ _eu varied according seasonally.P _max related directly with temperature. Seasonal variation of ∝ ^B was 0.0049–0.0258 mg C (mg chla mmol PAR)⁻¹ m⁻². Q₁₀ was 2.12, community respiration 1334.99 g C m⁻² y⁻¹, and the underwater light climate 186.43μE m⁻² s⁻¹.     

中国北方农牧交错带C3草本植物δ13C与温度的关系及其对水分利用效率的指示

由于植物稳定碳同位素组成(δ¹³C)综合反映了植物光合过程中C、H₂O交换的信息,因而从理论上讲它可以作为植物长期水分利用效率的潜在指标,并揭示与植物生理生态过程相联系的一系列气候环境信息。通过对中国北方农牧交错带400 mm等降水样带上28个科的118种C3草本植物叶片δ¹³C值的测定,探讨了C3草本植物δ¹³C和水分利用效率(WUE)对环境温度梯度变化的响应以及气候环境因素对其产生的影响,揭示了样带控制植物δ¹³C变化的主要环境因子。结果显示: 在400 mm降水带上C3植物δ¹³C分布区间为-31.5‰ -23.0‰,平均值为-27.6‰,分布范围与黄土区干旱-半干旱区C3草本植物一致。整体C3植物δ¹³C随年均温度和夏季均温升高分别变重0.14‰/℃和0.27‰/℃,指示植物WUE随大气温度升高而增加。但这仅是一种表象,温度与植物碳同位素的这种关系实质上是温度升高导致的土壤相对湿度(或湿润指数)降低造成水分胁迫进而影响植物碳同位素分馏的结果,植物可利用的有效水分是本样带植物碳同位素分馏的控制因子。5种C3广适性植物δ¹³C均随温度升高而变重,但变化幅度不同,而且它们之间平均δ¹³C值有显著差异,表明不同物种的水分利用状况对温度的响应不同,说明不同物种有不同适应环境变化的策略。此外,本结果还显示不同寿命的草本植物δ¹³C值以及用碳同位素表征的WUE表现出多年生草本>2年生草本>1年生草本(可能与不同寿命草本植物的根系分布和吸水能力有关),这与Ehleringer等在沙漠地区研究的结果一致,而与湿润气候区的结果相反,表明不同寿命的草本植物δ¹³C值和WUE的变化可能与当地水分条件有关。     

Effects of light,temperature and salinity on the growth rate of harmful marine diatoms,Chaetoceros convolutus and C. concavicornis that kill netpen salmon

Chaetoceros convolutus and C. concavicornis have been implicated in the death of salmon in netpens in the Pacific Northwest by damaging the salmon's gills. To better understand how environmental factors affect the distribution of these two species, the interacting effects of light, temperature and salinity on growth rate were examined by growing these species under a range of temperatures (4–18 °C), light (10–175 μmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹) and salinities (10–30‰). For C. convolutus, the growth rate showed a hyperbolic relationship with irradiance at 8, 14 and 18 °C and light saturation occurred at 9, 14 and 20 μmol photon m^t s⁻¹ respectively. At 4 °C for C. convolutus and 8 °C for C. concavicornis, cells grew at μ_max, even at the lowest irradiances tested (10 μmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹). For C. convolutus, the amount of light required to saturate growth rate increased with temperature in an approximately linear fashion. The Q₁₀ was 1.88, calculated by averaging over both species. C. concavicornis was the more euryhaline species growing at salinities as low as 17.5‰, while C. convolutus grew only at 25‰ and above.     

黄土丘陵区退耕草地群落优势种叶片光合生理对氮磷添加的响应

以黄土丘陵区退耕草地群落典型优势种白羊草、长芒草和达乌里胡枝子为研究对象,测定不同氮磷（主区N：0,50,100 kg N hm^-2 a^-1;副区P：0,40,80 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 a^-1）添加处理下叶片光合气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、叶片氮磷含量、光合氮利用效率（PNUE）和光合磷利用效率（PPUE）,探究不同优势种光合生理特征对外源氮磷添加的响应特征与物种差异。结果表明：单独氮添加下,3个优势种的净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率（WUE_i）、气孔限制值（Ls）和光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）活性高于或显著高于未施肥处理,白羊草和达乌里胡枝子的PNUE和PPUE以及长芒草的PPUE显著增加。单独磷添加下,仅达乌里胡枝子的P_n、WUE_i、Ls和PNUE相比未施肥处理显著增加。氮磷共同添加下,50 kg N hm^-2 a^-1处理下,施磷后达乌里胡枝子的P_n以及三个优势种的PNUE显著增加,白羊草的PPUE显著降低;100 kg N hm^-2 a^-1处理下,施磷后达乌里胡枝子的P_n和PNUE均显著增加,白羊草PPUE和长芒草的PNUE的仅在40 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 a^-1处理下显著增加。3个优势种的P_n均与PSⅡ最大光化学效率和叶片氮含量呈显著正相关关系,长芒草和达乌里胡枝子的P_n与PSⅡ潜在活性和叶片磷含量呈显著正相关关系。总体表明,氮磷对黄土丘陵区退耕草地优势种光合生理具有一定的交互作用,物种属性和施肥水平影响其光合生理特征响应程度。     

Feeding rates and selectivity among nauplii, copepodites and adult females of Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus

This study focuses on selective feeding by developmental stages of two oceanic copepods, Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus from nauplii to adults. A mixture of four algal species of different biochemical composition, Prorocentrum nanum (dinoflagellate), Thalassiosira minima (diatom), Rhodomonas baltica (cryptophyte) and Dunaliella tertiolecta (chlorophyte), added in an equal biovolume, was used in three different experimental set-ups. In set-up 1 the algal species were present as single cells of similar size (14 μm). In set-up 2 the diatom T. minima was present in chains of two or three cells and was therefore larger than the other algae, while the biovolume of all species remained the same. In set-up 3, the diatom T. minima was excluded from the mixture. Feeding selectivity of the copepods was assessed in relation to the quality of the algal species expressed in terms of carbon and nitrogen content, fatty acid composition, and chain length of the diatom. The results show that younger stages and adult females of C. finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus did not show a preference for an algal species when the algae were of similar size. In the feeding experiments where the diatoms were offered as chains, both copepod species showed a selective behaviour only on the basis of algal size. Individual ingestion rates increased from 0.4 to 0.7 μg C day^–1 for nauplii of both species to 5 μg C day^–1 for adult females of C. helgolandicus to 12 μg C day^–1 for C. finmarchicus. Individual filtration rates ranged from 5 ml day^–1 for C. finmarchicus nauplii to 70–98 ml day^–1 for adult females, and from 3 ml day^–1 for C. helgolandicus nauplii to 35–46 ml day^–1 for adult females. Ingestion and filtration rates per unit body carbon decreased gradually in both copepod species with increasing body carbon. The daily ingested amount of food decreased for C. finmarchicus from 124–134% of the body carbon for nauplii to 19% of the body carbon for adult females, and for C. helgolandicus from 117–137% of the body carbon for nauplii to 13–26% of the body carbon of adult females. Electronic Publication     

黄河口近海海草床浮游-底栖营养传递特征

为了探寻海草床浮游-底栖营养传递耦合特征,于2017年7月对黄河口近海海草床碳源和消费者功能群进行样品采集和碳氮稳定同位素（δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N）测定,计算了消费者功能群的营养级,利用基于贝叶斯的稳定同位素混合模型定量化消费者功能群的食源组成,计算了消费者功能群的浮游、底栖营养贡献比例。结果表明：黄河口近海海草床的碳源和消费者功能群的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值均呈现显著性差异（P<0.05）,浮游碳源的δ¹³C值显著低于底栖碳源,消费者功能群的营养级范围为1.49-4.20。浮游动物和腹足类分别由浮游和底栖营养传递途径提供能量来源,其余消费者功能群共同依赖于这两种营养传递路径。消费者功能群随着浮游营养贡献比例的增加,其δ¹³C值逐渐降低。反之,随着底栖营养贡献比例的增加,其δ¹³C值逐渐增加。这与浮游碳源和底栖碳源的δ¹³C值的分化现象一致。对该海草床营养传递特征的系统性定量化解析有助于了解海草床的能量传递模式,为海草床的生态保护和修复提供系统性视角。     

内蒙古草原常见植物叶片δ13C和δ15N对环境因子的响应

在中国东北样带沿线的内蒙古草原地区采集了一些常见植物的叶片样品,并测定其δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值,分析了其统计学特征以及对环境因子(年平均降雨量和温度)的响应模式。发现东北样带草原区同时存在C₃和C₄两种不同光合途径的植物,但是C₃植物占主导地位,C₄植物数量有限。C₃植物叶片δ¹³C随着年平均降雨量和年平均温度的升高而显著降低,反映了此区域C₃植物δ¹³C受控于降水量和温度。C₄植物的叶片δ¹³C值随着降雨量的增多而有轻微升高的趋势,但是C₄植物的叶片δ¹³C值对年平均温度的响应不敏感。不论对C₃植物还是C₄植物而言,叶片δ¹⁵N都随降雨量增加而显著降低,即干旱区的植物叶片δ¹⁵N大于湿润地区,这说明降水是影响植物叶片δ¹⁵N的一个重要因素。然而两者叶片δ¹⁵N对温度的响应不敏感。     

Epidermal growth factor accelerates recovery of LLC-PK1 cells following oxidant injury

Summary In renal tubular epithelial cells, oxidant injury results in several metabolic alterations including ATP depletion, decreased Na⁺K⁺ ATPase activity, and altered intracellular sodium and potassium content. To investigate the recovery of LLC-PK1 cells following oxidant injury and to determine if recovery can be accelerated, we induced oxidant stress in LLC-PK1 cells with 500 μM hydrogen peroxide for 60 min. Identical cohorts of oxidant-stressed cells were incubated in recovery medium without epidermal growth factor (EGF) or recovery medium containing 25 ng EGF per ml. ATP levels, Na⁺K⁺ ATPase activity in whole cells, Na⁺K⁺ ATPase activity in disrupted cells, and intracellular sodium and potassium ion content were determined at 0, 5, 24, 48, and 72 h following oxidant injury in each cohort of cells. In oxidant-stressed cells recovering in medium without EGF, ATP levels, Na⁺K⁺ ATPase activity, and intracellular ion content improved but continued to remain substantially lower than control values at all time points following oxidant stress. In cells recovering in medium with EGF, ATP levels, Na⁺K⁺ ATPase activity, and the intracellular potassium-to-sodium ratio were significantly higher at nearly all time points than values in cells recovering in medium alone. In cells recovering with added EGF, Na⁺K⁺ ATPase activity had improved to control levels, whereas ATP levels and intracellular ion content approached control values by 72 h following oxidant stress. We conclude that oxidant-mediated ATP depletion, altered Na⁺K⁺ ATPase activity, and intracellular ion content remain depressed for several d following oxidant stress and that EGF accelerated recovery of LLC-PK1 cells from oxidant injury.     

来源于中国南海的微生物新种乙醇速生杆菌(Celeribacter ethanolicus)多相分类研究

【目的】研究来源于南海海水的一株速生杆菌属菌株NH195^T 的多相分类。【方法】采用表型、基因型和化学分类方法,并综合系统发育关系结果,分析菌株NH195^T 的分类学地位。【结果】菌株NH195^T 是一株革兰氏阴性、好氧、杆状、无运动性细菌;能积累Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB);能在0.5%-10.0% (质量体积比) NaCl 浓度,pH 5.0-9.0 和20-40 ℃ 条件下生长,最适NaCl 生长浓度为1.0%-3.0%;氧化酶、触酶和脲酶反应结果阳性。菌株NH195^T 主要呼吸醌为Q-10,主要脂肪酸为C_18:1ω7c、C_18:1ω6c 和11 methyl C_18:1ω7c,主要极性脂为磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰甘油、双磷脂酰甘油、一个未知的氨基脂和两个未知脂。基因组G+C 含量为61.3 mol%。基于16S rRNA 基因的系统发育结果显示,菌株NH195^T 隶属于速生杆菌属;其与速生杆菌属标准菌株的16S rRNA 基因相似性范围为94.4%-97.7%。菌株NH195^T 与速生杆菌属标准菌株C. halophilus ZXM137^T 和C. indicus P73^T 的平均核苷酸一致性(ANI)分别为78.6%和78.0%;基于基因组数据计算所得的DNA 杂交同源率分别为26.1%和23.0%。【结论】基于表型和基因型结果,菌株NH195^T 代表了速生杆菌属一个新物种,命名为Celeribacter ethanolicus,标准菌株为NH195^T (CGMCC 1.15406^T=JCM 31095^T)。     

甘肃中东部地区9种薹草属植物分布区群落特征和土壤养分状况

为探究薹草属(Carex L.)植物在不同植被类型中的分布状况,该研究对甘肃中东部地区9种薹草属(Carex L.)植物分布区的群落特征进行调查,并对土壤养分状况进行比较分析,以揭示野生薹草群落物种多样性和分布特征与土壤环境因子间的关系。结果表明：(1) 9种薹草群落物种多样性差异性较大,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson优势度指数(D_si)均以青绿薹草群落最高,亚柄薹草最低;Patrick丰富度指数(R)以异穗薹草群落最高,细叶薹草群落最低;Pielou均匀度指数(J_sw)以凹脉薹草群落最高,亚柄薹草最低。(2) 9种野生薹草属植物适宜生长的土壤pH呈中性或弱碱性,且有机质、氮素、钾素含量较丰富,磷含量偏低;土壤有机质、pH、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的平均值分别为41.07 g·kg^-1、8.35、1.16 g·kg^-1、0.65 g·kg^-1、5.60 g·kg^-1、47.94 mg·kg^-1、5.82 mg·kg^-1和100.60 mg·kg^-1。(3) 9种薹草属植物群落物种多样性与全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有机质、降雨量和海拔呈正相关关系,而与土壤pH、速效磷、速效钾呈负相关关系,且降雨量、土壤pH、速效磷和有机质对9种野生薹草属植物群落物种多样性影响较大。     

Down regulation of CYP 1A1 by glucocorticoids in trout hepatocytes in vitro

Summary Short-term culture of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes was used to examine the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on microsomal CYP 1A1 protein content and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in vitro. Hepatocytes prepared by controlled collagenase digestion and plated at a density of 0.25 × 10⁶ cells/cm² in plastic culture dishes precoated with trout skin extract (7.6 μg skin protein/cm²) to facilitate cell attachment were maintained at 16° C. Cells were treated with DEX (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁷ M) or vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) at 24 h. Microsomal CYP 1A1 protein content and EROD activities were measured at 72 h. Both CYP 1A1 protein as measured by Western blots using CYP 1A1 specific anti-sera and EROD activity were significantly lower in DEX (10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁷ M)-treated hepatocytes compared to untreated (control) or DMSO-treated cells. The effect was dose dependent in that a gradual decrease of CYP 1A1 protein and EROD activities were seen with increasing doses of DEX (10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁷ M). DEX at 10⁻⁹ M was ineffective. Concomitant addition of 10⁻⁶ M RU486, a type II specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, to hepatocytes treated with 10⁻⁷ M DEX abolished the DEX effect. RU486 at 10⁻⁸ M was ineffective. Spironolactone (10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁶ M), a type I specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, did not counteract the DEX effect. RU486 or spironolactone (10⁻⁶ M) alone had no effect on CYP 1A1 under similar conditions. DEX thus down regulates CYP 1A1 in fish cultured hepatocytes and this regulation is mediated through the type II glucocorticoid receptor(s).     

喀斯特不同土地利用方式和恢复模式对土壤酶活性C:N:P比值的影响

为探究喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式和生态恢复模式对土壤酶活性及其碳(C):氮(N):磷(P)比值的影响,该文在广西环江县的中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站长期定位观测试验地选取了3种土地利用方式 [退化干扰地、牧草地和果树(枇杷)林地]和4种恢复模式(常绿乔木林、落叶乔木林、常绿落叶混交林和自然恢复林)作为研究对象,分析了4种土壤酶 [β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、β-1,4-N-乙酰葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)]的活性和C:N:P比值变化与土壤生态因子之间的关系。结果表明:(1)恢复模式土壤的4种酶活性均高于土地利用方式。在不同土地利用方式中,牧草地4种酶的活性、C:P和N:P比值高于其他两种土地利用方式; 在不同恢复模式中,落叶乔木林的βG和ALP酶活性显著高于自然恢复林和常绿乔木林,常绿乔木林的NAG酶活性显著高于其他3种恢复模式,而落叶乔木林的酶活性C:P比值和常绿落叶混交林的酶活性N:P比值均显著低于其他3种恢复模式。另外,酶活性计量比值矢量角度分析显示,所有土地利用和恢复模式受磷限制。(2)4种酶活性均与土壤有机碳(SOC)、铵态氮(NH⁺₄-N)和硝态氮(NO₃^--N)含量呈显著正相关,与全磷(TP)含量呈显著负相关; βG酶活性与速效磷(AP)含量呈显著正相关,ALP酶活性与全氮(TN)含量呈显著正相关。(3)冗余分析(RDA)显示,土壤TP、NH⁺₄-N、NO₃^--N和AP含量分别解释了土壤酶活性和C:N:P比值变化的38.3%、9.5%、9.3%和8.0%。综上认为,喀斯特不同土地利用和恢复模式中土壤磷限制普遍存在,意味着土地利用开发和恢复过程中磷的赋存和转化是土壤质量改善的重点。另外,牧草地、常绿落叶混交林和落叶乔木林相对于其他土地利用和恢复模式具有较高的土壤酶活性和C:P比值以及AP含量,表明牧草和落叶植物可能对喀斯特土地利用和生态恢复过程中土壤质量改善有积极作用。     

Structural and grazing responses of zooplankton community to biomanipulation of some Dutch water bodies

Structure and grazing activities of crustacean zooplankton were compared in five lakes undergoing manipulation with several unmanipulated eutrophic (shallow) and mesotrophic (deep) lakes in The Netherlands. The biomanipulated lakes had lesser number of species and their abundance, both of rotifers and crustaceans, and had much larger mean animal size (3–11 μg C ind.⁻¹) than in the unmanipulated eutrophic lakes (0.65 μG C ind.⁻¹). WhereasD. hyalina (=D. galeata) andD. cucullata generally co-occurred in the unmanipulated lakes, in the manipulated lakes bothD. hyalina and other large-bodied daphnids,D. magna,D. pulex (=D. pulicaria), were the important grazers. In the biomanipulated lakes an increase in the individual crustacean size and of zooplankton mass were reflected in a decrease in seston concentration, higher Secchi-disc depth and a marked decrease in the share in phytoplankton biovolume of cyanobacteria. Biomass relationship between seston (150 μm) and zooplankton indicated a Monod type relationship, with an initial part of the curve in which the zooplankton responds linearly to the seston increase up to aboutca. 2 mg C l⁻¹, followed by a saturation of zooplankton mass (0.39 mg C l⁻¹) at 3–4 mg C l⁻¹ seston, and an inhibitory effect on zooplankton mass at seston levels>4 mg C l⁻¹. This latter is related to predominance in the seston of cyanobacteria. In the biomanipulated lakes, the zooplankton grazing rates often exceeded 100% d⁻¹, during the spring, and food levels generally dropped to <0.5 mg C l⁻¹. The computed specific clearance rate (SCR) of zooplankton of 1.9 l mg⁻¹ Zoop C is well within the range of SCR values (1.7–2.2 l mg⁻¹ Zoop C) from deep and mesotrophic waters, but about an order of magnitude higher than in the eutrophic lakes, with the food levels 10-fold higher. For 25% d⁻¹ clearance of lake seston between 35 and 60 ind. l⁻¹ are needed in the biomanipulated lakes against 1200–1300 ind. l⁻¹ in eutrophic lakes. Similarly, about 10 to 15 times more crustacean grazers are required to eliminate the daily primary production in the eutrophic lakes than in the biomanipulated lakes. These numbers are inversely related to the differences in animal size. The corresponding biomass values of zooplankton needed to clear the daily primary production in the eutrophic waters were 0.1–0.2 mg C l⁻¹ in the biomanipulated lakes, but about 0.45 mg C l⁻¹ in the unmanipulated eutrophic waters. Only if the water was kept persistently clear by zooplankton was there a balanced seston budget between the inputvia primary production and elimination by zooplankton. Mostly, however, the input exceeded the assimilatory removal by zooplankton, such that the estimated seston loss could be attributed to sedimentation and mineralization.     

青藏高原高寒草地不同植物功能群与土壤碳同位素特征及影响因素

青藏高原海拔高、面积广,是全球范围内最典型的高寒地区之一,探究青藏高原高寒草地植物和土壤碳稳定同位素组成(δ¹³C)特征及其控制要素,对深刻理解高寒生态系统碳循环过程具有重要意义。研究采集并测定了青藏高原不同区域135个草地样点中的植物和土壤碳稳定同位素自然丰度,探讨了不同植物功能群和表层(0-10 cm)土壤δ¹³C特征及其与气候、土壤因素的关系。结果表明:(1)杂类草δ¹³C显著低于禾本科、莎草科和豆科植物δ¹³C(P ＜ 0.05)。表层土壤δ¹³C与禾本科、莎草科、豆科植物δ¹³C呈显著正相关(P ＜ 0.05),与杂类草δ¹³C无显著相关关系,且表层土壤δ¹³C对三种植物功能群δ¹³C的敏感性为禾本科>豆科>莎草科。(2)在影响禾本科、莎草科、豆科植物和表层土壤δ¹³C的环境因子中,气候因子的相对贡献率均大于土壤因子,气候因子中太阳辐射相对贡献率最大,杂类草δ¹³C与气候和土壤因子均不存在显著相关关系。研究表明,太阳辐射是决定高寒草地生态系统植物和表层土壤δ¹³C的主要因子。研究可为青藏高原高寒草地植物和土壤δ¹³C特征与有机碳动态循环提供数据支撑和理论参考。     

ycjX和ycjF基因在布鲁氏菌热应激中的作用

【背景】细菌应对环境压力的能力对其存活和增殖及引起感染具有重要意义。充分揭示布鲁氏菌应激机制,可为防控布鲁氏菌病提供理论依据。研究发现,ycjX基因在细菌热应激时高表达且可能受σ³²调节,ycjF基因在细菌败血症期间表达显著上升,二者在革兰阴性菌中可能构成操纵子。【目的】研究ycjX和ycjF基因在布鲁氏菌热应激中的作用。【方法】对布鲁氏菌(Brucella)及其ycjX和ycjF双基因缺失株(△ycjXF)和回补株(C△ycjXF)进行热应激试验,计算3株菌的存活率。利用RT-PCR和β-半乳糖苷酶活性检测试验鉴定ycjX和ycjF的操纵子模式和启动子区域活性。利用ChIP试验分析σ³²与ycjX和ycjF的靶向调节关系。表达并纯化pGEX-4T-1-σ³²重组蛋白,凝胶电泳迁移试验分析σ³²与ycjX和ycjF之间的结合关系。【结果】热刺激后△ycjXF存活显著低于Brucella suis S2和C△ycjXF。明确布鲁氏菌ycjX和ycjF为同一转录本,确定其启动子区域具有活性。ChIP试验表明,σ³²可靶向富集在ycjXF启动子区,凝胶电泳迁移试验确定σ³²可与ycjXF体外直接结合。【结论】在σ³²的调节下,ycjX和ycjF在布鲁氏菌热应激中发挥正向作用。     

用固相pH梯度等电聚焦分析Gc蛋白亚型

用固相pH梯度等电聚焦技术及免疫固定技术对201名北京地区无关汉族群体的人血清Gc蛋白亚型进行了分型鉴定及基因频率的调查.Gc^1F为0.3698.Gc^1S为0.2812.Gc²为0.3490.观察值与期望值吻合良好(Σx²=1.057,P＞0.70)     

人T细胞系Jurkat表达特异性的C1q受体

采用酶联免疫吸附试验、流式细胞术、放射配体结合试验及蛋白质印迹等方法,首次证实了人Ｔ细胞系Jurkat表达特异性C1q受体,并对其特性进行了分析Jurkat可为C1q或抗人C1q受体抗体112识别,其对异硫氰酸荧光黄标记C1q的结合能被未标记C1q所抑制．在生理离子强度和温度条件下,Jurkat与 ¹²⁵I－C1q的结合呈持异、剂量依赖、可饱和及可逆性,每个细胞C1q结合位点数为1.1×10⁶,对C1q的K_a值为1.5×10⁷mol^-1,Hill系数为0.9643．Jurkat C1q受体识别C1q的胶原样区．该受体是分子量约70000的膜蛋白分子     

武夷山国家公园不同林地土壤呼吸动态变化及其影响因素

探明亚热带山岳型国家公园不同林地利用方式下土壤呼吸（R_s）的动态变化规律以及影响因素,对准确评价和预测该区域以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的碳收支具有重要的现实意义。以武夷山国家公园为研究对象,利用Li-8100开路式土壤碳通量测定系统对茶园、锥栗（Castanea henryi（Skam） Rehd.et Wils.）林、马尾松（Pinus massoniana Lamb.）林和裸地的土壤呼吸及近地面气温、土壤温度、土壤湿度、土壤养分和土壤微生物碳（MBC）、氮（MBN）进行测定。结果显示：（1）与近地面气温、土壤温度和土壤湿度相同,不同林地的R_s均呈现夏 > 春 > 秋 > 冬的季节动态,R_s的季节均值按大小排序为茶园（3.10 μmol m^-2 s^-1） > 马尾松（2.96 μmol m^-2 s^-1） > 锥栗（2.32 μmol m^-2 s^-1） > 裸地（1.43 μmol m^-2 s^-1）,锥栗和裸地之间、锥栗与马尾松之间均差异显著（P<0.01）。除马尾松林外,其他林地水热因子（近地面气温、土壤温度和土壤湿度）的单因子二次多项式模型对R_s的拟合度最高。水热因子共同建立的复合模型中,土壤温度、湿度的幂-指数模型对茶园R_s的拟合度较高,土壤温度和土壤湿度能够解释R_s变化的80%,马尾松林的R_s较适用于土壤温度、湿度建立的对数函数模型,而三因子线性模型（进入回归法）对锥栗林和裸地的R_s的拟合度最优,R²分别为0.565和0.281。（2）茶园和锥栗林的碳、氮、磷含量均高于马尾松林和裸地,MBN含量茶园 > 马尾松 > 锥栗 > 裸地。茶园的R_s与全磷（TP）、有效磷（AP）、全钾（TK）、速效钾（AK）含量呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关,马尾松林的R_s受TP、TK、AK含量的影响极显著（P<0.01）,锥栗林的R_s与TK、AK、MBN含量呈现显著（P<0.05）正相关,裸地的R_s受MBN含量影响较为显著（P<0.05）,4种林地土壤呼吸与养分的多元逐步回归方程R²均接近1。综上,茶园和马尾松林土壤呼吸速率较高,且所有林地的土壤呼吸均呈现夏 > 春 > 秋 > 冬的季节动态。温度和湿度与土壤呼吸的相关性强,是水热条件丰富的亚热带山岳地区土壤呼吸季节变化的主导因素,其中武夷山茶园土壤呼吸对水热因子的响应在4种林地中最为敏感。除温度和湿度外,各林地土壤呼吸受P、K元素的影响较大,其中茶园主要受P元素影响,马尾松林地受K元素影响较多。     

Gc、Pi蛋白亚型的快速微量电泳分析

用快速微量等电聚焦技术对190名北京地区汉族健康人血清Gc蛋白亚型、Pi蛋白亚型进行分型鉴定和基因频率调查.上样量为1.5μl,电泳和染色各0.5h.Gc^1F=0.4891,Gc^1S=0.2432,Gc²=0.2678.观察值与期望值吻合良好.(∑X²=1.404,0.7<P<0.8).Pi^M₁=0.7542,Pi^M₂=0.1808,Pi^M₃=0.0650,观察值与期望值吻合也良好,(∑X²=1.1233,0.7<P<0.8).