普洱茶减肥、降脂机制的探讨

普洱茶(Pu-erh tea)产于云南省南部地区,具有悠久的发展历史和丰富的文化涵蕴,被认为具有减肥、降脂、降血糖、防止心脑血管疾病等代谢性疾病功效.近几年来在人、啮齿类和细胞水平的研究表明,普洱茶的确具有减肥、降脂功效,普洱茶中的茶色素、多糖、多酚和他汀类物质可能通过抑制脂肪合成、促进脂肪氧化分解而发挥其减肥、降脂功效.本文综述了目前关于普洱茶减肥、降脂的生物学功效、活性成分、以及作用机制的相关报道,同时探讨了该领域未来的一些研究方向.     

话普洱，品普洱

近年来,随着市场的热炒,普洱茶承载了太多的沉重使命,历史的、文化的、艺术的、商业的,过去、现在、未来,甚至担负了云南茶产业做大做强的希望。于是乎,它的热是一浪高过一浪,厂家、商家蜂拥而现,各种俗称、概念风声水起,生茶、熟茶、传统普洱茶、现代普洱茶、普洱古茶、乔木普洱茶、台地普洱茶、大树普洱茶等让人眼花缭乱,茶叶界、商界、学术界众说纷纭,莫衷一是,大有“横看成岭侧成峰”之势。     

60Co γ辐照对普洱茶杀菌效果及其品质的影响

以普洱茶为研究对象,利用60Co γ射线辐照,初步研究了不同辐照剂量对普洱茶的杀菌效果及其品质的影响。结果表明:60Co γ射线能有效地杀灭普洱茶中的微生物,产品初始细菌和霉菌的数量均低于105cfu/g,经3.6kGy~5kGy剂量辐照能确保普洱茶中污染微生物的量低于1×103cfu/g,而且对普洱茶主要品质成份无明显影响。     

普洱茶风味的青稞茶配方研制

以青稞、普洱茶为主要原料,以感官评价为评定指标,对青稞与茶汤料液比、浸泡时间、烘烤温度、烘烤时间4个主要影响因素进行单因素试验,采用Central Composite Design设计方法,对普洱茶风味青稞茶进行4因素5水平的响应面试验设计,得到普洱茶风味青稞茶的最佳配方。结果表明：普洱茶风味青稞茶的最佳配方为青稞与茶汤料液比6.5 g/100 mL、浸泡时间15 min、烘烤温度207℃、烘烤时间10.6 min,为普洱茶风味青稞茶的工业化生产提供了科学依据。     

普洱茶中微生物的筛选及其安全性初步评价

目的在对普洱茶中微生物筛选和鉴定基础上对蜡样芽胞杆菌毒素基因的分布、普洱茶下调毒素基因的表达和改善肠上皮细胞的损伤进行研究。方法分别采用无菌水和沸水泡制普洱茶,获得分离株,通过16SrDNA测序以及生理生化试验确定其归属;对所筛选的菌株进行耐模拟胃肠液能力评价和毒力基因的检测;采用细胞实验和荧光定量PCR技术,研究普洱茶对蜡样芽胞杆菌毒素的抑制作用。结果无菌水浸泡普洱茶获得的45株菌中44株为芽胞杆菌属,沸水浸泡获得的7株菌均为蜡样芽胞杆菌(FBCE01、FBCE06、FBCE10、FBCE14、FBCE20、FBCE26和FBCE29),多重PCR技术结果表明其分别含有毒力基因cytK、nheA和hblD的2种或3种。耐模拟胃肠液实验表明,7株菌均具有很强的耐模拟胃肠液消化能力;细胞实验结果发现,普洱茶汤能显著降低蜡样芽胞杆菌对Caco-2细胞的粘附(P0.05);MTT实验结果显示,普洱茶能有效降低蜡样芽胞杆菌对细胞的损伤;荧光定量PCR技术结果进一步说明,普洱茶使蜡样芽胞杆菌肠毒素的mRNA表达水平下调。结论普洱茶具有抑制蜡样芽胞杆菌毒素的作用。     

普洱茶的香气成分

普洱茶（普洱熟茶）是以云南特有的大叶种茶制作的晒生毛茶（普洱生茶）为原料,经特殊的后李譬过程生产而成。与其原料晒青毛茶相比较,普洱茶的各类化学物质均发生了较大变化。本文应用气相色谱（GC）及气质联用（GC／MS／DS）技术,对云南临沧市生产的普洱茶和晒青毛茶等的香气成分进行分析比较。结果表明,普洱茶香气成分中的萜类、芳香族、以及有机酸类等化合物的组成和含量均与同一产地的晒青毛茶等均有显著的差异。     

普洱茶后发酵中咖啡碱变化研究进展(综述)

普洱茶（熟茶）的后发酵加工工艺,是形成其独特品质特征的关键工序。咖啡碱是一种甲基黄嘌呤,是茶叶中含量比较丰富的生化成分之一,也是茶叶主要呈味物质和生理活性成分,具有促进兴奋、强心、解毒、利尿、助消化等功效。咖啡碱在普洱茶后发酵过程中呈增加趋势。文章对普洱茶后发酵过程中咖啡碱变化的相关研究进行系统综述,为普洱茶咖啡碱理论研究提供科学依据。     

贮藏条件对普洱茶品质成分的影响研究

将云南普洱茶放在不同的温度、水份和时间等条件下,观察外界的不同条件对普洱茶品质成分的影响。观察结果显示:水份和温度对普洱茶贮藏的品质成分影响最为显著,在相同的贮藏时间内,提升温度以及增加水份的含量,普洱茶的茶褐素会增加,出现变色,内含的成分会有所下降,如茶多酚和儿茶素等。经过实验证明,高温、低水分是普洱茶贮藏的较好条件,能够保持茶叶色泽和香味;而低温和高水份含量则会加速普洱茶的发霉。     

曲霉属真菌在普洱茶后发酵中的作用

为阐明微生物在普洱茶后发酵过程中的作用及其机制,本文进行了普洱茶温湿度试验,并利用从普洱茶后发酵堆中分离鉴定的优势曲霉属真菌,进行接种试验和专用菌剂的发酵生产试验.结果提示,只有在微生物的作用下,普洱茶才具特有的感官特性,曲霉属真菌能控制后发酵的过程,改变茶叶的感官特性.曲霉属真菌的种类及组合对普洱熟茶的茶多酚组成与含量,以及没食子酸、茶氨酸、咖啡因等特征成分的含量均有显著的影响.因此,应用专用菌剂进行后发酵生产,能加快普洱茶的熟化速度,提高发酵成功率,保证产品质量的稳定性,使普洱熟茶的规范化生产成为可能.     

茶氨酸和没食子酸在普洱茶中的含量变化

建立高效液相色谱分析茶氨酸和没食子酸的方法,对由云南大叶茶（Camellia sinensis var．assamica）生产的晒青毛茶及其加工的普洱茶中二者的含量进行分析。结果表明,普洱茶中没食子酸的含量显著增高,而茶氨酸的含量则明显降低。茶氨酸和没食子酸的含量与原料的来源和质量,以及普洱茶的后发酵生产过程均有关系。对二者含量变化的机制进行了初步的讨论。     

Pu-Erh Tea Down-Regulates Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein and Stearyol-CoA Desaturase to Reduce Fat Storage in Caenorhaditis elegans

Consumption of Pu-erh has been reported to result in numerous health benefits, but the mechanisms underlying purported weight-loss and lowering of lipid are poorly understood. Here, we used the nematode Caenorhaditis elegans to explore the water extract of Pu-erh tea (PTE) functions to reduce fat storage. We found that PTE down-regulates the expression of the master fat regulator SBP-1, a homologue of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and its target stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a key enzyme in fat biosynthesis, leading to an increased ratio of stearic acid (C18:0) to oleic acid (C18:1n-9), and subsequently decreased fat storage. We also found that both the pharyngeal pumping rate and food uptake of C. elegans decreased with exposure to PTE. Collectively, these results provide an experimental basis for explaining the ability of Pu-erh tea in promoting inhibition of food uptake and the biosynthesis of fat via SBP-1 and SCD, thereby reducing fat storage.     

Antibacterial property and mechanism of a novel Pu-erh tea nanofibrous membrane

Pu-erh tea is made via a natural fermentation process. In this study, Pu-erh tea was used as a raw material for nanomaterials preparation and as an antibacterial agent. Antibacterial activities on Escherichia coli of Pu-erh tea, Pu-erh tea powder (PTP) of different sizes, and Pu-erh tea residual powder were firstly determined, respectively. With polyvinyl alcohol as the carrier, through an electrospinning technique, different kinds of nanofibrous membranes were obtained from the extract of Pu-erh tea and nano-PTP (NPTP), and their antibacterial properties and mechanism against E. coli were evaluated. The results showed better antibacterial activity with smaller PTP particles, the nano-sized particles had the best effects, and the MIC of NPTP was 13.5 mg/mL. When NPTP was in nanofibrous membranes, the antibacterial activity decreased slightly, but increased with modification by ZnO. Pu-erh tea in nanofibrous membranes damaged the E. coli cell membranes and caused leakage of K⁺ and enzymes. What is more is that damage of the cell walls led to the leakage of fluorescent proteins from enhanced green fluorescence protein-expressing E. coli. These results indicate that the Pu-erh tea nanofibrous membranes had good antibacterial activities against E. coli, which may provide a promising application of novel antibacterial materials.     

Development of LC-MS/MS analysis of cyclic dipeptides and its application to tea extract

2,5-Diketopiperazines (DKPs), also called cyclic dipeptides, have been known to occur in various foods. Recently, DKPs have attracted attentions as bioactive components. There were some reports on analytical methods for DKPs, but the number of analyzed DKPs was only a part of all DKPs and the quantitative performance was not studied in detail. In this study, we selected 31 kinds of DKPs and developed a quantitative and simultaneous analytical method using LC-MS/MS. This method was applied to DKPs determination in Pu-erh tea, post-fermentation tea, and 18 kinds of DKPs were determined at concentration of 0.0017–0.11 ppm. As a result of spiked test, it was concluded that the developed method using LC-MS/MS was useful for estimating DKPs concentration in tea.     

茶氨酸保健功能研究进展

茶氨酸是茶叶中特有的氨基酸,是茶叶重要活性成分之一。国内外大量研究表明它在保护神经、镇静、调节情绪、提高认知能力等方面有良好的保健作用。最新的研究进展表明茶氨酸可以通过激活T淋巴细胞起到抗肿瘤的作用。作为保健品,茶氨酸在医药和食品加工方面也有着良好的应用前景。     

Beneficial health effects of milk and fermented dairy products — Review

Milk is a complex physiological liquid that simultaneously provides nutrients and bioactive components that facilitate the successful postnatal adaptation of the newborn infant by stimulating cellular growth and digestive maturation, the establishment of symbiotic microflora, and the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues. The number, the potency, and the importance of bioactive compounds in milk and especially in fermented milk products are probably greater than previously thought. They include certain vitamins, specific proteins, bioactive peptides, oligosaccharides, organic (including fatty) acids. Some of them are normal milk components, others emerge during digestive or fermentation processes. Fermented dairy products and probiotic bacteria decrease the absorption of cholesterol. Whey proteins, medium-chain fatty acids and in particular calcium and other minerals may contribute to the beneficial effect of dairy food on body fat and body mass. There has been growing evidence of the role that dairy proteins play in the regulation of satiety, food intake and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Milk proteins, peptides, probiotic lactic acid bacteria, calcium and other minerals can significantly reduce blood pressure. Milk fat contains a number of components having functional properties. Sphingolipids and their active metabolites may exert antimicrobial effects either directly or upon digestion.     

黑曲霉单宁酶基因Tan2克隆与表达

单宁酶(Tannase,EC 3.1.1.20)能水解单宁中的酯键和羧酚酸键,产生没食子酸以及对应醇,在食品、饮料、饲料、制药、医药、化妆品等各类工业中应用广泛,也在普洱茶发酵中具有重要作用.从普洱茶发酵中分离的黑曲霉菌株PU001中克隆得到单宁酶基因Tan2,并连接到表达载体pCold-Ⅰ构建BL21-pCdd Ⅰ原...     

The biology and chemistry of hyperlipidemia

Coronary arterial diseases are responsible for more deaths than all other associated causes combined. Elevated serum cholesterol levels leading to atherosclerosis can cause coronary heart disease (CHD). Reduction in serum cholesterol levels reduces the risk for CHD, substantially. Medicinal chemists all around the world have been designing, synthesizing, and evaluating a variety of new bioactive molecules for lowering lipid levels. This review summarizes the disorders associated with elevation of lipids in blood and the current strategies to control them. The emphasis has been laid in particular on the new potential biological targets and the possible treatments as well as the current ongoing research status in the field of lipid lowering agents.     

茶树叶糖蛋白分离及鉴定的初步研究

茶叶是一种有益健康的保健食品,保健功能在于它有多种化学活性成分。近年来研究表明,茶叶糖蛋白可能是茶叶的保健因子之一。从茶树叶中提取了总蛋白、45%~70%硫酸铵分级总蛋白、分级蛋白Sephadex G-100凝胶层析分离出粗糖蛋白,根据糖蛋白糖链及蛋白的对照染色鉴定出多种茶树叶糖蛋白,并从SDS-胶上快速纯化了三种茶叶糖蛋白。ConA-Sepharose 4B亲和层析从茶树叶总蛋白中分离出16种天然活性糖蛋白。