Long-term follow-up of patients treated with radical surgery for rectal cancer

In developed societies colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequent malignant tumor which causes more than 5000 deaths yearly in Hungary. We have attempted to answer the question how to improve the above mentioned data by the long-term follow-up of patients operated upon for rectal cancer at our department. Of the patients operated on for rectal cancer at our department between March 1990 and April 2006, we have conducted regular follow-up of 297 patients according to a protocol developed by us. We have examined the length of time between the rectum operation and the diagnosis and the number of local recurrences, distant metastases, tumor progression in more than one organ as well as second tumors (independent of the rectal cancer). During this period we found 24 local recurrences, 32 distant metastases, 43 tumor progressions in more than one organ, and 21 second tumors. In two patients, in addition to distant metastases, we found a second CRC independent of the original rectal cancer, and in one patient with tumor progression in more than one organ we also detected breast cancer. In one patient we found 3 second tumors (CR, lung and urinary bladder) independent of the original rectal cancer. Altogether we found tumors in 117 out of 297 patients. During the same period, we performed 69/117 operations and 31/117 patients were alive at the end of our study with a median survival of 60.4 (3-184) months. In summary, we can state that this work is beneficial for curing the recurrence of rectal cancer, making the patients' life longer or making the quality of life better for the patients operated on for rectal cancer.     

直肠系膜切除术对直肠癌根治术后局部复发患者MMPs、CEA、CA199及生存率的影响

目的:探讨直肠系膜切除术对直肠癌根治术后局部复发患者血清基质金属蛋白酶、肿瘤标志物(CEA、CA199)及生存率的影响。方法:收集直肠原发癌位于直肠中下段的病例,行直肠癌根治术复发再入院患者48例(均为本院2010年4月-2014年3月手术后的病例),按照手术方式的不同分为2组,分别24例。对照组采用姑息性手术治疗,研究组采用直肠系膜切除术治疗,采用ELISA法测定血清MMP-2、MMP-9、CEA、CA199水平,记录所有患者术后并发症状况,术后进行随访时间为3年,比较两组1年、3年的生存率状况。结果:对照组在手术时间、出血量、住院时间上高于研究组,(P0.05);对照组在肛门排气时间上低于研究组,(P0.05);与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗2周后MMP-2、MMP-9表达水平降低,治疗2周后血清CEA、CA199表达水平降低(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组患者治疗2周后MMP-2、MMP-9表达水平较低,治疗2周后血清CEA、CA199表达水平较低(P0.05);两组患者治疗期间并发症无差异(P0.05);两组间术后1年生存率,无差异(P0.05);研究组术后3年生存率(66.67%)高于对照组(37.50%),(P0.05)。结论:直肠系膜切除术可提高直肠癌根治术后局部复发患者的长期生存率,降低血清MMP-2、MMP-9、CEA、CA199水平,安全性高,值得广泛推广。     

腹腔镜直肠癌切除术与开腹根治术的远期疗效对比

目的:比较腹腔镜直肠癌切除术与开腹根治术的远期疗效。方法:选取在我院治疗的直肠癌患者84例,随机分为观察组(腹腔镜切除术)和对照组(开腹根治术)各42例。对比两组患者的术后临床效果及1年、3年的局部复发率、远处转移率及生存率。结果:观察组术后出血量、肠功能恢复时间、保肛率、下床活动时间、术后住院天数及术后并发症均优于观察组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者淋巴结清扫个数、标本长度及远切端距离比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组手术1年和3年后局部复发率、远处转移率及生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:直肠癌采取腹腔镜切除术与开腹根治术有同样的远期治疗效果,临床上可根据患者情况优先选用。     

腹腔镜子宫切除术对宫颈癌患者近期疗效及远期复发率的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜根治性子宫切除术对宫颈癌患者近期疗效及远期复发率和生存率的影响。方法:选取2013年5月-2015年5月在我院接受手术切除治疗的宫颈癌患者71例为研究对象,根据手术方法不同将所选患者分为两组。腹腔镜组37例患者采用腹腔镜根治性子宫切除术,开腹手术组34例患者采用改良式根治性肿瘤切除术。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、肿瘤切除长度、淋巴结清扫数、盆腔引流量、术后拔管时间等近期疗效,以及远期复发率及生存率。结果:与开腹手术组比较,腹腔镜组患者手术时间长、术中出血量少,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的肿瘤切除长度及淋巴结清除数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与开腹手术组比较,腹腔镜组患者的盆腔引流量较少,术后排气时间较早,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);但两组患者术后拔管时间及住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后五年的复发率及生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜根治性子宫切除术治疗宫颈癌的近期疗效显著,且不会影响患者的远期复发率及生存率。     

关闭盆底腹膜在腹腔镜直肠癌Miles根治术中的意义

目的:探究关闭盆底腹膜在腹腔镜直肠癌Miles根治术中的意义。方法:选取2012年3月至2014年3月我院治疗的拟行腹腔镜直肠癌Miles根治术患者48例,按随机数字法分为观察组和对照组各24例,观察组在腹腔镜Miles根治术后关闭盆底腹膜,而对照组则不关闭。比较两组手术时间、骶前引流总量、切口感染率及肠梗阻发生率。结果:观察组的手术时间较对照组长(t=5.207,P=0.000),但两组的骶前引流总量、切口感染率和肠梗阻发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.210、1.000、0.602)。观察组术后分别有3例(12.50%),对照组有2例(8.33%)患者因肿瘤复发而采取放射治疗,其中仅对照组2例患者出现放射性小肠炎。结论:是否关闭盆底腹膜在腹腔镜直肠癌Miles根治术术后疗效差异不大,但关闭盆底腹膜可有效预防术后放射性治疗中放射性小肠炎的发生。     

保肛术与腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术对低位直肠癌疗效及生活质量的比较研究

目的:比较保肛术与腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术(Miles术)对低位直肠癌患者的疗效及生活质量。方法:选取我院于2016年1月至2017年7月期间收治的低位直肠癌患者50例,按照乱数表法分为观察组与对照组,两组均为25例。观察组给予保肛术治疗,对照组给予Miles术治疗。对比两组患者围手术期情况以及术后并发症发生率,采用自制评分量表评价并对比两组患者术后的生活质量,随访1年,比较两组患者的复发率和1年生存率。结果:与对照组比较,观察组术中出血量、术后恢复正常排便时间、术后排气时间以及住院时间均降低(P0.05);与对照组比较,观察组生活质量优良率明显升高(P0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组盆腔复发率、吻合口复发率低于对照组,而1年生存率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与Miles术比较,保肛术治疗低位直肠癌患者的临床疗效更好,患者术后恢复快、术后并发症发生率低,可明显改善患者的生活质量以及预后,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术在治疗老年患者中的临床研究

目的:探讨老年直肠癌患者行腹腔镜微创手术的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析了2008年7月至2011年1月本院收治的91例老年直肠癌患者,按治疗方式分为腹腔镜组39例和开腹组52例,术后随访3年,比较分析两组患者围手术期、手术并发症及预后情况。结果:腹腔镜组患者的术中出血量、肠功能恢复时间、术后发热请况及住院时间均优于开腹组(P0.05);腹腔镜组并发症发生率为2.6%,低于开腹组的21.1%(P0.05);腹腔镜组局部复发率、远处转移率及死亡率与开腹组比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:老年直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术与开腹手术效果相当,且安全、微创,但远期疗效尚需进一步研究证明。     

开放和腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者术后早期全身与腹腔炎性反应的差异

目的:探讨开放和腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者术后早期全身与腹腔炎性的反应。方法:选取我院直肠癌患者210例,开放直肠癌根治术为108例,腹腔镜根治术患者102例,开放直肠癌根治术组为对照组,腹腔镜根治术患者为实验组。对比手术一般指标以及术后炎症反应指标。结果:手术一般指标:对照组的切口长度、手术时间、排气时间、并发症发生率、住院时间和4天引流量均显著大于实验组,此6项差异存在统计学意义(P0.05);对照组的术中出血量、术后第1天引流量略高于实验组,此2项无统计学意义(P0.05)。炎症指标:术前2组4项炎症指标均无统计学意义(P0.05)。血液检查:术后第1天差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后第4天差异无统计学意义(P0.05);腹部引流物检查:第1天对照组的炎症指标均高于实验组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后第4天对照组的炎症指标均显著高于实验组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对比于传统直肠癌开放手术,腹腔镜直肠癌根治术具有创伤小、住院时间短及恢复快等优势,同时腹腔镜手术在术后炎症消退速度更快,更有利于患者恢复。     

右美托咪定联合依托咪酯对老年直肠癌根治术患者血液微转移、胃肠功能恢复和认知功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨老年直肠癌根治术患者麻醉中使用右美托咪定联合依托咪酯,机体血液微转移、胃肠功能恢复和认知功能的变化情况。方法：根据随机数字表法将我院2020年4月~2022年2月期间收治的112例老年直肠癌根治术患者分为对照组（n=56,依托咪酯麻醉）和研究组（n=56,右美托咪定联合依托咪酯麻醉）。对比两组血液微转移情况、血流动力学、麻醉效果、胃肠功能恢复情况和认知功能情况,统计两组不良反应发生情况。结果：两组术后24 h角蛋白20（CK20）阳性表达率均降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。研究组插管即刻、术毕即刻、拔管即刻心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）均高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组气管拔管时间、呼吸恢复时间、麻醉苏醒时间组间对比差异不明显（P>0.05）。研究组进食时间、首次排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间均较对照组更短（P<0.05）。研究组术后1 d、术后3 d简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）评分高于对照组,术后认知功能障碍（POCD）发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：依托咪酯联合右美托咪定用于老年直肠癌根治术患者,麻醉效果较好,可维持血流动力学稳定,降低血液微转移,改善胃肠功能和认知功能。     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌全直肠系膜切除治疗直肠癌临床疗效

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌全直肠系膜切除治疗直肠癌的临床疗效。方法:选择我院2012年12月~2013年12月行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术(A组)和开腹直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术(B组)的患者,各40例,比较两组患者手术时间、肠道排气时间、住院时间、术后下床时间、术后并发症和标本病理情况。结果:1相比B组,A组手术时间较长,术中出血量少,肠道排气时间短,住院时间短,术后下床活动时间短,术后并发症发生率低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2A、B两组淋巴结清扫数、切除标本长度、肿瘤距远切断、标本切缘情况比较差异无显著性(P均0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术相比开腹直肠癌系膜切除治疗直肠癌具有手术时间短、创伤小、术后恢复快,并发症少的优点,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Survival among clinical stage I–III rectal cancer patients treated with different preoperative treatments: A population-based comparison

BackgroundRadical resection is regarded as the cornerstone of rectal cancer treatment. Preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy are often administered. This population-based study compares the survival in clinical stage I–III rectal cancer patients who received either preoperative radiotherapy, preoperative chemoradiotherapy or no preoperative therapy. As secondary research questions, the association of type of radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy on survival is also investigated.MethodsPatients diagnosed between January 2006 and December 2011 with stage I–III rectal adenocarcinoma were retrieved from the Belgian Cancer Registry database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to evaluate the association of preoperative treatment, type of radical resection and use of adjuvant chemotherapy with survival, adjusting for the baseline characteristics age, gender, WHO performance status and clinical stage.ResultsA total of 5173 rectal cancer patients were identified. Preoperative treatment was as follows: none in 1354 (26.2%), radiotherapy in 797 (15.4%) and chemoradiotherapy in 3022 (58.4%) patients. The patient group who did not receive preoperative therapy or radiotherapy followed by radical resection had a lower observed survival compared to the patient group receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The patient groups who underwent abdominoperineal excision and those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had a worse observed survival compared to the patient group treated with sphincter-sparing surgery and no adjuvant therapy respectively. These effects were age-dependent. Multivariable analysis demonstrated similar findings for the observed survival conditional on surviving the first year since surgery.ConclusionIn this population-based study among clinical stage I–III rectal cancer patients treated with radical resection, a superior observed survival was noticed in the patient group receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy compared to the patients groups receiving no or preoperative radiotherapy only, adjusting for case mix, type of radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Additionally, higher adjusted observed survival was also detected for the patient groups with sphincter-sparing surgery or no adjuvant chemotherapy.     

进展期胃癌根治术后早期复发的影响因素分析

目的:分析影响进展期胃癌根治术后早期复发的相关因素,为临床干预工作提供依据。方法:选取2009年6月至2012年7月本院收治的195例进展期胃癌患者作为研究对象,所有患者均接受胃癌根治术治疗,根据患者术后1年内复发与否将上述患者分为早期复发组(n=103)与对照组(n=92)。先后采用x2检验、非条件Logistic回归分析确定影响进展期胃癌根治术后早期复发的独立相关因素。结果:单因素分析发现,两组患者的肿瘤直径、Borrmann分型、Lauren分型、T分期、N分期、TNM分期、新辅助化疗、术后化疗等指标相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者的性别、年龄、体质指数、肿瘤位置、分化程度、手术方式、腹腔镜手术等指标相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。非条件Logistic回归发现,N分期、TNM分期是影响进展期胃癌根治术后早期复发的独立危险因素,而新辅助化疗是独立保护因素。结论:进展期胃癌的N分期、TNM分期是其术后早期复发的独立危险因素,采取而新辅助化疗可降低进展期胃癌根治术后早期复发率。     

手辅助腹腔镜在肛门全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位直肠癌中的应用价值

目的:探讨手辅助腹腔镜在肛门全直肠系膜切除术(TaTME)治疗中低位直肠癌中的应用价值。方法:选取2014年5月至2016年9月期间在广州市红十字会医院接受TaTME术治疗的中低位直肠癌患者130例为研究对象,根据数字表法将其随机分为研究组和对照组,其中研究组(60例)患者行手辅助腹腔镜下TaTME术治疗,对照组(70例)行腹腔镜下TaTME术治疗。比较两组手术时间、淋巴结清扫数目、术中出血量、保肛率、住院时间、切口愈合时间、首次下床活动时间,并比较两组术后并发症发生率、远期复发率及死亡率。结果:研究组术中出血量、手术时间较对照组减少(P<0.05),而保肛率、淋巴结清扫数目两组比较无差异(P>0.05)。研究组首次下床活动时间、切口愈合时间较对照组缩短(P<0.05),而术后住院时间两组比较无差异(P>0.05)。研究组术后出现切口感染、吻合口瘘、尿道感染、盆腔脓肿及肠梗阻等并发症发生率为3.33%(2/60),少于对照组的10.00%(7/70),但两组比较无差异(P>0.05)。术后4年内,研究组总复发率和总死亡率与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:中低位直肠癌患者行TaTME术治疗,运用手辅助腹腔镜可明显缩短手术时间,减少术中出血,尽快促进切口愈合,且术后并发症发生率、远期复发率及死亡率较低,实用性高,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术的临床疗效及对患者血清SF, SIL-2R及TSGF水平的影响

目的:分析腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术的临床疗效及对血清铁蛋白(SF)、可溶性白介素-2受体(SIL-2R)、肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)的影响。方法:选择2012年8月~2016年2月于我院就诊的98例膀胱癌患者,参照抽签法分作对照组(n=49)与研究组(n=49),对照组采用开放性膀胱癌根治术治疗,研究组采用腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术治疗,观察两组手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、住院时间、淋巴结清扫数目,SF、SIL-2R、TSGF,白细胞数、皮质醇,并发症率及复发率。结果:研究组手术时间多于对照组,研究组术中出血量、肛门排气时间、住院时间均少于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组淋巴结清扫数目、复发率比较无差异(P0.05)。术后,两组SF、SIL-2R、TSGF均降低,组间比较无差异(P0.05),两组白细胞数、皮质醇均上升,研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:LRC与ORC的临床疗效相似,均可降低血清SF、SIL-2R、TSGF水平,但LRC的创伤较小,在严格掌握适应症的情况下可作为膀胱癌的首选方式。     

右美托咪定复合羟考酮在腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者术后镇痛中的作用及对应激反应和胃肠功能恢复的影响

摘要 目的：观察腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者应用右美托咪定复合羟考酮在术后镇痛中的作用以及对应激反应和胃肠功能恢复的影响。方法：纳入我院2018年1月~2019年12月收治的腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者100例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=50,术后镇痛选用羟考酮）和研究组（n=50,术后镇痛选用右美托咪定复合羟考酮）。观察术后镇痛、镇静情况,分析术后不同时间点应激反应指标变化情况,观察两组术后胃肠功能恢复情况和不良反应情况。结果：两组术后不同时间点（3 h、12 h、24 h）Ramsay镇静评分、视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分随着时间的延长而降低（P＜0.05）。研究组术后不同时间点（3 h、12 h、24 h）VAS评分均低于对照组,Ramsay镇静评分则高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组肠鸣音出现时间、排气时间、排便时间组间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组术后不同时间点（3 h、12 h、24 h）的白介素-6（IL-6）、皮质醇（Cor）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）水平先升高后降低（P<0.05）。研究组术后12 h和术后24 h的IL-6、Cor、NE水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：右美托咪定复合羟考酮应用于腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者,可获得良好的镇静镇痛效果,同时还可减轻机体应激反应,且不影响机体胃肠功能恢复,安全有效。     

Blood group as a prognostic indicator in breast cancer.

A retrospective analysis of 1001 patients with invasive breast cancer showed a difference in survival between patients with different blood groups. Analysis of time from operation to local recurrence and to general recurrence reinforced this finding. The difference between blood groups became increasingly significant after accepted prognostic factors were allowed for. Patients at particularly high risk of early death or general recurrence were those with blood groups B and AB, those with group AB having a greater relative local recurrence rate.     

直肠癌功能性扩大根治术

目的:探讨直肠癌保留植物神经的扩大根治术的相关问题,旨在提高生存质量。方法:分别从植物神经的解剖、生理、手术方法及效果等方面,结合我院的经验与国内外的发展现状,分析总结功能性直肠癌扩大根治手术的方法,注意事项及其疗效等。结果:136例功能性直肠癌扩大根治手术与一般根治手术相比,术后排尿,性功能等方面,有明显的改善,而没有增加术后局部复发率及降低生存率。结论:功能性扩大根治手术明显降低了男性直肠癌患者的术后排尿和性功能障碍发生率,并且没有增加局部复发率及降低生存率。合理选择手术指证下应用功能性扩大根治手术,适合于DukesA、B、C期的病人,能显著改善患者术后的生存质量。功能性扩大根治手术是治疗直肠癌最理想的术式。     

不同切口下乳腺癌根治术的临床疗效对比分析

目的:探讨不同切口下乳腺癌根治术的临床效果。方法:将140例乳腺癌患者根据治疗方法的不同分为对照组60例和治疗组80例,两组都行乳腺癌改良根治术,对照组采用Halsted-Meyer纵切口,治疗组采用Stewart横切口。比较两组手术并发症的发生情况、术后局部复发与远处转移的情况以及生存质量的改变情况。结果:所有患者都顺利完成手术,与对照组相比,治疗组术后皮瓣下积液、皮瓣坏死、上肢淋巴水肿的并发症发生率均明显降低(P0.05),术后躯体、心理、社会支持、精神评分均明显升高(P0.05),术后6个月的局部复发率与远处转移率均明显降低(P0.05)。结论:横切口下实施乳腺癌改良根治术能减少术后并发症,提高患者的术后生存质量,改善患者的远期预后。     

腹腔镜结肠癌根治术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌的疗效和安全性及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:比较分析腹腔镜和开腹结肠癌根治术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌的临床疗效和安全性及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:根据随机数字表法,将64例老年局部进展期结肠癌患者随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,每组各32例,分别接受腹腔镜、开腹结肠癌根治术治疗。比较两组手术相关指标、手术前后免疫功能变化、术后近远期并发症的发生情况及预后。结果:与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者手术时间明显延长,而术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间则明显缩短(P<0.05)。两组淋巴结清扫数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,腹腔镜组CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值均明显高于开腹组(P<0.05),且与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者术后切口感染的发生率明显降低(P<0.05),两组其他近期并发症如吻合口瘘、吻合口出血,远期并发症如黏连性肠梗阻、切口疝的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腹腔镜组与开腹组术后2年的局部复发率、1年和2年生存率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术和开腹手术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌患者的临床疗效和预后相当,但腹腔镜手术对患者的免疫功能影响更小,且安全性更高。     

Comparison of Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery and Total Mesorectal Excision in the Treatment of T1 Rectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for the treatment of early-stage rectal cancer has attracted attention due to its advantages of reduced surgical trauma, fewer complications, low operative mortality, rapid postoperative recovery and short hospital stay. However, there are still significant controversies regarding TEM for the treatment of rectal cancer, mainly related to the prognosis associated with this method.

Objective

This study sought to compare the efficacy of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) and total mesorectal excision (TME) for the treatment of T1 rectal cancer.

Methods

We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase and CNKI databases. Based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, we screened the trials, evaluated the quality and extracted the data.

Results

One randomized controlled trial (RCT) and six non-randomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were included in the meta-analysis (a total of 860 rectal cancer patients were included; 303 patients were treated with TEM, and 557 patients were treated with TME). Analysis revealed that all seven studies reported local recurrence rates, and there was a significant difference between the TEM and TME groups [odds ratio (OR) = 4.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.03, 10.53), P = 0.0003]. A total of five studies reported distant metastasis rates, and there was no significant difference between the TEM and TME groups [OR = 0.74, 95%CI (0.32, 1.72), P = 0.49]. A total of six studies reported postoperative overall survival of the patients, and there was no significant difference between the TEM and TME groups [OR = 0.87, 95%CI(0.55, 1.38), P = 0.55]. In addition, two studies reported the postoperative disease-free survival rates of patients, and there was no significant difference between the TEM and TME groups [OR = 1.12, 95%CI (0.31, 4.12), P = 0.86].

Conclusions

For patients with T1 rectal cancer, the distant metastasis, overall survival and disease-free survival rates did not differ between the TEM and TME groups, although the local recurrence rate after TEM was higher than that after TME.