米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)果胶酸内切水解酶(PGA)在原核系统中重组表达

果胶酶具有广阔的商业用途,在食品工业上主要用于果汁和酒类的澄清、提高植物油的提取率、提高水果的硬度和植物纤维脱胶。米曲霉(Aspergillusoryzae)一直用于传统发酵食品的生产,自然条件下其果胶酶的产量较低。文献报道的果胶酶的重组表达成功的例子较少,且活性较低。通过RT-PCR的方法,获得不含信号肽的果胶酸内切水解酶A(polygalacturonaseA,PGA)的cDNA,PGAcDNA连入pET-28a( )载体,构建pET-28a( )-pga质粒。pET-28a( )-pga转化Turner(DE3)placⅠ细胞,得到转化子pET-28a( )-pga-Turner(DE3)placⅠ,首次实现了米曲霉PGA在大肠杆菌系统中过表达,进一步对PGA在大肠杆菌系统中表达的条件进行了研究。在37℃、220r/min条件培养pET-28a( )-pga-Turner(DE3)placⅠ细胞,OD600至0·8左右时,用500μmol/Lisopropylβ-D-thiogalactogalactopyranoside(IPTG)进行诱导表达,在15℃和170r/min条件下继续培养24h,表达效果最好,相对于每毫升培养基而言,产酶可达到70u/mL,是米曲霉自然条件产酶量的87·5倍,远优于文献报道的重组表达的PGA酶活。     

米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）果胶酸内切水解酶（PGA）在原核系统中重组表达

果胶酶具有广阔的商业用途,在食品工业上主要用于果汁和酒类的澄清、提高植物油的提取率、提高水果的硬度和植物纤维脱胶。米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）一直用于传统发酵食品的生产,自然条件下其果胶酶的产量较低。文献报道的果胶酶的重组表达成功的例子较少,且活性较低。通过RT-PCR 的方法,获得不含信号肽的果胶酸内切水解酶A(polygalacturonase A, PGA) 的cDNA,PGA cDNA 连入pET-28a (+)载体, 构建 pET-28a (+)-pga 质粒。pET-28a (+)-pga 转化Turner (DE3) placⅠ细胞,得到转化子pET-28a (+)-pga-Turner (DE3) placⅠ,首次实现了米曲霉PGA在大肠杆菌系统中过表达,进一步对PGA在大肠杆菌系统中表达的条件进行了研究。在37℃、220 r/min条件培养pET-28a (+)-pga-Turner (DE3) placⅠ细胞,OD₆₀₀至 0.8左右时,用500μmol/L isopropyl β-D-thiogalactogalactopyranoside (IPTG)进行诱导表达,在15℃和170r/min条件下继续培养24 h,表达效果最好,相对于每毫升培养基而言,产酶可达到70u/mL,是米曲霉自然条件产酶量的87.5倍,远优于文献报道的重组表达的PGA酶活     

米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）果胶酸内切水解酶（PGA）在原核系统中重组表达

果胶酶具有广阔的商业用途,在食品工业上主要用于果汁和酒类的澄清、提高植物油的提取率、提高水果的硬度和植物纤维脱胶。米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）一直用于传统发酵食品的生产,自然条件下其果胶酶的产量较低。文献报道的果胶酶的重组表达成功的例子较少,且活性较低。通过RT-PCR 的方法,获得不含信号肽的果胶酸内切水解酶A(polygalacturonase A, PGA) 的cDNA,PGA cDNA 连入pET-28a (+)载体, 构建 pET-28a (+)-pga 质粒。pET-28a (+)-pga 转化Turner (DE3) placⅠ细胞,得到转化子pET-28a (+)-pga-Turner (DE3) placⅠ,首次实现了米曲霉PGA在大肠杆菌系统中过表达,进一步对PGA在大肠杆菌系统中表达的条件进行了研究。在37℃、220 r/min条件培养pET-28a (+)-pga-Turner (DE3) placⅠ细胞,OD₆₀₀至 0.8左右时,用500μmol/L isopropyl β-D-thiogalactogalactopyranoside (IPTG)进行诱导表达,在15℃和170r/min条件下继续培养24 h,表达效果最好,相对于每毫升培养基而言,产酶可达到70u/mL,是米曲霉自然条件产酶量的87.5倍,远优于文献报道的重组表达的PGA酶活     

寄生曲霉脂肪酶的全基因合成、原核表达及其结构分析

根据寄生曲霉脂肪酶基因序列(GenBank登录号:AF404488)及大肠杆菌密码子的偏爱性,应用重叠延伸PCR技术,人工合成了寄生曲霉脂肪酶基因lipAP.将基因克隆到pFL-B13cl载体上获得重组质粒pFL-B13cl/Lip AP,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行优化表达.融合蛋白Sumo-LipAP在0.1 mmol/L IPTG、37℃条件下诱导6 h表达量最高.SDS-PAGE分析显示融合蛋白His-Sumo-LipAP以包涵体形式表达,大小约为53 kD.复性后透析处理,大部分融合蛋白转化为正确构象且具有催化活性,经一步疏水层析其纯度可达98％.生物信息学工具预测和分析发现,LipAP空间结构保守,具有催化三联体(Ser173-Asp226-His288)、活性部位盖子(S111YSIRNWVTDAT122)及保守五肽(GHSLG)3个功能域.     

米曲霉木聚糖酶基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的:构建米曲霉木聚糖酶基因的真核表达载体,并转化巴斯德毕赤酵母,进行分泌表达。方法:以米曲霉总RNA为模板,根据已知的米曲霉木聚糖酶基因序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR技术克隆木聚糖酶基因cDNA序列,将其与pPIC9K质粒连接构建表达载体后转化毕赤酵母,经MM/MD快慢斑筛选,得到Muts型重组子,进行甲醇诱导表达。结果:克隆得到的cDNA序列全长666 bp,连续编码221个氨基酸;阳性克隆子在诱导培养数天后,将菌液点于RBB-木聚糖平板上,产生了明显的透明圈,表明重组木聚糖酶在毕赤酵母中获得表达。结论:木聚糖酶基因的真核表达载体构建成功,并能够在毕赤酵母中表达。     

米曲霉异源蛋白表达系统研究进展及展望

米曲霉作为一种重要的工业微生物,在异源蛋白表达方面已有广泛应用,受限于被表达蛋白的修饰及分泌过程,目前实际生产使用的基因供体主要局限于其他真菌,尤其是丝状真菌。当外源基因来源于植物、昆虫和哺乳动物时,米曲霉所生产的异源蛋白产量及生物活性往往不尽如人意。本文综述了米曲霉作为宿主表达异源蛋白的研究进展,包括其现有的遗传操作手段及异源表达方面的应用及探索,重点介绍了应用过程中面临的挑战和解决策略,另外,对米曲霉表达异源蛋白的应用前景及发展方向进行了展望。     

米曲霉外源表达系统研究进展

丝状真菌米曲霉是发酵工业的重要菌种,具有强大的蛋白分泌能力和较高的食品安全性,可作为表达外源蛋白的细胞工厂。近年来,米曲霉全基因组序列的测序完成和基于表达序列标签的基因组学研究,为深入研究米曲霉外源表达系统提供了条件。从基因组学进展、遗传转化体系等方面综述了米曲霉作为外源蛋白表达宿主的研究进展。针对米曲霉在外源蛋白表达中存在的瓶颈,提出构建蛋白酶缺陷株、使用强启动子、融合表达等策略,以提高外源蛋白的表达和产量。最后介绍了米曲霉表达系统的应用,利用米曲霉代谢工程菌生产工业用酶和次级代谢产品具有良好的前景。     

米曲霉植酸酶基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

根据已发表的植酸酶基因phyA序列(GI：4815609和GI：22901877)设计引物,以米曲霉(Asperillus oryae Cohn,编号：ACCC30155)的总DNA为模板,利用PCR扩增得到目的片段。将此片段克隆到表达载体pPIC9K的EcoRI酶切位点构建重组质粒,通过电转化方式将重组质粒转化毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)。检测结果表明,植酸酶基因在毕赤酵母中得到了表达。     

松材线虫galectin-1基因的克隆、原核表达和表达模式分析

【目的】galectin-1是凝集素的一种,广泛存在于各种生物体内,在生长发育、免疫调节方面起重要作用。本研究克隆和表达了松材线虫的galectin-1蛋白,并分析了各个龄期的表达量。【方法】设计引物,扩增松材线虫的galectin-1基因,使用双酶切的方法连接p ET-28a载体和目的基因,转化到大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,筛选阳性克隆;在不同温度下,用不同浓度的异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,Western blot检验蛋白表达情况;采用RT-PCR技术检验松材线虫各个龄期galectin-1基因的表达情况。【结果】由SMART和Predict Protein软件分析可知,该蛋白有2个结构域,并且主要由无规卷曲和β折叠构成;生物学信息分析显示,松材线虫的galectin-1与小卷蛾斯氏线虫的相似性更高;与日本血吸虫相比,线虫能很好地聚集在一个分支上。Western blot检测纯化蛋白大小与查询所得蛋白分子质量一致。RT-q PCR结果显示,以繁殖型2龄松材线虫(L_2)为对照,galectin-1基因在繁殖型3龄(L_3)、繁殖型4龄(L_4)、扩散型3龄(L_(Ⅲ))和扩散型4龄(L_(Ⅳ))松材线虫中的表达量高,尤其是在LⅢ中的表达量最高;雌雄成虫没有显著性差异。【结论】松材线虫的galectin-1基因在p ET-28a原核表达系统中呈可溶性表达,在不同龄期的表达量有差异。本研究为进一步研究松材线虫的galectin-1基因奠定了基础,为松材线虫的防治提供了新的方向。     

提高蛋白质在米曲霉中表达量的策略

米曲霉是一种重要的微生物,在食品、酿造、商业酶和医用蛋白的生产中具有广泛的应用,该菌被美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)认定为GRAS(generally regarded as safe)级。讨论了提高同源和异源蛋白在米曲霉中表达量的几种策略,包括使用强启动子、多拷贝编码基因、优化培养基和超表达血红素结构域(HBD)等。异源蛋白容易被米曲霉蛋白酶降解,表达量往往较低,因此使用蛋白酶缺陷型宿主菌是非常必要的。另外将外源蛋白与米曲霉高分泌蛋白融合表达也是提高异源蛋白产量的有效途径。     

Inter-strain expression of sequence-diverse HET domain genes severely inhibits growth of Aspergillus oryzae

ABSTRACT

In the Pezizomycotina (filamentous ascomycete) species, genes that encode proteins with an HET domain (Pfam: PF06985) are reportedly involved in heterokaryon incompatibility (HI) in which cell death or growth defects are induced after fusion of cells that are genetically incompatible owing to diversities in their nucleotide sequence. HET domain genes are commonly found in Pezizomycotina genomes and are functionally characterized in only a few species. Here, we compared 44 HET domain genes between an incompatible strain pair of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 and RIB128 and performed inter-strain expression of 37 sequence-diverse genes for mimicking HI. Four HET domain genes were identified to cause severe growth inhibition in a strain- or sequence-specific manner. Furthermore, SNPs responsible for the inhibition of cell growth were identified. This study provides an important insight into the physiological significance of sequence diversity of HET domain genes and their potential functions in HI of A. oryzae.     

Cloning and sequencing of the triacylglycerol lipase gene of Aspergillus oryzae and its expression in Escherichia coli

Aspergillus oryzae produces at least three extracellular lipolytic enzymes, L1, L2 and L3 (cutinase, mono- and diacylglycerol lipase, and triacylglycerol lipase, respectively). We cloned the triacylglycerol lipase gene (provisionally designated tglA) by screening a genomic library using a PCR product obtained with two degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to amino acid sequences of L3 as probes. Nucleotide sequencing of the genomic DNA and cDNA revealed that the L3 gene (tglA) has an open reading frame comprising 954 nucleotides, which contains three introns of 47, 83 and 62 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence of the tglA gene corresponds to 254 amino acid residues including a signal sequence of 30 amino acids and, in spite of the difference in substrate specificity, it is homologous to those of cutinases from fungi. Three residues presumed to form the catalytic triad, Ser, Asp and His, are conserved. The cloned cDNA of the tglA gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and enzyme assaying and zymography revealed that the cloned cDNA encodes a functional triacylglycerol lipase.     

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of one of the most highly expressed genes, a pdcA homolog of Aspergillus nidulans, in Aspergillus oryzae

A homolog of Aspergillus nidulans pdcA that is probably one of the most highly expressed in Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 22788 was isolated, as measured by the frequency among randomly selected 324 expressed sequence tags. It has an 1,632 bp open reading frame for a polypeptide of about 60 kDa. Its amino acid sequence revealed 74% identity and 84% similarity to that of A. nidulans pyruvate decarboxylase.     

Ergothioneine production with Aspergillus oryzae

To establish a reliable and practical ergothioneine (ERG) supply, we employed fermentative ERG production using Aspergillus oryzae, a fungus used for food production. We heterologously overexpressed the egt-1 and -2 genes of Neurospora crassa in A. oryzae and succeeded in producing ERG (231.0 mg/kg of media, which was 20 times higher than the wild type).

Abbreviations: ERG: ergothioneine; HER: hercynine; Cys-HER: hercynylcysteine-sulfoxide; SAM: S-adenosylmethionine; SAH: S-adenosylhomocysteine; l-His: l-histidine; l-Cys: l-cysteine; LC-ESI-MS: liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry     

Molecular Cloning and Overexpression of fleA Gene Encoding a Fucose-specific Lectin of Aspergillus oryzae

A protein from the cell lysate of Aspergillus oryzae was purified by column chromatography immobilized with a ferrichrysin (Fcy), which is one of the siderophores of A. oryzae. It is produced only in an iron-deficient culture and its molecular weight is estimated as 35,000 by SDS-PAGE. Two internal amino acid sequences of the protein obtained by lysylendopeptidase digestion were analyzed. Molecular cloning shows that it encodes 310 putative amino acid residues separated by 4 introns and is designated as fleA. It shows approximately 26% similarity with the gene encoding a fucose-specific lectin of Aleuria aurantia (AAL). The gene was overexpressed under control of the melO promoter in a submerged culture of A. oryzae. The fleA gene product showed hemagglutination activity against rabbit erythrocytes. A hemagglutination inhibition assay of monosaccharides showed that this lectin specifically binds to L-fucose and weakly reacts with mannose and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid.     

Identification and Characterization of an Intracellular Lectin,Calnexin, from Aspergillus oryzae Using N-Glycan-Conjugated Beads

Recently, asparagine-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans) have been found to play a pivotal role in glycoprotein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In order to screen proteins interacting with N-glycans, we developed affinity chromatography by conjugating synthetic N-glycans on sepharose beads. Using the affinity beads with the dodecasaccharide Glc₁Man₉GlcNAc₂, one structure of the N-glycans, a 75-kDa protein, was isolated from the membranous fraction including the ER in Aspergillus oryzae. By LC-MS/MS analysis using the A. oryzae genome database, the protein was identified as one (AO090009000313) sharing similarities with calnexin. Further affinity chromatographic experiments suggested that the protein specifically bound to Glc₁Man₉GlcNAc₂, similarly to mammalian calnexins. We designated the gene AoclxA and expressed it as a fusion gene with egfp, revealing the ER localization of the AoClxA protein. Our results suggest that our affinity chromatography with synthetic N-glycans might help in biological analysis of glycoprotein quality control in the ER.