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1.
Tsuguo Sasaki Miharu Shintani Kenichiro Yamada Hideo Okumura Kojo Kihara 《Microbiology and immunology》1981,25(6):537-543
The behavior of Mycoplasma hominis in normal human embryonic lung fibroblast (HAIN-55) cell cultures was investigated. Multiplication patterns of cell-associated mycoplasmas and of extracellular mycoplasmas in the HAIN-55 cultures depended upon the size of the inoculum. This relationship did not vary with the number of days the cells had been cultured, nor with the number of HAIN-55 cell passages. The maximum mycoplasmal growth was obtained with inoculum sizes of 105 to 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml. The recovery of mycoplasmas decreased rapidly with inoculum size beyond 107 CFU/ml, and growth of the HAIN-55 cells was inhibited. Growth of the cells was also inhibited by the addition of the cytoplasmic fraction of Mycoplasma hominis. 相似文献
2.
Effects of Mycoplasmal LAMPs on Receptor Responses to Steroid Hormones in Mammalian Cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Many individuals are chronically infected or parasitically colonized with mycoplasmas in their respiratory or urogenital tracts
without apparent clinical significance. However, prolonged close interaction between prokaryotic agents and eukaryotic host
cells may gradually and significantly alter normal biological or physiological properties of infected hosts. Steroid hormones
are associated with rates of cancer formation in human. The purpose of this study is to establish a sensitive reporting system
to examine whether mycoplasmal infections affect biological responses to steroid hormones in mammalian cells. We established
pMTV-CAT stably transfected cell lines to test the effect of mycoplasmal lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs). Results
showed that LAMPs (1 μg/ml) from seven different species of human mycoplasmas—M. penetrans, M. fermentans, M. genitalium, M. salivarium, M. pneumoniae, M. orale, and M. hominis—had an inhibitory effect on androgen receptor (AR) response to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the E82 transfectants. The
inhibitory effect of mycoplasmal LAMPs appeared to be dose dependent. LAMPs from M. penetrans, M. genitalium, M. salivarium, M. pneumoniae, and M. orale also had an inhibitory effect on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) response to hormone dexamethasone (Dex) in TSU transfectants.
In contrast, LAMPs from M. fermentans and M. hominis showed a stimulatory effect on the GR response to Dex in these TSU cells. The results suggest that colonization or chronic
infection by mycoplasmas may significantly affect the responses of mammalian host cells to various steroid hormones, potentially
affecting rates of cancer formation.
Received: 2 January 2001/Accepted: 26 January 2001 相似文献
3.
Differential Responses of Single Cells and Aggregates of Mycoplasmas to Ultraviolet Irradiation
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Geoffrey Furness 《Applied microbiology》1969,18(3):360-364
Except for Mycoplasma fermentans strain PG 18, single-cell suspensions of M. arthritidis, M. fermentans (ATCC 19989), M. hominis type 1, M. orale types 1 and 2, M. pneumoniae, and M. salivarium were inactivated exponentially by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, in contrast to broth cultures containing clusters of elementary bodies. The susceptibility of the mycoplasmas was unaffected by storage at 2-4 C and at -70 C, by sonication, and by filtration. The rate of inactivation was dependent on the intensity of the radiations but independent of the concentration of the cells. Therefore, single-cell suspensions of these mycoplasmas could be differentiated from aggregates of cells by exponential inactivation of the colony-forming units (CFU). By this criterion, the CFU of M. arthritidis in the exponential phase of growth consisted of single cells, in contrast to the other species in which the CFU contained two or more elementary bodies. Even though the cultures of M. fermentans (PG 18) were grown from single cells, they were not homogeneous in their susceptibility to UV light. Neither were cultures of M. arthritidis and M. orale type 1 grown from single cells which had survived irradiation. 相似文献
4.
5.
Susan E. Ditty BingJie Li Shimin Zhang Nianxiang Zou Shyh-Ching Lo 《Current microbiology》2003,46(4):0302-0306
In a previous study, using a primer set designed from Mycoplasma fermentans, we amplified a PCR fragment from Mycoplasma orale similar to the 206-bp DNA fragment amplified from M. fermentans insertion-sequence-like element (ISLE). The presence of this similar ISLE fragment has the potential to cause confusion in
the PCR diagnosis of M. fermentans and M. orale, which have significantly different clinical scenarios. An ISLE from three different M. orale strains was amplified by using a primer set designed from sequence within the left and right terminal stem and loop (S&L)
structures flanking the ISLE of M. fermentans. Sequence analysis showed that the M. orale ISLE is 93% identical to that of M. fermentans at the nucleotide level and codes for two open reading frames also found in the M. fermentans ISLE. This is the first finding that two different mycoplasma species harbor highly homologous IS elements. This finding
has great significance in clinical diagnosis and suggests a possibility of horizontal transfer of an IS element between two
different mycoplasma species.
Received: 17 April 2002 / Accepted: 9 July 2002 相似文献
6.
R. H. Purcell J. R. Valdesuso W. L. Cline W. D. James R. M. Chanock 《Applied microbiology》1971,21(2):288-294
Eight Mycoplasma species of human origin were successfully cultivated on glass. Complement-fixing (CF) antigens prepared from glass-adherent mycoplasmas were potent, specific, and free from anticomplementary activity. PPLO broth medium supplemented with 1 to 5% PPLO serum fraction (bovine), 2.5% fresh yeast extract, and 1% glucose (glycolytic species) or 1% arginine (arginine-utilizing species) supported moderate to luxuriant growth of mycoplasmas on glass. The potency of CF antigens prepared from glass-adherent mycoplasmas varied with the species of Mycoplasma tested and the duration of incubation. When the potency of CF antigens prepared from glass-adherent mycoplasmas was compared with that material sedimented from the broth phase of the same culture, three patterns of growth were observed: M. hominis and M. orale type 2 grew preferentially in the broth phase; M. salivarium, M. orale types 1 and 3, M. pneumoniae, and M. lipophilum preferentially adhered to the glass; and M. fermentans was biphasic. The growth of mycoplasmas on glass provides a simple means of concentrating and purifying such organisms for immunological and biochemical studies. 相似文献
7.
Elimination ofMycoplasma orale-I from chronically infected cell lines was achieved either by treatment with a mixture of antibiotics in a hypotonic solution, or with 10 vol % of anti -M.orale rabbit serum in tissue culture medium. The latter treatment was preferable in most cases, as it was practically harmless to the cells. Inactivation of this antiserum had no effect on its potency. The antibiotic-hypotonic treatment was rather destructive, but to a different degree for the various cell cultures. Both methods were equally useful for the treatment of a monkey kidney cell line contaminated with a mycoplasma strain related toM.hyorhinis. The available anti -M.hyorhinis rabbit serum was toxic for the monkey cells when not inactivated. The potency of the antiserum was rather low and even lower after inactivation. However, prolonged treatment successfully eliminated the mycoplasma. Pre-incubation of the inactivated anti -M.hyorhinis serum with tissue culture medium to which 10% non-inactivated calf serum had been added, favoured the elimination of the mycoplasma.During the treatment of contaminated cell cultures with single antibiotics a strain related toM.hyorhinis became resistant to chlortetracyclin.M.orale- I was found to be resistant to various single antibiotics.We are grateful to Professor Dr. A. Ch. Ruys (University of Amsterdam) and Dr. R. H. Leach (Mycoplasma Reference Laboratory, London) for helpful discussions and for identifying some of our mycoplasma strains; Dr. Leach also for kindly supplying us with his G. D. L.-strain. We thank Dr. H. Cohen and Dr. A. C. Hekker for their criticism and Mr. N. L. M. van Zwetselaar for his accurate technical assistance. 相似文献
8.
Of 55 continuous cell lines 32 gave growth of P.P.L.O. whereas 26 primary cell cultures were free from this contamination.Biochemical and serological typing proved that 31 of these 32 P.P.L.O. wereMycoplasma hominis I. One strain was identical with a recently described oralMycoplasma.It was demonstrated that insufficiently rigorous techniques tend to cause spreading of P.P.L.O. in tissue culture laboratories.There was no indication that either the sera or other ingredients of the media used might have introduced this contamination. HeLa cells, however, probably are the source.The minor differences between genital strains propagated in the laboratory, and tissue culture strains, are probably due to differences between the two media.By treatment of a contaminated cell line with serum againstM. hominis I a double infection with P.P.L.O. could be demonstrated. The cells were freed from the remaining P.P.L.O. by treatment with the serum against this strain.Contamination of cell lines withM. hominis I did not affect the growth rate of the wild poliovirus I strains tested, nor that of a Sabin type I strain.
M. fermentans grows well in tissue cultures but has no cytopathic effect.M. salivarium cannot be propagated in ordinary tissue cultures unless Fildes extract, which contains catalase, is added. In cultures with this extractM. salivarium has a cytopathic effect. 相似文献
9.
The effect of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on cultured human vascular endothelial (HVE) cells and cultured human fibroblasts (HAIN-55 cells) was investigated. Umbilical vein-derived HVE cells were collected by enzymatic digestion with collagenase. At the concentration of 0-10 microM, Cd had hardly any effect on the cell viability of either cells. The viability of HVE cells decreased markedly at 100 microM, but not that of HAIN-55 cells. Morphologic examination by phase contrast microscopy revealed a more damaging effect of Cd on HVE cells than on HAIN-55 cells. These results suggest that Cd is more cytotoxic to HVE cells than HAIN-55 cells. 相似文献
10.
Minako Araake 《Microbiology and immunology》1982,26(1):1-14
The cilia-stopping effect of mycoplasmas of human and various animal origin in mouse and chicken tracheal organ cultures was studied. From the results in mouse tracheal organ cultures, the mycoplasma strains tested were divided into three groups: Mycoplasma pulmonis m53, M. pulmonis JB, M. pulmonis OK, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides PG1 and M. gallisepticum S6 showed a strong cilia-stopping effect; M. pulmonis PG22, M. mycoides subsp. capri PG3, M. meleagridis 19729, M. neurolyticum Type A and M. arthritidis PG6 showed a mild effect; and M. pneumoniae FH, M. salivarium Hup, M. hominis type 1-C and M. orale N-C of human origin and Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 showed a weak effect. On the other hand, in chicken tracheal organ cultures, only M. gallisepticum S6 showed a strong effect, M. meleagridis 19729 was affected to a lesser degree, and other mycoplasma strains showed a weak or no effect. The results indicate that some murine and poultry mycoplasmas showed a cilia-stopping tendency in mouse and chicken tracheal organ cultures, respectively, while human mycoplasmas showed weak or little effect in both organ cultures. In mouse tracheal organ cultures, M. pulmonis m53 treated with heat, trypsin or formaldehyde, and the sterile filtrate of an m53 broth culture showed no cilia-stopping effect. The relationship of the pathogenicity of mycoplasmas for their natural hosts to that for cultured respiratory cells is discussed. 相似文献
11.
Momynaliev K. T. Smirnova O. V. Ladygina V. G. Orlova V. Ph. Akopian T. A. Govorun V. M. 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2002,38(7):771-776
The effect of cocultivation of eukaryotic HeLa cells and Mycoplasma hominis mycoplasma on the resistance of the latter to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) was examined. It was shown that cocultivation of the M. homonisand HeLa cells during 24 h with subsequent addition of ciprofloxacin resulted in an increase of the micoplasma resistance to this antimicrobial agent. In the M. hominis cells cultivated in the presence of HeLa cells and the increasing concentration of ciprofloxacin mutations in the parC gene were observed only at low concentrations of the antimicrobial agent, while mutations in the gyrA gene were never detected. A gradual elevation of ciprofloxacin concentration up to 10 g/ml resulted in the reversion of the parC mutations in mycoplasmas. Mycoplasma cells resistant to high flouroquinolone concentrations and isolated after cocultivation with the HeLa cells were characterized by the wild-type genotype in respect of the gyrA and parC genes. It was shown that infection of HeLa cells resulted in the appearance of genome rearrangements in M. hominis cells. 相似文献
12.
A. E. Soroka T. A. Akopyan A. E. Taraskina M. V. Baitsur A. M. Savicheva V. M. Govorun 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2002,38(11):1236-1241
Of the 130 clinical isolates of Mycoplasma hominisfrom patients with nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract (UGT), approximately 10% contained the tet(M) gene after the course of treatment with tetracyclines. This gene was found in nine (25%) of the 36 Ureaplasma urealyticum clinical isolates. The nucleotide sequence of 13 tet(M) genes in TcR clinical isolates ofM. hominis and five genes in U. urealyticum TcR clinical isolates was determined. A comparison of nucleotide sequences of eight tetM genes of different origin and tet(M) genes ofGardnerella vaginalis and M. hominis and U. urealyticumclinical isolates showed that the mosaic structure of thetet(M) gene is completely identical in 11 of 13 M. hominis TcRisolates but belongs to an unidentified allele different from those described earlier. Another new allelic variant oftet(M) was found in two isolates. In three of five TcR clinical isolates of U. urealyticum, a tet(M) gene, whose mosaic structure was identical to that of tet(M) reported previously for ureaplasmas, and also two new allelic variants, which have not been described so far, were found. 相似文献
13.
14.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the inhibitory activities of two bacteriocins, produced by lactobacilli,
against genital mycoplasmas. In this study, infections produced by genital mycoplasmas were studied; of these, 1.3% were caused
by Mycoplasma hominis, 10.7% by Ureaplasma urealyticum and 5.6% by U. urealyticum + M. hominis. U. urealyticum was isolated from 75 out of 123 patients with genital mycoplasmas, while M. hominis was isolated from 9 patients (7.3%) and both U. urealyticum and M. hominis from 39 patients (31.7%). Bacteriocins, L23 and L60, produced by Lactobacillus fermentum and L. rhamnosus, respectively, appear to be two novel inhibitors of bacterial infection with potential antibacterial activity. Both bacteriocins
proved to be active against 100% of strains tested; MICs of bacteriocin L23 ranged between 320 and 160 UA ml−1 for 78% of the M. hominis strains and between 320 and 80 UA ml−1 for 95% of the U. urealyticum strains. In addition, bacteriocin L60 was still active at 160 UA ml−1 for a high percentage (56%) of M. hominis strains, and at 80 UA ml−1 for 53% of the U. urealyticum strains. Interestingly, these antimicrobial substances produced by lactobacilli showed an inhibitory activity against genital
mycoplasmas even when diluted. Altogether, our study indicates that the bacteriocins, L23 and L60, are good candidates for
the treatment or prevention of genital infections in women. 相似文献
15.
I. E. Vishnyakov S. N. Borchsenius Yu. I. Basovskii S. A. Levitskii V. N. Lazarev E. S. Snigirevskaya Ya. Yu. Komissarchik 《Cell and Tissue Biology》2009,3(3):254-262
The localization of FtsZ protein in M. hominis cells was studied by immunoelectron microscopy with polyclonal antibodies to this protein. Cell polymorphism typical for mycoplasmas was seen on electron microscopic pictures. Among the diversity of cell shapes, we distinguished dumbbell-shaped dividing cells and cells connected with each other by membrane tubules (former constrictions). The label was predominantly observed in the constriction area of dividing M. hominis cells and on thin membrane tubules. A septum and the gold labeling of this structure have not been described before in mycoplasma cells. For the first time, in some rounded and oval cells, colloidal gold particles labeled the entire plasma membrane, probably marking a submembranous contractile ring (Z ring). These observations confirm the implication of FtsZ protein in M. hominis cytokinesis. In some cells, the spiral-like distribution of gold particles was observed. Most likely, FtsZ protofilaments in M. hominis cells form spiral structures similar to Z spirals in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Their presence in mycoplasma cells may be considered to be an important argument in favor of Z ring assembly through the reorganization of Z spirals. FtsZ as a bacterial cytoskeleton protein binding with membrane directly or through intermediates may be engaged in maintenance of M. hominis cell shape. 相似文献
16.
The parasite Trichomonas vaginalis causes one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infections in humans. The coexistence of different sexually
transmitted diseases in the same individual is very common, such as vaginal infections by T. vaginalis in association with Mycoplasma fermentans or Mycoplasma hominis. However, the consequences and behavior of mycoplasma during trichomonad infections are virtually unknown. This study was
undertaken to elucidate whether mycoplasmas enter and leave trichomonad cells and if so how. M. hominis was analyzed in different trichomonad isolates and the process of internalization and the pathway within the parasite was
studied. Parasites naturally and experimentally infected with mycoplasmas were used and transmission electron microscopy,
cytochemistry and PCR analyses were performed. The results show that: (1) M. hominis enters T. vaginalis cells by endocytosis; (2) some mycoplasmas use a terminal polar tip as anchor to the trichomonad plasma membrane; (3) some
trichomonad isolates are able to digest mycoplasmas, mainly when the trichomonads are experimentally infected; (4) some fresh
virulent isolates are able to maintain mycoplasmas as cohabitants in the cell’s interior; (5) some mycoplasmas are able to
escape from the vacuole to the trichomonad cytosol, and trichomonad plasma membrane budding suggested that mycoplasmas could
leave the parasite cell. 相似文献
17.
Gerard J. McGarrity 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1976,12(9):643-648
Summary Environmental sampling was performed during trypsinization and passage of 3T-6 cell cultures that contained a mean of 4.3×107 colony forming units (CFU) per ml supernatant ofA. laidlawii. The lip of the culture flask and the outside of the used pipet were always heavily contaminated. The outside of the culture
flask (3/7), the work surface (8/12) and the outside of a pan of disinfectant (4/5) were regularly contaminated with mycoplasmas.
Airborne mycoplasmas were detected eight of 32 times (25%) by settling plates; simultaneous forced-air samplers by two different
methods were always negative. The technician’s hands were contaminated two of 15 samples. When hands were contaminated, more
contamination was detected in the environment. Droplets ofA. laidlawii andM. orale inoculated onto work surfaces survived drying for a minimum of 3 days, even in laminar airflow cabinets. Twenty-five of 31
(80.6%) cell culture technicians carriedM. salivarium in their throats; only two carriedM. orale. It is concluded that mycoplasma-infected cultures are the most common source of further infection. Recommendations for prevention
and control of mycoplasmal infection are listed.
These studies were supported in part by Contract No. 1-GM-2112 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Contract
No. 1-CB-23868 from the National Cancer Institute, General Research Support Grant 5-S01-RRO5582 from Research Resources, National
Institutes of Health, and by a Grant-in-Aid from the State of New Jersey. 相似文献
18.
We previously showed that mycoplasmal infection effectively prevented apoptosis of infected cells, whereas other researchers
have indicated that mycoplasmal infection promoted apoptosis. To understand the mechanism underlying this discrepancy, five
different species of mycoplasmas were investigated for their effects on apoptosis of interleukin (IL)-3–dependent 32D cells.
Results revealed that Mycoplasma fermentans and M. penetrans effectively supported continuous growth of 32D cells after IL-3 withdrawal. M. fermentans was more potent than M. penetrans. This effect was achieved by way of preventing apoptosis and stimulating cell proliferation. On the contrary, M. hominis and M. salivarium accelerated apoptosis of 32D cells. M. genitalium had no significant effect on apoptosis. The RNase protection assay indicated that the proapoptotic and antiapoptotic mycoplasmas
altered the expression of major apoptosis regulatory genes differently. The difference in apoptosis regulatory gene expression
induced by different species of mycoplasmas might be accountable for their effects on host cell apoptosis. 相似文献
19.
A total of 1949 cell cultures was tested for contamination with mollicutes by cultivation on and in mycoplasma media, 25.7% of the cell cultures was positive, 243 strains of Mycoplasma hyorhinis were isolated. Furthermore, mainly M. arginini and M. orale were detected, less often Acholeplasma laidlawii, M. fermentans and M. pneumoniae. Optimal conditions for isolation were discussed. About one third of 217 hybridoma cultures and two third of 57 myeloma cultures proved to be contaminated, all with M. hyorhinis. A DNA fluorochrome staining method (DAPI-test) was compared to cultivation for testing 1039 cell cultures. The efficiency of the DAPI-test could be estimated to be about 96% that of cultivation about 89%, but cultivation is more specific. The highest assurance is obtained when both methods are applied. 相似文献
20.
Growing cells of sterol-requiring Mycoplasma hominis and sterol non-requiring Acholeplasma laidlawii were used to test the ability of cholesterol-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine dispersions to serve as cholesterol donors to these organisms. Dispersions with high cholesterol to phosphatidylcholine ratios were more effective than dispersions with low cholesterol to phosphatidylcholine ratios in donating cholesterol to the membranes of both mycoplasmas and in promoting growth of the sterol-requiring species. M. hominis took up almost three times as much cholesterol as did A. laidlawii. In addition, significant quantities of the phosphatidylcholine component of the dispersions were found to be associated with M. hominis membranes as against none in the A. laidlawii membrane preparations. In all cases, the percentage of cholesterol taken up by M. hominis from the dispersions exceeded that of phosphatidylcholine by a factor of 3–5. These results were interpreted to suggest that all the cholesterol taken up by A. laidlawii is transferred from the dispersion to the membranes by a process which involves only a transient contact between the organisms and the lipid dispersions, whereas a certain amount of the cholesterol taken up by M. hominis may also be derived from lipid dispersions adhering to or fusing with the cell membranes. 相似文献