A new classification for the subgenera of the genus Acanthophthirius Perkins,with descriptions of twelve new taxa (Acarina,Trombidiformes, Myobiidae)

The myobiid genus Acanthophthirius Perkins, to date comprising four subgenera, is reviewed and divided into just two subgenera, the nominate subgenus and Myotimyobia Fain. The male genital shield and female opisthogastric sclerites, which are here considered to be part of female genitalia, are adopted as the criteria for dividing the subgenera. These structures are essentially the same in form and position in the subgenus Acanthopthirius in its revised sense, while they are both more heterogeneous in species of the redefined subgenus Myotimyobia. The subgenera Acanthophthirius Fain and Chiromyobia Fain are thought to represent species-groups in the nominate subgenus, named respectively the etheldredae and miniopteri groups. The following one new subspecies and 11 new species are described: A. (A.) womersleyi eptesicus, A. (A.) glauconycteris, A. (A.) mauritaniensis, A. (A.) philetoris, A. (A.) otonycteris, A. (A.) steatocaudatus, A. (A.) nyctophilis, A. (M.) vagus, A. (M.) longus A. (M.) baueris, A. (A.) hesperopteris (female only) and A. (M.) pixonixeos (female only). A. (M.) hanensis is synonymised with A. (M.) namurensis, and A. (M.) capacini is emended to A. (M.) capaccinii and relegated to a subspecies of A. (M.) myotis. All the known and new species are assigned to their respective subgenera and shown in a table. Incongruent host-relationships of some of the mites are clarified, although not completely solved, by the introduction of the new classification for the subgenera.     

Invasive aphids of the tribe Siphini: a model of potentially suitable ecological niches

相似文献   

Genetic distinctness of parthenogenetic forms of European Polydrusus weevils of the subgenus Scythodrusus

Abstract Among eight species of Polydrusus weevils which belong to subgenus Scythodrusus, at least two possess parthenogenetic forms: P. (S.) inustus and P. (S.) pilifer. Both of these species consist of dioecious populations in the Caspian area and of parthenogenetic populations in Eastern Europe (P. (S.) inustus), the Caucasus region (both species) and Middle Asia (P. (S.) pilifer). The origin of parthenogenesis in this subgenus is unresolved; however some data suggest that the parthenogenetic forms are of hybrid ancestry. The genetic distinctness of parthenogenetic Scythodrusus was assessed on the basis of COII, ITS2, EF1‐α and Wolbachiawsp, 16S ribosomal DNA, ftsZ and hcpA sequence comparisons. Both taxa turned out to be monophyletic for all markers, which is an evidence against hybridization of their dioecious ancestors. On the other hand, a high frequency of heterozygous P. (S.) inustus females suggests an origin resulting from hybridization between genetically distinct dioecious representatives of this species. Very similar strains of Wolbachia supergroup A were found in both species, indicating that they have been either inherited from a common ancestor or were transmitted between parthenogenetic Scythodrusus weevils and probably spread randomly across their ranges.     

Rhodotorula matritense sp. nov., isolated from powdered red pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)

A new species of Rhodotorula Harrison was recovered in May 1978 from Spanish powdered red pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) in Madrid, Spain. It could not be identified with any hitherto described species of yeast and it was assigned to the genus Rhodotorula Harrison as representative of a new species on the bases of both its morphological and physiological characteristics, for which the name of Rhodotorula matritense is proposed.     

Morphological evolution and phylogenetic relationships of the European ground voles (Arvicolidae, Rodentia)

Brunet-Lecomte, P. & Chaline, J. 1991 01 15: Morphological evolution and phylogcnctic relationships of the European ground voles (Arvicolidae. Rodentia). Lethaia. Vol. 24. pp. 45–53. Oslo. ISSN 0024–1164. A new morphological study of the first lower molar M₁ of European Quaternary ground voles (Arvicolidac. Rodcntia. Microtus (Terricola)) by means of multivariate analysis renews the systematics. phylogenetic relationships and their evolutionary group history. An Allophaiomyan origin of ground voles has been confirmed and the evolution of Mediterranean and middle Europcan groups has now been clarified. Primitive species of middle European groups display plesiomorphics. except for M. (T.) arvalidens, which shows certain apomorphies of the present species. The occurrence of M. (T.) multiplex in France at the end of the middle Pleistocene before the appearance of M. (T.) suhterraneus completely reverses previous ideas which considered that M. (T.) multiplex was a sibling species derived from M. (T.) subterraneus during the Würmian glaciation. The Atlantic species M. (T.) pyrenaicus is probably derived from the middle Pleistocene species M. (T.) mariaclaudiue whose exact origin is unknown. M. (T.) sauii, M. (T.) tarentina. M. (T.) melirensis and M. (T.) henseli belong to the same geographic group. Perhaps M. (T.) savii derived from M. (T.) tarentina or shares the same ancestor with M. (T.) tarentina. M. (T.) duodecimcostarus probably indirectly derived from an Iberian specics of Allophuiomys such as A. chalinei, while M. (T.) lusitanicus was separated from M. (T.) duodecimcostutus about 60,000 years ago. A sketch of the stratigraphical records and geographical distribution of the Terricola species in Western Europe showing their phylogenetic relationships and migrations during the middle and upper Pleistocene is included. Morphometry, variance analysis, phylogeneric relationships. Mammalia. Rodentia. Arvicolidae. Microtus, Terricola.     

On some sporogenous yeasts and their imperfect stages

Summary In a systematic study of about 300 supposedly anascosporogenous yeast cultures it was found that nine strains actually did form ascospores. A further investigation of these strains, together with a comparative study of evidently closely related asporogenous strains, led to the following results. Mycocandida pinoyisimilis (A. Cast.) Red. et Cif. var. Citelliana Red. et Gif. proved to be identical with Saccharomyces fragilis Jörgensen. Monilia pseudotropicalis A. Cast. = Candida pseudotropicalis (A. Cast.) Basgal has to be considered as the imperfect stage of Saccharomyces fragilis Jörgensen. Monilia macedoniensis A. Cast. = Blastodendrion macedoniense (A. Cast.) Lang, et Guerra, as well as the variety macedoniensoides [= Candida macedoniensis (A. Cast.) Berkh. var. macedoniensoides (A. Cast.) Westerdijk], should in future be designated as: Saccharomyces macedoniensis Diddens et Lodder.The yeast incorrectly named by Beijerinck: Saccharomyces fragrans proved to be the imperfect stage of Saccharomyces macedoniensis Diddens et Lodder. Hence the correct designation of the species in question appears to be: Candida macedoniensis (A. Cast.) Berkh. Monilia javanica Went et Prinsen Geerligs proved to be identical with Hansenula anomala (Hansen) Sydow.A Monilia species isolated by Molle from intertrigo blastomicetico proved to be identical with Hansenula javanica (Groenewege) Dekker. Candida pelliculosa Red. is the imperfect stage of the last mentioned species.A strain received from Ota, and labeled: Myceloblastanon gifuense Taniguchi — which, however, did not answer the diagnosis of this species — proved to be identical with Debaryomyces Matruchoti Grigoraki et Péju.     

A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Agathidium Panzer (Coleoptera: Leiodidae) from Korea, Part II. Subgenus Agathidium

A taxonomic study of the subgenus Agathidium of the genus Agathidium Panzer in Korea is presented. Four species [Agathidium (Agathidium) coreanum Angelini, A. (A.) crassicorne Portevin, A. (A.) merkli Angelini, and A. (A.) oblongum Angelini] are recognized. Agathidium (A.) mequignoni Roubal recorded by Angelini is misidentification of A. (A.) crassicorne Portevin. Spermatheca of A. (A.) merkli is illustrated for the first time. A key to the species, diagnoses and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided.     

A revision of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heterospathe elegans</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Arecaceae</Emphasis>) complex in New Guinea

Summary  Three closely affiliated species of Heterospathe Scheff. (H. elegans (Becc.) Becc., H. humilis Becc. and H. versteegiana Becc.) from New Guinea are revised. They are reduced to a single species which is divided into two subspecies, and the new combination H. elegans subsp. humilis (Becc.) M. S. Trudgen & W. J. Baker is made. The subspecies can be readily distinguished by their growth habit. Epitypes are designated for the three previously published names, as informative material on the habit is not included in the existing type specimens. A new, potentially related species is described as H. pullenii M. S. Trudgen & W. J. Baker.     

Competitive abilities of native grasses and non-native (Bothriochloa spp.) grasses

Old World Bluestems (OWB), introduced from Europe and Asia in the 1920s, recently have begun to raise concerns in the Great Plains. Despite suggestion in the late 1950s that OWB were weedy and negatively impacted biological diversity, they were widely introduced throughout the Great Plains for agricultural purposes. Anecdotal evidence suggests that OWB exhibit invasive characteristics that promote competitive exclusion of native species. The objective of our study was to quantify the competitive abilities of two OWB species (Caucasian bluestem; Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake (= Bothriochloa caucasica (Trin.) C.E. Hubb.) and yellow bluestem; Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng) with three native grass species (big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash), and sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.)). A greenhouse target-neighbor study was conducted to assess both interspecific and intraspecific competition. A total of 480 pots (4.4 l) filled with native soil was used with all pair-wise combinations of species and four density treatments (six replications). Vegetative tiller height, above- and belowground biomass were measured at the end of 16 weeks. Both of the OWB significantly inhibited at least one growth parameter of the three native grass species, while most of the native species did not inhibit growth of either OWB species. Growth of B. ischaemum was enhanced when grown in association with S. scoparium. Based upon the results of our study of OWB competitive superiority and previous research, many of the characteristics possessed by OWB are found to be in common with known invasive species. Hence, we propose that two OWB are competitively superior to three common native prairie species providing them with the ability to invade and threaten the native grasslands of the Central and Southern Great Plains.     

Annotated checklist of Senegalia and Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) for the Indian subcontinent

An annotated checklist of Senegalia Raf. and Vachellia Wight & Arn. taxa for the Indian subcontinent is presented, following the fragmentation and retypification of the former broadly defined genus Acacia Mill. The countries encompassed by this study include Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. All indigenous species (and a few introductions) in this region previously referred to Acacia belong to Senegalia and Vachellia. All Acacia s.s. taxa are introduced (principally from Australia) and are not included in the study. There are 22 species of Senegalia (21 indigenous, 1 introduced; representing 23 taxa) and 21 species of Vachellia (12 indigenous, 9 introduced; representing 27 taxa) currently recognized for the subcontinent. The largest country, India, has most species. This checklist complements that which was recently provided for these genera in southeast Asia and China. Two names formerly recorded for the Indian subcontinent are excluded, namely, Senegalia intsia (L.) Maslin is a nomen confusum and Acacia pennata subsp. hainanensis (Hayata) I. C. Nielsen is now known to be restricted to southern China and Vietnam. Acacia eriantha Desv. is an unresolved name. The following new combinations are made herein: Senegalia tanjorensis (Ragup., Thoth. & A.Mahad.) A.S.Deshpande & Maslin, Vachellia campbellii (Arn.) A.S.Deshp., & Maslin and V. pseudowightii (Thoth.) A.S.Deshpande & Maslin. A lectotype has been selected for Acacia pennata var. canescens Graham ex Kurz (= Senegalia pennata (L.) Maslin).     

Revision of the subgenus Ceranthia Robineau-Desvoidy of the genus Siphona Meigen of Japan (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Japanese species of the subgenus Ceranthia Robineau‐Desvoidy are revised. Five species are recognized in Japan, three of which are described as new to science: Siphona (Ceranthia) angusta, S. (C.) nigra and S. (C.) setigera. A key to Japanese species is provided and male terminalia are illustrated. Monophyly of this group is discussed.     

Preliminary results of a classification of fifty-one selected northeastern Wisconsin Lakes (USA) using indicator diatom species

Diatom species lists were generated for 51 lakes in northeastern Wisconsin, and then classified by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). The lakes were initially divided into two main groupings: Group I lakes which were alkaline lakes of moderate to high productivity, and Group II lakes which were acid lakes of low productivity. Group I lakes were further divided into two subgroupings, and four levels. In total, twelve indicator diatom species were recognized during the TWINSPAN lake classification, these were: Achnanthes exigua Grun., A. lanceolata var. dubia Grun., Amphora ovalis var. Affinis (Kütz.) V.H. ex Det., A. perpusilla (Grun.) Grun., Cymbella cistula (Ehrenb.) Kirch., Diploneis elliptica (Kütz.) Cl., Eunotia pectinalis (O.F. Mull.) Rabh., Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kütz.) Peters., Frustulia rhomboides var. crassinervia (Bréb. ex W. Sm.) Ross, Navicula capitata Ehrenb., N. decussis Østr., and N. scutelloides W.Sm. ex Gregory.     

Karyological notes on another eight species of Achillea (Asteraceae) from Turkey

The chromosome number and morphology in eight species of the sections Ptarmica (Mill.) W. D. J. Koch, Anthemoideae (DC.) Heimerl, Arthrolepis Boiss., Santolinoideae (DC.) Heimerl and Achillea of the genus Achillea L. (Asteraceae) were investigated using karyological techniques. Sample plants and seeds of A. biserrata M. Bieb., A. fraasii var. troiana Aschers. & Heimerl, A. multifida (DC.) Boiss., A. brachyphylla Boiss. & Hausskn., A. pseudaleppica Hub.-Mor., A. cretica L., A. latiloba Ledeb. ex Nordm., and A. kotschyi Boiss. subsp. kotschyi) were collected from natural habitats in 2003 and 2004. The chromosome number found in seven species was 2n = 18, while only A. kotschyi had 2n = 36. All chromosomes had median point (M), median region (m), and submedian (sm) centromers. In addition, only A. biserrata species had one subterminal (st) chromosome. An increase in asymmetry was not observed in the karyotypes of the species studied. None of the studied species had any B chromosomes.     

Spore wall ultrastructure in Anogramma species (Pteridaceae) from Argentina

The sporoderm ultrastructure of Anogramma Link species, which grow in Argentina, was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The species A. chaerophylla (Desv.) Link and A. lorentzii (Hieron.) Diels were studied with TEM for the first time. The spores of both species have a sculptured, apparently two-layered exospore. The perispore is uniformly thickened on the whole surface: in A. chaerophylla it is three-layered, while, in A. lorentzii it is single-layered with a complex structure. Spherules are present on the perispore surface or incorporated into the structure of A. chaerophylla while, globules exist on and within the perispore in A. lorentzii. The sporoderm ultrastructure in these two species was compared with other cingulate genera within the Pteridaceae. The characteristics found in this work, with respect to spore wall structure and general morphology, suggest that these characters may differentiate species within genus.     

Cestodes of birds from the Ivory Coast. Species of the genus Anonchotaenia Cohn, 1990

Five taxa included in the cestode genus Anonchotaenia (Cyclophyllidea, Paruterinidae) have been found in various birds from the Ivory Coast (West Africa). The hosts belong to the families Hirundinidae and Corvidae. A. (Paranonchotaenia) prionopos n. sp., parasitic in Prionops plumata, and A. (P.) malaconoti n. sp, parasitic in Malaconotus blanchoti, are placed in a new subgenus named Paranonchotaenia, which is erected for the Anonchotaenia species showing genital ducts passing between the longitudinal excretory stems. A. (P.) prionopos is characterised by a rather short cirrus-pouch, six to seven testes, and an integumental cavity at the distal extremity of the cirrus-pouch in gravid proglottides. A. (P.) malaconoti differs from the former species mainly by the larger cirrus-pouch and a slightly greater number of testes. The other three species are A. longiovata, parasitic in Hirundo semirufa; A. globata, parasitic in Psadiloprocne obscura (the latter two species are recorded from new hosts and new geographical areas); and Anonchotaenia sp., parasitic in Hirundo rustica. It is assumed that the subgenus A. (Anonchotaenia) is rather a parasite of the Passerida and that the subgenus A. (Paranonchotaenia) tends to be parasitic in the Corvida.This paper is a part of the author's thesis.This paper is a part of the author's thesis.     

Phylogeography of the Namib Desert dung beetles Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) MacLeay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Aim Namib biogeography in many instances remains reliant on advanced and detailed systematic studies. This study attempts to combine molecular phylogenetic data, geology and palaeo‐climatic data to (i) resolve the relationships of the 13 morphological species of Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) and (ii) relate their evolution to past climatic and geological events. Location South Africa and Namibia. Methods Sequencing of a 1197 bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of the 13 species within Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) was undertaken. Analyses performed included Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood as well as imposing a molecular clock. Results The molecular phylogeny showed strong support for 11 of the 13 morphological species. The remaining two species, S. (P.) glentoni and S. (P.) hippocrates, formed a complex and could not be assigned specific status on the basis of the COI gene phylogeny. Strong support for the three species formerly classified within the genus Neopachysoma was consistently obtained. The subgenus appears to have arisen c. 2.9 Ma. Species within the subgenus arose at different times, with the common ancestor to Neopachysoma and the hippocrates complex having evolved 2.65 and 2.4 Ma, respectively. Scarabaeus (P.) denticollis, S. (P.) rotundigenus, S. (P.) rodriguesi and S. (P.) schinzi are some of the youngest species, having diverged between 2 million and 600,000 years ago. Main conclusions Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) is a derived monophyletic clade within the Scarabaeini. The subgenus appears to be young in comparison with the age of the Namib Desert, which dates back to the Miocene (c. 15 Ma). The psammophilous taxa are shown to disperse with their substratum and habitat, barchan dunes. Clear south/north evolutionary gradients can be seen within the species of this subgenus, which are consistent with the unidirectional wind regime. Species with a suite of mostly plesiomorphic characters have a southerly distribution while their derived psammophilous relatives have central to northern Namib distributions. Major rivers such as the Orange, Buffels and Holgat appear to be gene barriers to certain species as well as areas of origin of speciation events.     

Ascochitine Production by Fungi Responsible for Ascochyta Diseases of Pea

Ascochitine production by 24 isolates of three fungal species causing the Ascochyta disease complex in pea plants, was examined. All eight isolates of Ascochyta pisi Lib. secreted ascochitine to liquid nutrient medium in amounts of 0.1 to 1.2 mg/l. However, no ascochitine was found in culture filtrates of Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. and Blox.) Vestergr. or of Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella (Jon.) Boerema although the aggressiveness of these two species as pathogens was shown to be higher than that of A. pisi. Individual isolates of each of the three fungal species examined did not differ in their pathogenicity.     

A taxonomic appraisal of Callophyllis and Euthora (Rhodophyta)

Critical examination of the literature and specimens of the three described species of Euthora indicates that the acceptance of the northern species E. cristata (C. Ag.) J. Ag. and E. fruticulosa (Rupr.) J. Ag. has been based on lack of familiarity with the degree of variation normal within one species, and these two species should be united. The carpogonial branch system of this combined species is typical of that found in the genus Callophyllis within which it should therefore be included as Callophyllis cristata (C. Ag.) Kütz. The taxonomic position of the only other species of Euthora, E. tristanensis Baardseth, cannot be determined until information on the carpogonial structure is available.