Neurturin：与GDNF相关的新的神经营养因子

１９９６年１２月,Ｐ．Ｔ．Ｋｏｔｚｂａｕｅｒ等在仓鼠卵巢细胞的条件２基中发现一种新的神经营养因子Ｎｅｕｒｔｕｒｉｎ（ＮＴＵ）,并成功克隆了人及小鼠ＮＴＮ基因。此神经营养因子能促进颈上神经节交感神经元存活,其氨基序列与胶质细胞营养因子（ＧＤＮＦ）有４２％的同源性,二者共同构成转化生长因子β（ＴＧＦ－β）超家族一个新的亚家族。ＮＴＮ受体α则是通过糖基化磷脂酰肌醇（ＧＰＩ）连结于细胞膜表面的胞外蛋白,与     

兔出血症病毒中国株衣壳蛋白基因的克隆和序列分析

应用RT-PCR技术,从兔出血症病毒中国分离株WX84中成功扩增出预期大小为1.7kb的特异性条带,将扩增产物提纯后克隆入pGEMR-T载体,经转化、筛选及酶切鉴定后,获得了该株病毒衣壳蛋白基因的克隆,序列分析表明扩增的中国株RHDV衣壳蛋白基因片段长度为1 740bp,共编码580个氨基酸.该核酸序列与其它国家报道的多株RHDV序列相互间同源性高达98.2%～99.0%,其推导的氨基酸序列同源性也达98.3%～99.1%,为极度保守片段.     

猪SOCS-2基因的克隆及序列分析

从中国地方猪品种八眉猪(BaMei)肾脏组织中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法克隆了猪SOCS-2(suppressor of cytokinesignaling-2,细胞因子信号转导抑制因子-2)基因的cDNA序列,经T/A克隆,插入到pMD19-T载体上,导入大肠杆菌DH-5α,阳性克隆经PCR鉴定后进行测序,将测序结果与GenBank中已登录的人、大鼠和小鼠SOCS-2基因的序列进行同源性比较,利用生物信息学和分子生物学软件对猪SOCS-2基因编码的蛋白进行结构预测。结果表明:首次成功克隆了猪SOCS-2基因的cDNA序列(GenBank登录号为EF121242),其长度为822bp,该基因ORF区核苷酸序列与其他物种相比同源性达到93%以上,氨基酸同源性则达到89%以上,生物信息学分析表明该蛋白分子量为22.25kD,等电点pI=8.30,包含199个氨基酸残基。该基因cDNA序列的克隆,有利于进一步研究SOCS-2调节机体发育的分子机理。     

奶山羊β-乳球蛋白基因5'、3'调控区的克隆和序列分析

目的:克隆奶山羊β-乳球蛋白(BLG)基因5'、3'调控区,并对其进行序列分析.方法:从徐淮奶山羊组织中提取基因组DNA,采用高保真长模板PCR法克隆得到奶山羊BLG基因4.2 kb的5'调控区和1.8 kb的3'调控区;将纯化后的PCR产物克隆到pGEM-T Easy载体中,经酶切鉴定和序列测定验证克隆的正确性.结果:部分序列分析表明,奶山羊BLG基因5'区与GenBank中登录的山羊和绵羊BLG基因5'区的同源性分别为100%和95%,3'区的同源性分别为99%和93%;克隆得到的奶山羊BLG基因调控区与山羊BLG伪基因显著不同,二者5'区和3'区的同源性分别为83%和88%.结论:克隆得到的奶山羊BLG基因调控区可用于构建乳腺特异性表达载体,用于外源基因在转基因动物乳腺中的高效表达.     

蒙古牛BMPR-IB基因部分cDNA的克隆和序列分析

BMPR-IB基因主要在哺乳动物卵巢中表达,对卵泡的发育和分化起重要作用。该研究从影响卵巢生长发育和调控的BMPR-IB基因出发,以牛卵巢的RNA为模板,按照不同物种BMPR-IB基因的相似性设计特异引物,运用RT-PCR技术扩增并获得了特异片段,该片段经PCR、酶切和测序验证,证实所克隆序列为牛BMPR-IB序列,包含有953bp组成的部分cDNA序列,同源性分析结果表明,牛BMPR-IB基因序列与绵羊、山羊、人、猪、小鼠的BMPR-IB基因分别为98%、97%、92%、93%、88%的同源性。这为克隆其他物种的BMPR-IB基因提供了依据,同时牛骨形态发生蛋白的测序为更好地理解牛的生殖机理提供帮助。     

猪T细胞受体γ链基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

目的:克隆猪T细胞受体γ链(pTCR-γ)基因,用以研究猪T细胞受体分子结构与功能。方法与结果:以GenBank上登载的pTCR-γ基因为参考序列,用RT-PCR法从猪外周血淋巴细胞中克隆pTCR-γ基因。序列分析表明,pTCR-γ基因开放读框为1026bp,编码341个氨基酸残基,含有由23个氨基酸残基构成的信号肽序列;与参考序列相比,在核苷酸和推导氨基酸序列上的同源性分别为95.6%和88.8%;系统进化分析发现,该基因与绵羊、恒河猴、人、马、牛的同源性相对较高,与褐鼠、家犬、家鼠、家猫的同源性次之,而与禽类、鱼类的同源性最低;生物信息学结构预测表明猪T细胞受体γ链含2个结构域,其中1个为IG_LIKE1结构域(IGv结构域),由第14～114位共101个氨基酸残基组成;另一个为IG_LIKE2结构域(IGc结构域),由第143～238位共96个氨基酸残基组成。结论:克隆并应用生物信息学技术分析了猪T细胞受体γ链基因序列及编码蛋白的结构特征,为进一步研究γ链的结构与功能奠定了基础。     

小鼠Klf4基因的克隆及原核表达分析

目的克隆Klf4基因并对其重组蛋白进行原核表达及分析。方法提取胎鼠皮肤mRNA后反转录为cDNA序列,用一对两端引入特定酶切位点引物,从该cDNA中扩增出Klf4基因编码区序列,将其克隆到pEasy-T3载体上。对质粒双酶切并回收其中Klf4基因片段后,克隆入pET-52b（＋）载体后转化Origmai B（DE3）型大肠杆菌,用IPTG诱导表达,最后采用SDS-PAGE对重组蛋白进行鉴定及分析。结果对所克隆的Klf4mRNA蛋白编码区的DNA序列分析表明,klf4CDS区包括终止密码子在内为1452 bp,与参照序列对比仅有四处存在差异,不仅其同源性达到99.72%,且其氨基酸序列同源性为100%;在IPTG诱导下pET-52b（＋）-Klf4重组质粒可表达与预期相符的约为57×103的蛋白质;经IPTG刺激后重组蛋白表达明显上调,其中IPTG为0.4 mol/L时效果最佳。结论从胎鼠皮肤中克隆的Klf4基因可在原核中表达。     

光叶楮肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆及其序列分析

目的:克隆构树Actin基因,为在分子生物学中研究外源基因在构树中的表达提供内参,为克隆和分析桑科其它植物的actin基因提供参考。方法:根据GenBank中一桑科植物桑树Actin基因的EST序列,设计引物,提取构树叶片总RNA,通过RT-PCR克隆目标片段。结果:获得一段大小为238bp的基因片段,经测序、同源性比较,这条片段的EST序列与桑树Actin基因、巴旦杏Actin基因的核苷酸同源性分别为96%、92%;氨基酸序列的同源性则分别为100%、98.73%。结论:通过实验结果分析表明获得了构树actin基因EST序列。     

文昌鱼AmphiDC-like的全长cDNA克隆及其表达模式分析

本文旨在克隆文昌鱼树突样蛋白基因AmphiDC-like,采用实时 PCR法和原位分子杂交法对其表达模式进行分析.从文昌鱼神经胚cDNA文库测序得到的ESTs中筛选得到该基因片段,通过引物步移直接测序的方法,克隆得到其cDNA全长序列,对其推测的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析发现,该基因产物具有树突样细胞蛋白共有的保守区,并与多种生物的树突状细胞蛋白具有高度同源性,其中与脊椎动物的树突样细胞蛋白同源性较高. 实时 PCR结果显示, AmphiDC-like在文昌鱼受副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahemolyticus,Vp)感染后6 h到48 h表达均上调,并通过原位分子杂交技术观察到,该基因在文昌鱼鳃和消化道中有表达,为深入研究其功能奠定了基础.     

小鼠一个新基因mLPTS的克隆、表达及亚细胞定位

利用EST拼接技术,RT－PCR及DNA序列测定,首次成功克隆了小鼠新基因mLPTS。获得的mLPTS基因片段长1244bp,编剧了一个由332个氨基酸组成的蛋白质。该蛋白质与人的LPTS蛋白有78％的同源性,LPTS基因是本实验室通过定位候选克隆策略获得的一个新的肝癌相关基因。它在肝癌组织中不表达或低表达,并参与细胞生长的负调控。小鼠mLPTS基因在小鼠的各个组织中都有表达,与人LPTS基因的表达组织分布相同。分析比较了LPTS蛋白在不同物种间的序列同源性,发现LPTS在进化上是高度保守的,是一个具有重要功能的基因。将mLPTS基因与绿色荧光蛋白EGFP融合构建真核表达载体,在中国仓鼠卵CHO细胞中表达,发现mLPTS基因表达产物位于细胞核仁中,为进一步研究该基因的功能及作用途径提供了重要信息。     

1H NMR Spectroscopy Profiling of Metabolic Reprogramming of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells upon a Temperature Shift during Culture

We report an NMR based approach to determine the metabolic reprogramming of Chinese hamster ovary cells upon a temperature shift during culture by investigating the extracellular cell culture media and intracellular metabolome of CHOK1 and CHO-S cells during culture and in response to cold-shock and subsequent recovery from hypothermic culturing. A total of 24 components were identified for CHOK1 and 29 components identified for CHO-S cell systems including the observation that CHO-S media contains 5.6 times the level of glucose of CHOK1 media at time zero. We confirm that an NMR metabolic approach provides quantitative analysis of components such as glucose and alanine with both cell lines responding in a similar manner and comparable to previously reported data. However, analysis of lactate confirms a differentiation between CHOK1 and CHO-S and that reprogramming of metabolism in response to temperature was cell line specific. The significance of our results is presented using principal component analysis (PCA) that confirms changes in metabolite profile in response to temperature and recovery. Ultimately, our approach demonstrates the capability of NMR providing real-time analysis to detect reprogramming of metabolism upon cellular perception of cold-shock/sub-physiological temperatures. This has the potential to allow manipulation of metabolites in culture supernatant to improve growth or productivity.     

Characterization of pinocytic vesicles from CHO cells: resolution of pinosomes from lysosomes by analytical centrifugation

Pinocytic vesicles (pinosomes) and lysosomes from suspension cultured, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-S) cells have been resolved as two non-overlapping organelle populations by analytical centrifugation in Percoll gradients. Pinosomes were labeled with either horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a fluid phase content marker, or by radioiodination by pinocytosed lactoperoxidase (LPO). CHO-S cell lysosomes followed by three different marker enzymes and electron microscopy behaved as a single, dense organelle population. Pinosomes were partially resolved from plasma membrane, a less dense organelle population.     

人CS1-Fc融合蛋白的真核表达、蛋白纯化及生物学效应鉴定

人信号淋巴细胞激活分子F7 (SLAMF7/CS1)是一种细胞表面糖蛋白,在多发性骨髓瘤细胞中高度表达。已有研究表明CS1是多发性骨髓瘤较为灵敏且特异的生物标志物。CAR-T细胞免疫疗法是治疗多发性骨髓瘤的新方法,其中CS1 CAR-T细胞免疫疗法针对复发性难治性多发性骨髓瘤有较好的疗效。为了检测CS1 CAR-T细胞上CS1CAR的表达效率和探寻CAR-T细胞免疫疗法的辅助手段,文中制备了一种CS1-Fc融合蛋白。首先利用PCR技术从已有质粒中扩增得到CS1的胞外段序列,再通过重叠延伸PCR与人IgG1-Fc段相连。将重组片段连接至pMH3真核表达载体上,经酶切鉴定和DNA测序后,将重组质粒pMH3-CS1-Fc-his转染至中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO-S)。经G418加压筛选和流式细胞术鉴定,证实CS1-Fc融合蛋白在CHO-S细胞中获得了表达。利用镍柱对CS1-Fc融合蛋白进行纯化,经Western blotting鉴定,融合蛋白的分子量约为70 kDa。流式细胞术和细胞计数分析结果显示,CS1-Fc融合蛋白能有效检测CS1 CAR的表达效率,证实了CS1-Fc融合蛋白对CS1 CAR-T细胞具有活化、促增殖及促分泌细胞因子的作用。本研究结果为多发性骨髓瘤细胞免疫治疗CAR-T细胞的体外检测和效能强化奠定了实验基础。     

Specific detection of residual CHO host cell DNA by real-time PCR.

Chinese hamster ovary cells have been widely used to manufacture recombinant proteins for human therapeutic use. A sensitive quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of residual Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) DNA is presented in this paper. The assay is reasonably affordable and can be adapted for high-throughput screening using 96-well format. Real-time PCR primers were designed to amplify a 150bp region of a genomic fragment from hamster DNA. The specificity of the probe was evaluated in real-time PCR reactions using genomic DNA from mouse fibroblast, human kidney and hamster ovary cell lines as template. Sensitivity of real-time PCR was compared on genomic DNA from hamster cell line CHO DG44. These primers can be used in real-time PCR reactions to detect presence of contaminating hamster DNA in purified protein samples down to sensitivity of 300fg genomic DNA.     

rhVEGF165在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中的稳定表达、纯化及其生物学活性

利用哺乳动物细胞表达系统,稳定表达和纯化高生物学活性的人重组血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF165) 蛋白。将VEGF165克隆于表达载体pCDNA4.0,与T-GS载体共同转染CHO-S (中国仓鼠卵巢细胞) 细胞,MSX (Methionine sulphoximine) 加压筛选高表达细胞株,5 L发酵罐培养,细胞培养上清液通过三步纯化得到rhVEGF165蛋白,通过Western blotting、Biacore和人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖实验等对表达蛋白的特异性、亲和力及生物学活性等进行检测。所建立的细胞     

小鼠survivin基因重组真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的：应用质粒pEGFP-N1构建含小鼠survivin基因的重组真核载体。方法：采用Oligo核酸软件对Genbank上所发表的小鼠survivin mRNA序列进行分析,自行设计一对分别含有HindⅢ、BamHⅠ酶切位点的survivin基因上下游引物,利用PCR扩增出该基因的全序列cDNA,并将其定向克隆入pEGFP-N1的多克隆位点,构建pEGFP-N1/survivin重组真核表达载体。然后通过卡那霉素抗性筛选、双酶切及PCR鉴定,选取鉴定正确的克隆测序。结果：双酶切与测序结果表明目的基因序列克隆正确,成功构建了含有小鼠survivin基因的重组真核表达载体。结论：重组真核表达载体pEGFP-N1/survivin构建成功,为下一步研究sur-vivin在未成熟树突状细胞中诱导分化与致耐受作用奠定基础。     

Characterization of p53 in Chinese hamster cell lines CHO-K1, CHO-WBL, and CHL: implications for genotoxicity testing.

Since the p53 gene function is critical to how a cell responds to DNA damage, we investigated the p53 status in Chinese hamster cell lines commonly used in genotoxicity tests for cytogenetic damage around the world. These included: Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO-K1), Chinese hamster ovary WBL (CHO-WBL), and Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells. The results of DNA sequencing, protein analysis, and cell cycle analysis demonstrate that the CHO-K1 and CHO-WBL cell lines have mutant p53 sequence [a mutation in codon 211 in exon 6 resulting in a change from Thr (ACA) to Lys (AAA)], mutant protein (high spontaneous levels that are non-inducible after X-irradiation), and mutant function (lack of G1 checkpoint). Interestingly, the CHL cell line has a completely wild-type p53 DNA sequence. However, the CHL cells have an abnormally high spontaneous level of wild-type p53 protein expression that is not inducible after X-irradiation, yet there is some evidence of G1 delay after irradiation. The protein data suggests that p53 in CHL cells is not being regulated normally, and thus is probably not functioning normally. The mechanism leading to this abnormal regulation of p53 in CHL cells clearly does not involve mutation in the p53 gene. Overall, the CHL cell line may be similar to the CHO cell lines, in that they all appear to have abnormal p53 function. Further work is needed to determine whether the presence of spontaneously high levels of wild-type p53 in CHL cells results in a difference in response to DNA damage (quantitatively or qualitatively) compared to the p53 mutant CHO cell lines.     

Modular sequence elements associated with origin regions in eukaryotic chromosomal DNA.

We have postulated that chromosomal replication origin regions in eukaryotes have in common clusters of certain modular sequence elements (Benbow, Zhao, and Larson, BioEssays 14, 661-670, 1992). In this study, computer analyses of DNA sequences from six origin regions showed that each contained one or more potential initiation regions consisting of a putative DUE (DNA unwinding element) aligned with clusters of SAR (scaffold associated region), and ARS (autonomously replicating sequence) consensus sequences, and pyrimidine tracts. The replication origins analyzed were from the following loci: Tetrahymena thermophila macronuclear rDNA gene, Chinese hamster ovary dihydrofolate reductase amplicon, human c-myc proto-oncogene, chicken histone H5 gene, Drosophila melanogaster chorion gene cluster on the third chromosome, and Chinese hamster ovary rhodopsin gene. The locations of putative initiation regions identified by the computer analyses were compared with published data obtained using diverse methods to map initiation sites. For at least four loci, the potential initiation regions identified by sequence analysis aligned with previously mapped initiation events. A consensus DNA sequence, WAWTTDDWWWDHWGWHMAWTT, was found within the potential initiation regions in every case. An additional 35 kb of combined flanking sequences from the six loci were also analyzed, but no additional copies of this consensus sequence were found.     

Mutations affecting assembly of beta-tubulin localize to a region near the carboxyl terminus

The generation of Chinese hamster ovary cell lines that express assembly defective forms of beta-tubulin were isolated using selections based on reversion of conditional lethal or drug resistance phenotypes. Two such cell lines, D2 and 6H3, were chosen for further characterization because they contain beta-tubulin polypeptides that exhibit decreases in apparent molecular weight on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Analysis of the nucleic acid from these cell lines using both Southern and Northern procedures suggests a deletion in one of the beta-tubulin genes in each cell line. Localization of the missing sequence in D2 was first determined by tryptic peptide mapping by high performance liquid chromatography. Subsequently, the assignment was confirmed by constructing appropriate subclones of a wild type Chinese hamster ovary beta-tubulin cDNA for Southern analysis to demonstrate a failure to recognize characteristic hybridization patterns of the mutant tubulin gene. In the other revertant, 6H3, the deletion was detected on a Northern blot by differential hybridization of a 3' fragment of the cDNA to the beta-tubulin messages. The results indicate that D2 has an internal deletion whose approximate limits extend from amino acid residues 250 through 345. Cell line 6H3 has a deletion that begins near amino acid residue 330 and extends into the 3'-untranslated region of the gene.