In Situ Detection of Freshwater Fungi in an Alpine Stream by New Taxon-Specific Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Probes

New rRNA-targeting oligonucleotide probes permitted the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) identification of freshwater fungi in an Austrian second-order alpine stream. Based on computer-assisted comparative sequence analysis, nine taxon-specific probes were designed and evaluated by whole-fungus hybridizations. Oligonucleotide probe MY1574, specific for a wide range of Eumycota, and the genus (Tetracladium)-specific probe TCLAD1395, as well as the species-specific probes ALacumi1698 (Alatospora acuminata), TRIang322 (Tricladium angulatum), and Alongi340 (Anguillospora longissima), are targeted against 18S rRNA, whereas probes TmarchB10, TmarchC1_1, TmarchC1_2, and AlongiB16 are targeted against the 28S rRNA of Tetracladium marchalianum and Anguillospora longissima, respectively. After 2 weeks and 3 months of exposure of polyethylene slides in the stream, attached germinating conidia and growing hyphae of freshwater fungi were accessible for FISH. Growing hyphae and germinating conidia on leaves and in membrane cages were also visualized by the new FISH probes.     

New data on Myxosporidia of Black Sea fishes

A new species of myxosporidians Alatospora solomoni from Trachurus mediterraneus is described. Two more species Sphaeromyxa balbiani from Blennius sanguinolentus and Ortholinea divergens from Symphodus roissali are found in the Black Sea for the first time.     

Notes on Tragia, Dalechampia and Clutia (Euphorbiaceae) in Ethiopia and Somalia

Tragia mitis is lectotypified and T. cinerea is neotypified. T. abortiva, T. ashiae, T. crenata, T. doryodes, T. mixta, T. negeliensis, T. triumfettoides and T. uncinata are described as new. The new combination Dalechampia pavoniifolia is made. Clutia lanceolata is extended to include African material and the new combination Clutia lanceolata ssp. robusta made.     

Observations on the Bolbitiaceae – 23. Interesting Danish members of the family

Conocybe huijsmanii Watling, C. elegans Watling and C. parvula Dossing & Watling are described as new species. Bolbitius lacleus J. E. Lange is redescribed and neotypified, and C. utriformis P. D. Orton is recorded for the first time for Denmark. Short notes on a collection agreeing with Jakob E. Lange's interpretation of Pholiota brunneola and on Danish material of Agrocybe firma (Peck) Singer are offered.     

Aquatic hyphomycetes as endophytes of riparian plant roots

Eighteen species of aquatic hyphomycetes were recorded as root endophytes in roots of living plants including grasses and pteridophytes from wet fields near ravine areas. Alatospora acuminata, A. pulchella, Acaulopage tetraceros, Anguillospora crassa, Campylospora chaetocladia, Lemonniera cornuta, L. pseudofloscula, L. terrestris, Pestalotiopsis submersus and Tetrachaetum elegans were found for the first time as root endophytes. A. longissima, Campylospora purvula, Clavariopsis aquatica, Cylindrocarpon aquaticum, Heliscus lugdunensis, Lunulospora curvula, Tetracladium marchalianum and T. setigerum, which were known previously as root endophytes, are reported here on new hosts. Maximum occurrence was found in November and December.     

Notes on Withania (Solanaceae) in Somalia

The identity of Withania reichenbachii is established, the name is neotypified, and the species is described and illustrated. The new combination W. grisea (Hepper & Boulos) Thulin is made. The typification of W. somnifera is discussed, and it is concluded that the present typification can stand. A key to and a synopsis of the four species of Withania now recognised in Somalia are given.     

Three new species of Chascanum (Verbenaceae) and notes on the genus in the Horn of Africa region

The new species Chascanum mixtum, from evergreen bushland and rocky slopes in north-western Somalia, C. elburense. from deciduous bushland mainly on sand in central Somalia, and C. glandulosum, from Acacia-Commiphora bushland on sandy soil in north-western Somalia, are described and illustrated. C. sessilifolium (Vatke) Moldenke is recircumscribed and neotypified with a specimen from the original type locality, and C. obovatum Sebsebe ssp. glaucum Sebsebe is placed in the synonymy of C. gillettli Moldenke.     

Cantharellus texensis sp. nov. from Texas, a southern lookalike of C. cinnabarinus revealed by tef-1 sequence data

This contribution to the genus Cantharellus in North America deals with the smaller, reddish pink species from the Gulf of Mexico states and eastern United States. C. texensis sp. nov. is presented as a new southern lookalike of C. cinnabarinus. The morphological species concepts are supported by newly generated molecular sequence data from the protein coding gene tef1. Similarities to C. persicinus, a third pinkish taxon, are discussed. The very different microscopic features for the three taxa are illustrated in detail. C. cinnabarinus is neotypified. C. minor forma intensissima is considered to be possibly unrelated not only to the discussed taxa in this paper but also to typical C. minor.     

四川水生丝孢菌(英文)

作者对四川省成都市及郊区的华阳、彭县、新繁、广汉、灌县以及峨眉山和青城山地区的水生丝孢菌进行了调查和研究。主要采集江、湖、河、溪、水塘、沟渠和人工湖泊等水体中的腐烂和半腐烂的植物叶片、枝果和泡沫等进行分离,根据孢子等的形态进行鉴定。初步鉴定出14属17种水生丝孢菌,除刚毛四枝孢Tetracladium setigerum外,其余16种全部是我国新记录。它们是: 1.Alatosporaa acuminata Ingold尖翼孢2.Anguillospora longissima(de Wild.)Ingold长水线孢3.Campylospora chaetocladia Ranzoni枝水曲孢4.Clavariopsis aquatica de Wildeman水生拟珊瑚孢5.Clavatospora tentacula(Umphlett)Nilsson卷须水棒孢6.Culicidospora gravida Petersen胀蚊孢7.Flagellospora curvula Ingold弯鞭孢8.Flagellospora penicillioides Ingold帚状鞭孢9.Lemonniera aquatica de Wildeman水生放射孢10. Lemonniera terrestris Tubaki 土生放射孢11. Lunulospora curvula Ingold 弯新月孢12. Tetrachaetum elegans Ingold 雅致刺孢13. Tetracladium marchalianum de Wildeman 马钱四枝孢14. Tetracladium setigerum (Grove) Ingold 刚毛四枝孢15. Tripospermum camelopardus Ingold, Dann & McDougall 多绺孢16. Tricladium angulatum Ingold 火箭孢17. Triscelophorus monosporus Ingold 棱三枝孢在作者的采集、分离中,水生丝孢菌在烂叶上比泡沫中多,清水中比污水中多,杨、柳、枫等薄而软的叶片上比厚而硬的叶片上多,后者如桉树、冬青等。Campylospora chaetocladia, Lunulospora curvula 和Tetracladium marchalianum是四川最常见的种,而Tripospermum camelopardus, Culicidospora gravida和Tricladium angulatum则少见,但后三者在其他温带地区却较普遍。     

Nomenclatural notes on Persicaria

The following names are lectotypified: Polygonum amphibium, P. foliosum, P. hydropiper, P. lapathifolium ssp. leptocladum, P. pallidum and P. persicaria, Polygonum persicaria var. incana is neotypified. Polygonum ruderale is a superfluous nomenclatural synonym of P. persicaria . The following new combinations are made: Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. pallida, P. lapathifolia var. incana and P. lapathifolia var. linicola . The nomenclature of H. B. Danser's early works is discussed.
Flora Nordica Notes no. 8.     

四川水生丝孢菌

作者对四川省成都市及郊区的华阳、彭县、新繁、广汉、灌县以及峨眉山和青城山地区的水生丝孢菌进行了调查和研究。主要采集江、湖、河、溪、水塘、沟渠和人工湖泊等水体中的腐烂和半腐烂的植物叶片、枝果和泡沫等进行分离,根据孢子等的形态进行鉴定。初步鉴定出14属17种水生丝孢菌,除刚毛四枝孢Tetracladium setigerum外,其余16种全部是我国新记录。它们是: 1.Alatosporaa acuminata Ingold尖翼孢2.Anguillospora longissima(de Wild.)Ingold长水线孢3.Campylospora chaetocladia Ranzoni枝水曲孢4.Clavariopsis aquatica de Wildeman水生拟珊瑚孢5.Clavatospora tentacula(Umphlett)Nilsson卷须水棒孢6.Culicidospora gravida Petersen胀蚊孢7.Flagellospora curvula Ingold弯鞭孢8.Flagellospora penicillioides Ingold帚状鞭孢9.Lemonniera aquatica de Wildeman水生放射孢10. Lemonniera terrestris Tubaki 土生放射孢11. Lunulospora curvula Ingold 弯新月孢12. Tetrachaetum elegans Ingold 雅致刺孢13. Tetracladium marchalianum de Wildeman 马钱四枝孢14. Tetracladium setigerum (Grove) Ingold 刚毛四枝孢15. Tripospermum camelopardus Ingold, Dann & McDougall 多绺孢16. Tricladium angulatum Ingold 火箭孢17. Triscelophorus monosporus Ingold 棱三枝孢在作者的采集、分离中,水生丝孢菌在烂叶上比泡沫中多,清水中比污水中多,杨、柳、枫等薄而软的叶片上比厚而硬的叶片上多,后者如桉树、冬青等。Campylospora chaetocladia, Lunulospora curvula 和Tetracladium marchalianum是四川最常见的种,而Tripospermum camelopardus, Culicidospora gravida和Tricladium angulatum则少见,但后三者在其他温带地区却较普遍。     

Typification of Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare (Caryophyllaceae)

The basionym of Cerustium fontanum ssp. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter and Burdet, C. vulgare Hartman, is neotypified, based on a specimen in UPS. Flora Nordica notes No. 14.     

Ecological studies of spores of aquatic hyphomycetes in the cringle brook,lincs

The aquatic Hyphomycete spora of the Cringle Brook, Lincs, was examined by foam sampling and by the use of cellophane impaction traps between August, 1968 and January, 1970.The species most frequently found (Tetracladium marchalianum, Alatospora acuminata and Flagellospora curvula) were generally in agreement with those found by other workers in temperate areas. Impaction trap samples generally contained fewer species than foam samples but filiform spore types such as Flagellospora were more frequently found on traps than in foam suggesting that impaction is more selective towards the filiform spore type than is foam. Many species increased in frequency in autumn accompanying and following leaf fall, and the winter spora was dominated by Alatospora acuminata, Clavariopsis aquatica, Clavatospora stellata, Flagellospora curvula and Lemonniera aquatica. During the summer the spora was dominated by Tetracladium marchalianum.The role of foam and impaction in the balance of aquatic spore populations is discussed in relation to techniques available for their study.     

A novel enzyme immunoassay for conidia of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum F504

This study was undertaken to develop a new tool to study fusarial diseases of plants. Micro- and macro-conidia of a strain (F504) of Fusarium oxysporum were isolated and antiserum against the conidia was elicited in rabbits. A highly specific and sensitive competitive-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for conidia of the strain was developed using the antiserum with beta-D-galactosidase-labeled anti-rabbit IgG as the secondary antibody and conidia fragments of the strain as antigen attached to Amino-Dylark solid-phase balls. The assay was highly specific to conidia of the strain F504, while conidia-free hypha of the strain F504 as well as all other microorganisms tested including nine other strains of Fusarium species showed little cross-reactivity. Application of the ELISA to following the growth rates of conidia in hyphae of the strain F504 under several conditions are also reported.     

Nomenclatural notes and typification of names in the mangrove tribe Rhizophoreae (Rhizophoraceae) of India

The nomenclatures of the taxa of the mangrove Rhizophoraceae of India have been scrutinized and 20 names are lectotypified or neotypified. In addition, the holotypes of some names are located for the first time with clarifications provided. Since natural hybridization is common in Rhizophoraceae, its consequences for the correct application of names is also briefly discussed.     

Blastobotrys,Sporothrix and Trichosporiella: generic delimitation,new species,and a Stephanoascus teleomorph

The morphological and physiological characters of the species of Blastobotrys, and of a number of similar species of Sporothrix, Trichosporiella and Candida were studied. Blastobotrys is defined as having mother cells (primary conidia) which form distinct, secondary conidia. Sporothix has non-catenulate conidia, or the conidia are catenulate without marked differentiation of conidia of first and second order. Trichosporiella is delimited from Candida by a stronger coherence between hyphal cells, arthroconidia being absent. Four new Blastobotrys species are described, and two unnamed species; two new combinations are proposed in Trichosporiella. Related species in other genera are briefly discussed. A new Stephanoascus teleomorph is described in two strains originally identified as Sp. fungorum. Two diagnostic keys to the described taxa, using either morphological or physiological characters, are given.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dictyochaeta multifimbriata</Emphasis>, a new species from Taiwan

A new species of the dematiaceous hyphomycete genus Dictyochaeta was collected on a dead twig in Taiwan. It is characterised by solitary conidiophores and reniform, non-septate conidia with several setulae at each end. The species is compared with other species having non-septate, setulate conidia and is described as Dictyochaeta multifimbriata.     

Bambusicolous fungi in Japan (8): a new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudolachnella from</Emphasis> Yakushima Island,southern Japan

A coelomycetous fungus occurring on culms of Pleioblastus sp. in Yakushima Island, southern Japan, is described and illustrated as a new species, Pseudolachnella yakushimensis. The species is characterized by cupulate, superficial black setose conidiomata, and cylindrical 3-septate conidia with two to five appendages at each end. Pseudolachnella yakushimensis is similar to P. indica and P. scolecospora by its 3-septate conidia, but is different from them by its smaller conidia with more than two appendages.