STROPHOMENIDE BRACHIOPODS FROM THE CHANGWU FORMATION (LATE KATIAN, LATE ORDOVICIAN) OF CHUN'AN, WESTERN ZHEJIANG, SOUTH-EAST CHINA

Abstract:  Late Ordovician strophomenide brachiopods (superfamilies Strophomenoidea and Plectambonitoidea) from the upper Changwu Formation (mid Ashgill, late Katian) of Jianglütang, Chun'an County, western Zhejiang Province, consist of ten genera and 12 species. Five new species of three new genera are recognized: Chunanomena triporcata , Chunanomena sembellina , Cheramomena subsolana , Lateriseptomena modesta , and Lateriseptomena rugosa . The strophomenide brachiopods from the upper Katian strata described in this study and those from the border region of Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces reported in previous work contain 16 strophomenoid and 12 plectambonitoid genera, and most of the strophomenoids are endemic to South China. Numerical analysis of well-documented late Katian strophomenide brachiopod faunas indicates a strong provincialism, characterized by the highly distinct North American province (Laurentia), the South China-Kazakhstan province, and the Avalonia-Baltica province (Wales, Belgium and Sweden). Surprisingly, the Girvan district of Scotland, which was a peri-Laurentian terrane during the Ordovician, contains a late Katian brachiopod fauna that is more closely related to the contemporaneous brachiopods of Avalonia-Baltica than to those of North America.     

ORDOVICIAN (ARENIG–CARADOC) SYNTROPHIIDINE BRACHIOPODS FROM THE EAST BALTIC REGION

Abstract:  Syntrophiidine brachiopods are a rare and poorly known component of Ordovician Baltoscandian faunas. They appear in the East Baltic in the Billingenian (lower Arenig) as part of the earliest known benthic assemblages dominated by elements of the Palaeozoic Evolutionary Fauna. These faunal assemblages usually include bryozoans, ostracodes, and the earliest known porambonitoids, strophomenides and endopunctate orthides, such as Idiostrophia and Orthidium , which later became characteristic of the Whiterockian brachiopod assemblages in Laurentia, but by that time had disappeared from Baltica. The superfamily Syntrophioidea reappears in Baltoscandia in the mid Caradoc. In contrast, Porambonitoidea remained the integral part of the Baltoscandian brachiopod associations through the Ordovician. Porambonites , herein redefined on the basis of restudy of the type species P. intermedius , includes only smooth porambonitoids; taxa with the distinctive ornament of radiating rows of pits first appeared in the group in the mid Arenig. The taxa Eoporambonites gen. nov., Tetralobula peregrina sp. nov., Idiostrophia prima sp. nov. and Idiostrophia tenuicostata sp. nov. are erected.     

海南岛白沙县金波早石炭世早期腕足动物群

海南岛地区的石炭纪腕足动物,以往缺乏研究和描述。产于白沙县金波的早石炭世腕足动物化石群,经鉴定共有22属,30种和未定种,其中4新种;这是该岛迄今发现的最丰富、较可靠的早石炭世杜内期腕足动物群。在属种组合上,这个动物群以石燕贝目分子为优势组分;在区系特征上,它与扬子区系有一定差别,而与北方生物地理区系有较多的相似性和可比性;这个动物群的发现,为进一步探讨和解释海南岛早石炭世构造古地理格局及其演化提供了重要线索。文中还详细讨论了相关地层名称的取舍等问题。     

论志留纪的小莱采贝类——具壳线、无疹无窗贝族(腕足动物)

对志留纪ＧａｎｎａｎｉａＦｕ１９８２，ＰｒｏｔａｔｈｙｒｉｓｉｎａＺｈｕ１９７４和ＳｔｅｇｏｓｐｉｒａＦｕ１９８２等３属模式种地模标本的再研究，表明它们的基本特征，尤其是主基和腕螺（包括腕锁）构造，均与ＲｅｔｚｉｅｌｌａＮｉｋｉｆｏｒｏｖａ１９３７属一致，后者是首异名（ｓｅｎｉｏｒｓｙｎｏｎｙｍ），应予保留，前３属是次异名（ｊｕｎｉｏｒｓｙｎｏｎｙｍｓ），应该废弃。曾被国外学者视作识别泥盆纪Ａｔｈｙｒｉｓｉｎａ属（模式种为ＡｔｈｙｒｉｓｉｎａｓｑｕａｍｏｓａＨａｙａｓａｋａ）的标准的ＡｔｈｙｒｉｓｉｎａｍｉｎｏｒＨａｙａｓａｋａ１９２０，系Ｐｒｏｔａｔｈｙｒｉｓｉｎａ的模式种Ｐ．ｋｕｔｓｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＺｈｕ１９７４的同义名，现改归Ｒｅｔｚｉｅｌｌａ属。以上４属曾被有些学者视为ＭｏｌｏｎｇｉａＭｉｔｃｈｅｌｌ１９２１的同义名。经笔者重新研究地模标本及其系统切面后发现，Ｍｏｌｏｎｇｉａ的模式种Ｍ．ｅｌｅｇａｎｓＭｉｔｃｈｅｌｌ１９２１与ＲｅｔｚｉｅｌｌａｗｅｂｅｒｉＮｉｋｉｆｏｒｏｖａ１９３７尽管腕骨构造类型相同，但它们的主基特征有着重要区别，后者发育隔板槽和中隔板，前者缺失这两种构造，仅具低短的肌隔。因此，     

中国水螅属一新种(螅形目,水螅科)

记述水螅科水螅属1新种：哈尔滨水螅Hydra harbinensis sp.nov.。本种与其它已报告的雌雄同体水螅有明显区别,只与美洲的海曼水螅较为相似,但也有不同,其与海曼水螅的区别为：生活于静水,能直立并可横向附着生活,实验室培养用储放的自来水可正常生活及生殖。粘刺丝囊小型。胚鞘的鞘膜表面有网格,每根圆锥形的棘刺发自每一网格中央,棘刺无结节,不分叉。精巢数目为2～6个,卵为4～6个。模式标本保存于哈尔滨师范大学生命与环境科学学院生物学系无脊椎动物研究室。     

中国水螅属一新种(螅形目,水螅科)

记述采自北京地区水螅属1新种：北京水螅Hydra beijingensis sp．nov．。新种的主要鉴别特征是出现体部与柄的分化;钩刺丝囊内刺丝缠绕具有2种形态：大部分钩刺丝囊(占2／3左右)内顶端基部刺丝呈4～5圈横向弹簧状缠绕,而占所观察刺丝囊总数1／3左右的囊内刺丝为不规则缠绕和纵向缠绕。标本保存在哈尔滨师范大学生命与环境科学学院生物学系无脊椎动物研究室。     

中国水螅属一新种(水螅纲,水螅科)

报道采自广东省肇庆市的淡水水螅1新种,多形水螅Hydra polymorphus sp.nov.,研究标本均来自1只水螅的单系繁殖群体,测量数据经生物统计学处理。新种的钩刺丝囊外形及内部刺丝盘旋均有多种形态,故新种名以此命名。所有研究标本保存于深圳大学生命科学学院。     

中国水螅属一新种(水螅虫纲:螅形目)

报道采自黑龙江省漠河地区北极村水螅１新种,即漠河水螅Ｈｙｄｒａ ｍｏｈｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,模式标本保存于哈尔滨师范大学生物学系无脊椎动物教学研究室。     

福建大田崆峒山晚二叠世长兴组的牙形刺

该文记述了福建大田崆峒山晚二叠世长兴组牙形刺化石4属7种,在长兴组上部建立了Neogondo-lella changxingensis-N.deflecta-N.subcarinata组合带,着重分析了崆峒山长兴组牙形刺的分布规律和组合特征。认为该组合可与浙江煤山长兴阶上部牙形刺组合带对比;福建大田崆峒山长兴组仅大致相当于我国华南长兴阶或浙江煤山长兴组的中、上部,其下伏的原属翠屏山组海相碎屑岩应划归长兴阶。     

中国水螅属一新种(水螅虫纲:螅形目)

描述采自黑龙江省大庆、泰来和阿城地区的水螅属一新种：大庆水Ｈｙｄｒａ ｄａｑｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ＦＡｎ,ｓｐ。ｎｏｖ．。新种的主要鉴别特征是：构刺丝囊内顶基部具有４．５～５．０圈横向弹簧状缠卷刺丝,较大型的构刺丝囊、粘刺丝囊和卷刺丝囊,生殖期,雄必个体形成数目较多的精巢（１２～１８个）和雌性个全产生较多的卵（４～１０枚）的遗传特性。标本保存在哈尔滨师范大学生物学系无脊椎动物教研室。     

LATE DEVONIAN (FAMENNIAN) LUNGFISHES FROM THE CATSKILL FORMATION OF PENNSYLVANIA, USA

Abstract:  Occurrences of fossil lungfishes (Dipnoi: Sarcopterygii) in the Famennian Catskill Formation of Pennsylvania are reviewed. A nearly complete dermal skull roof is assigned to a new genus and species, Apatorhynchus opistheretmus . Other recently discovered lungfish specimens include an incomplete postcranium similar to that of the Frasnian genus Fleurantia , a small parasphenoid of uncertain affinities, and isolated toothplates. Previously described dipnoan remains from the Catskill Formation include a partial skull roof of Soederberghia groenlandica , toothplates assigned to several species of Dipterus , a putative rostral or symphysial region placed in the problematic form taxon Ganorhynchus , and sedimentary structures interpreted as burrows. The toothplates attributed to Dipterus are indeterminate and are placed in open nomenclature, while the specimen identified as Ganorhynchus is not convincingly dipnoan. The status of the burrows remains uncertain pending the discovery of lungfish remains within these or similar structures in Catskill deposits. The distinct ichthyofaunas within the Catskill Formation and their lungfish components are briefly reviewed. Lungfishes are found in the Holoptychius - and Bothriolepis -dominated faunas common in the Catskill succession, as well as in the compositionally distinctive Red Hill assemblage. Many of the Devonian continental faunas that contain tetrapods also include long-snouted, denticle-bearing lungfishes ('rhynchodipterids', fleurantiids, or both). The composition of Late Devonian ichthyofaunas may have predictive qualities that will allow researchers to identify localities likely to produce the remains of early tetrapods.     

SILICIFIED RHYNCHONELLIFORM BRACHIOPODS FROM THE KUNIUTAN FORMATION (DARRIWILIAN: MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN), GUIYANG, SOUTH CHINA

Abstract: A silicified brachiopod fauna from the Middle Ordovician Kuniutan Formation (lower–middle Darriwilian, i.e. uppermost Arenig to lower Llanvirn) at Wudang, Guiyang, central Guizhou, South China, includes abundant specimens of Yangtzeella, Orthambonites and Leptellina together with common Parisorthis, Saucrorthis, rare Anomalorthis?, Hemipronites?, Leptestia? and, significantly, Aporthophyla; associated are rare trilobites, gastropods, crinoids and nautiloids. The Yangtzeella kueiyangensis‐Orthambonites delicata Association is defined for this shallow‐water, Benthic Assemblage 3, association. This first record of Aporthophyla in South China may indicate a link between South China and the Toquima‐Table Head Province, where the Aporthophyla fauna is more typically developed. However, this association is significantly different from the latter in having three endemic genera, Yangtzeella, Saucrorthis and Parisorthis, rare numbers of Aporthophyla and Anomalorthis?, and the absence of many other typical elements of the Aporthophyla fauna. The occurrence of Orthambonites, Hemipronites? and Leptestia? suggests some relationships between South China and the Baltic Platform during the Mid Ordovician. The various brachiopod associations bearing Aporthophyla may be quite different in nature, composition and diversity, and may possess different background palaeobiogeographical signatures. The assemblages containing Aporthophyla in South China, Qaidam, Malaysia, Australia and possibly Tibet are clearly different biogeographically from those associated with the Toquima‐Table Head and the Celtic provinces. Two new species, Aporthophyla sinensis sp. nov. and Leptellina orientalis sp. nov. are described.     

南极利文期顿岛晚三叠世复理石相遗迹化石

南极利文斯顿岛赫德半岛中的迈尔斯陡崖组主要是浅变质的石英长石杂砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩和粉砂岩与泥岩互层等组成的复理石,厚度可能超过３０００m,形成于浊积扇的上扇和下扇部分,时代可能为晚三叠世。在复理石相岩石中发育一套深水的遗迹化石,共有１５个遗迹属、１６人遗变种,其中有１０个可以鉴定到遗迹种,两个比较种,４个只鉴定到遗迹属,未鉴定到遗迹种,１建立１个新遗迹属及新遗迹种,除新遗迹属种外,其余１４个遗迹属,１５个遗迹种都曾经在深海复理石相浊积岩内发现过,其中Ｂelorhaphe,Glockerichnus,Lophoctenium,Rhabdo-glyphus,Paleodictyon,Suborenzinia,Spirophycus,Strobilorhaphe,Tuberculicnus,Cochlichnus等,属于浊流前产生在复理石相泥岩内的高度分异的雕画迹（Ｇraphoglyptida),它们产于泥岩却保存为上覆砂岩底面的铸型凸起。别外,Ｆucusopsis和Neonereites却产生在砂岩内代表浊流后形成的沉积后遗迹组合,文内还描述３种浊流常见的无机构造,并上上述遗迹化石进行比较。     

青海格尔木市乌丽晚二叠世乌丽群下部的腕足化石群及Waagenites的地理分布

记述的腕足动物化石标本采自青海格尔木市乌丽附近的开心岭煤矿（妈乌丽煤矿）乌丽群的下部,经研究认为,该化石群的腕足动物属种组合及生物相特征,可与华南苏皖南部、川东华蓥山的龙潭组,黔西的宣威组下部,以及藏东昌都一带的妥坝组等腕足化石群对比,属于华南晚二叠世早期（吴家坪期）海陆交互相含煤岩系的产的常见类群。讨论和纠正了英方关于该化石群的部分属种鉴定名称、时代结论,以及中国学者过去引证乌丽群化石资料与地层名称方面的错误,并就二叠纪质作用和地质历史的强烈影响,探讨了Waagenites与Tethyo-chonetes的地质地理分布。     

海南岛早志留世晚期腕足类Xinanospirifer的发现--兼论南好组

海南岛保亭县毛感乡南兵至南好公路边南好组以往被确认为下石炭统岩关阶 ,并认为与其下的上志留统足赛岭组呈角度不整合接触。著者最近在该剖面南好组中发现兰多维列世特里奇期晚期 (LateTelychian)Xi nanospirifer腕足动物群和三叶虫Latiproetuscf.latilimbatus,证明久归于下石炭统岩关阶南好组的地质时代应改归于早志留世 (Llandoverian) ;海南岛地区在早志留世明显属于扬子地台区的范畴 ;从地质时间上还暗示南好组与其下伏的足赛岭组不可能存在角度不整合接触 ;     

中国广东水螅属一新种(水螅纲,无鞘螅目,水螅科)

报道采自中国广东省肇庆市的淡水水螅新种,即珠江水螅Hydra zhujiangensis sp.nov.,研究标本均来自1只水螅的单系繁殖群体,测量数据经生物统计学处理。新种名以水螅生境所属珠江水系命名。所有研究标本保存于深圳大学生命科学学院。     

孤峰组最底部的牙形刺动物群

在孤峰组底部发现了包括Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｎａｎｋｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ在内的牙形刺动物群。Ｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｓｅｒｒａｔａ Ｃｌａｒｋ ｅｔ Ｅｔｈｉｎｇｔｏｎ,１９６２是Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｎａｎｋｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｊｉｎ,１９６０）的同义名,Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｎａｎｋｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ已被北美学者推荐为瓜达洛坪统底界的标志化石。因Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｎａ     

强壮水螅的特征及其与寡水螅的种间差别问题

一种广泛分布于黑龙江省的大型具柄水螅被暂定为强壮水螅Hydra robusta(IT(?) 1947)。这一中国品系与IT(?)(1947)在日本报告的新种主要特征相同,包括具有精巢乳头。只是精巢乳头不稳定。在实验室条件下第一次有性生殖时每个雄体都发生精巢乳头,但第二次有性生殖时,同一群的后代可全部失去精巢乳头。这是介于强壮水螅与寡水螅Hydra oligactis Pallas(1766)之间的中间性状。从而导致作者做出结论,认为过去其他学者所主张的,以精巢乳头的有无做为鉴别特征来区分强壮水螅和寡水螅是不可靠的。因此,本文又检验了此种水螅的体细胞染色体,证明2n=30,其中第二对染色体上有明显近中位置的次缢痕,最小染色体的长度为最大染色体长度的二分之一以上。这些可做为此种水蝗的鉴别特征。对Niiyama(1944)和Datta(1970)在寡水螅上所做的染色体研究也做了比较及讨论。     

福建武平中二叠统童子岩组的小有孔虫

本文首次报道福建武平地区中二叠统童子岩组中与复通道Ｔｉｎ（Ｐｏｌｙｄｉｅｘｏｄｉｎａ）群共生的小有孔虫动物群１８属４４种,其中新种３个,该动物群在国内很少报道。通过这一小有孔虫群的研究,为童子岩组的地层时代时属提供了又一佐证,对该地区童子岩组中的炭岩层古生态特征也作了简单的讨论。