FGF9与FGFR3受体在骨发育与疾病中的作用

成纤维细胞生长因子9(fibroblast growth factor,FGF9)最初发现于人类神经胶质瘤细胞,是成纤维细胞生长因子家族的成员之一.研究发现FGF9在多种组织的发育及疾病的发生中起重要作用.FGF9与肝素结合活化FGFR3受体,可作用于软骨细胞,在骨骼发育及损伤过程中抑制软骨细胞增生和软骨内骨化.FGF9基因缺失或突变可分别导致骨骼发育不良或肿瘤.本文简要综述FGF9与FGFR3受体在骨发育中的作用及其致病机制的研究进展.     

间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化的信号通路

间充质干细胞具有向成骨细胞分化的潜能,可体外分离、培养和扩增,是骨组织工程中理想的种子细胞。近年的研究表明间充质干细胞的成骨分化受到多种信号通路的调控,现就其中研究较为深入的MAPK和Notch通路的情况作一简要综述。     

Cbfa1/Runx2与成骨细胞分化调控

成骨细胞是由间充质干细胞经骨原细胞和前成骨细胞分化而来的。近年来已鉴定转录因子Cbfal(core binding factor α1)是成骨细胞分化和骨形成的关键调控因子。在成骨细胞分化的过程中,Cbfal通过调控成骨细胞特异性细胞外基质蛋白基因的表达和成骨细胞周期参与成骨细胞的分化过程。新近发现Cbfal能通过自身的PST序列区域与Smads结合形成复合物共同参与成骨细胞的分化调控。     

成骨细胞的骨形成调控机制

成骨细胞在骨的形成、发育、改建、修复过程中发挥重要作用,多种生长因子可影响成骨细胞的增殖、分化及其合成细胞外基质的作用。多种生长因子对成骨细胞的作用既有相同之处,也有不同点。寻找一种或联合应用几种不同的生长因子达到既能促进成骨细胞增殖又保持其成骨活性将是今后研究的热点。     

调控骨骼形成的信号通路

骨骼形成后会处于不断的分解与重建中.通过骨骼形成与骨骼吸收之间的动态平衡来维持骨量.如果二者间的平衡被打破,骨吸收大于骨形成时,骨量会减少,骨骼微环境随之发生改变,脆性增加,进而引发骨质疏松、骨折等疾病.其中,骨骼形成是成骨细胞的重要功能.成骨细胞由间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)...     

成骨细胞的分化调控

骨组织中有两类参与调控骨代谢过程的细胞,成骨细胞负责造骨,破骨细胞负责溶骨。在一些骨相关疾病(如骨质疏松、骨相关肿瘤)发病过程中,造骨和溶骨失去平衡,这种失衡与破骨细胞和成骨细胞的数量异常及功能失调都有关,所以对成骨细胞分化机制的研究也是十分必要的。目前,已经有大量的文献表明,成骨细胞分化机制复杂,受许多激素、细胞因子以及一些小分子化合物的调控和影响,如骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)、Wnts等。     

牙齿发育与FGF 信号通路的关系

牙齿发育的过程,是一个连续并且复杂的过程。牙齿发育的分子机制可总结为:通过外胚层来源的上皮和其下方的间充质相互作用,来调节牙齿的形态学发生。成纤维细胞生长因子(Fibroblast Growth Factor,FGF)是一类肽类分子,它们通过与细胞膜上特异性受体的结合来发挥作用,以此来调节细胞生长。并且具有多种生物活性,是胚胎生长发育和成体组织创伤修复中最具有重要功能的细胞因子。通过众多科学研究,牙齿发育与FGF信号通路的关系已经研究的比较透彻,在牙齿的生长发育过程中,FGF发挥了关键性作用。     

TGF-β/BMPs、Wnt和MAPK信号通路在间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化中的作用

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)是一种多潜能成体干细胞,具有向成骨细胞分化的能力.在MSCs向成骨细胞分化中,受到多种信号通路调控,其中TGF-β/BMPs、Wnt、MAPK信号通路发挥了重要作用.而且,通过对Smad1蛋白酶体的调节,Wnt和MAPK信号可以对TGF-β/BMPs通路进行调控.在相关信号通路的共同作用下,MSCs向成骨细胞分化.现对MSCs分化过程中TGF-β/BMPs、Wnt、MAPK这三条通路进行了简要综述.     

circRNAs在成骨细胞分化中的调控作用

环状RNAs(circular RNAs,circRNAs)是一类新型内源性非编码RNAs,在调节生长发育、疾病发展等方面具有重要的生物学功能。新近研究证实,circRNAs参与调控牙周膜干细胞和骨髓干细胞等的成骨细胞分化。该文就当前circRNAs在成骨细胞分化中的最新研究进展作一综述,以帮助开发骨科疾病新疗法。     

bFGF／FGFR1信号传递与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF)作为一种强的血管源性生长因子与心血管疾病的发生,发展有着密切的关系,介绍了bFGF/FGFR1的信号传递及其与心血管疾病的关系和在心肌缺血和增生性疾病中的治疗作用。     

FGF/FGFR signaling: From lung development to respiratory diseases

The fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) signaling system regulates a variety of biological processes, including embryogenesis, angiogenesis, wound repair, tissue homeostasis, and cancer. It exerts these regulatory functions by controlling proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, and metabolism of target cells. The morphological structure of the lung is a complex tree-like network for effective oxygen exchange, and the airway terminates in the middle and distal ends of many alveoli. FGF/FGFR signaling plays an important role in the pathophysiology of lung development and pathogenesis of various human respiratory diseases. Here, we mainly review recent advances in FGF/FGFR signaling during human lung development and respiratory diseases, including lung cancer, acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis.     

The LIS1/NDE1 Complex Is Essential for FGF Signaling by Regulating FGF Receptor Intracellular Trafficking

1. Download high-res image (252KB)
2. Download full-size image

     

FGF9/FGFR1 promotes cell proliferation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,M2 macrophage infiltration and liver metastasis of lung cancer

Fibroblast growth factors 9 (FGF9) modulates cell proliferation, differentiation and motility for development and repair in normal cells. Abnormal activation of FGF9 signaling is associated with tumor progression in many cancers. Also, FGF9 may be an unfavorable prognostic indicator for non-small cell lung cancer patients. However, the effects and mechanisms of FGF9 in lung cancer remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the FGF9-induced effects and signal activation profiles in mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that FGF9 significantly induced cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomena (migration and invasion) in LLC cells. Mechanism-wise, FGF9 interacted with FGFR1 and activated FAK, AKT, and ERK/MAPK signal pathways, induced the expression of EMT key proteins (N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, MMP2, MMP3 and MMP13), and reduced the expression of E-cadherin. Moreover, in the allograft mouse model, intratumor injection of FGF9 to LLC-tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice enhanced LLC tumor growth which were the results of increased Ki67 expression and decreased cleaved caspase-3 expression compared to control groups. Furthermore, we have a novel finding that FGF9 promoted liver metastasis of subcutaneous inoculated LLC tumor with angiogenesis, EMT and M2-macrophage infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, FGF9 activated FAK, AKT, and ERK signaling through FGFR1 with induction of EMT to stimulate LLC tumorigenesis and hepatic metastasis. This novel FGF9/LLC allograft animal model may therefore be useful to study the mechanism of liver metastasis which is the worst prognostic factor for lung cancer patients with distant organ metastasis.     

FGF19-induced Hepatocyte Proliferation Is Mediated through FGFR4 Activation

FGF19 and FGF21, unique members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, are hormones that regulate glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis. Increased hepatocyte proliferation and liver tumor formation have also been observed in FGF19 transgenic mice. Here, we report that, in contrast to FGF19, FGF21 does not induce hepatocyte proliferation in vivo. To identify the mechanism for FGF19-induced hepatocyte proliferation, we explored similarities and differences in receptor specificity between FGF19 and FGF21. We find that although both are able to activate FGF receptors (FGFRs) 1c, 2c, and 3c, only FGF19 activates FGFR4, the predominant receptor in the liver. Using a C-terminal truncation mutant of FGF19 and a series of FGF19/FGF21 chimeric molecules, we determined that amino acids residues 38–42 of FGF19 are sufficient to confer both FGFR4 activation and increased hepatocyte proliferation in vivo to FGF21. These data suggest that activation of FGFR4 is the mechanism whereby FGF19 can increase hepatocyte proliferation and induce hepatocellular carcinoma formation.     

FGF15 Activates Hippo Signaling to Suppress Bile Acid Metabolism and Liver Tumorigenesis

1. Download high-res image (239KB)
2. Download full-size image