利用GFP/RFP双荧光指示载体鉴定特异性启动子功能

在基因表达定位或启动子调控模式的研究中, 多以gusA作为报告基因。但由于部分组织中高内源GUS背景活性或转化手段的限制, 使判断基因表达定位或调控时存在很大误差。为了解决上述问题, 本实验将报道基因绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和红色荧光蛋白(RFP)融合构建双荧光标记瞬时表达载体pBI221-RFP/GFP。该载体以CaMV35S启动子驱动GFP确定转化效率, 通过鉴定阳性个体的红色荧光活性分析目的基因或启动子的表达模式。并通过番茄E8和西瓜AGPL1果实特异启动子验证了该载体在启动子调控模式研究中的应用可行性。结果表明pBI221-RFP/GFP是一个可以在基因和启动子功能验证中应用的高效瞬时表达载体。     

基于四环素调控系统的叶绿体启动子在大肠杆菌中活性检测

旨在研究四环素调控系统在叶绿体基因工程中调控启动子活性。以四环素基因及四环素特异性识别序列的核心操控区为基础,首先合成带有四环素核心操控区的prrn O1O2启动子,通过酶切连接的方法连接到表达载体Bio3-GFP,并在大肠杆菌中验证该启动子的活性。结果表明,在该启动子的驱动下GFP基因表达使菌落呈明亮绿色;构建四环素诱导下GFP基因的表达载体Bio3-Tet R-prrn O1O2-GFP,筛选出适应大肠杆菌生长的最高四环素使用浓度为5μg/m L;然后构建四环素调控系统下的GFP表达载体,在未加入四环素时,prrn O1O2启动子的功能被抑制,加入四环素后,GFP基因表达出绿色荧光蛋白。说明利用四环素调控系统可以在大肠杆菌中控制叶绿体启动子prrn O1O2的活性,从而避免了核基因组对质体基因组的调控干扰,为进一步利用质体基因工程育种提供有效的方法和途径。     

香菇印gpd-Le和ras-Le启动子的功能分析

利用从香菇菌丝体中克隆的启动子片段gpd-Le(613bp)和ras-Le(715bp)分别连接于报告基因gfp(绿色荧光蛋白基因)的上游,构建了启动子功能活性检测表达质粒pLg-gfp和pLr-gfp。采用PEG介导法把表达质粒pLg-gfp和pLr-gfp分别与辅助质粒pCc1001(含有trp1基因)共转化进色氨酸营养缺陷型的灰盖鬼伞粉孢子的原生质体中。经过选择培养基筛选、假定转化子的分子鉴定以及GFP荧光检测。结果表明:香菇gpd-Le启动子在灰盖鬼伞的菌丝中具有较强驱动外源gfp基因表达的活性,在荧光显微镜和共聚焦显微镜下观察到gfp基因表达的绿色荧光。而香菇ras-Le启动子没有检测到有驱动外源gfp基因表达的活性。     

灰树花gpd-Gf启动子的功能分析

利用从灰树花菌丝体中克隆的gpd-Gf（615bp）启动子片段串联于报告基因gfp上游,构建启动子功能活性检测表达质粒pGg-gfp。采用PEG介导法把表达质粒pGg-gfp与辅助质粒pCc1001（含有trp1基因）共转化进色氨酸营养缺陷型的灰盖鬼伞粉孢子的原生质体中。经过选择培养基筛选、假定转化子的分子鉴定以及GFP荧光检测, 结果表明：灰树花gpd-Gf启动子在灰盖鬼伞菌丝中具有较强驱动gfp基因表达的活性,在荧光显微镜和共聚焦显微镜下可以观察到转化子菌丝发出的强烈荧光。     

结缕草胁迫诱导型启动子Rd29A的克隆及功能鉴定

以结缕草基因组DNA为模板,根据已报道Rd29A启动子序列设计了一对特异引物,在优化的PCR反应条件下扩增出了Rd29A启动子的基因片段,通过序列分析与文献报道的基因序列有41.65％的同源性.在GenBank上的登录号为EU346948.利用GFP基因作为报告基因,构建了用于比较鉴定所克隆启动子活性的pBIG (35S-GFP)和pBIRG (Rd29A-GFP)两个植物表达载体,进而采用基因枪法对洋葱表皮细胞进行遗传转化,检测Rd29A启动子在受体细胞中调控基因表达的活性.结果表明,克隆到的Rd29A启动子活性强于组成型的35S启动子,利用GFP瞬时表达的分析方法有效的筛选到用于进行草坪草抗逆育种的启动子.     

大肠杆菌双顺反子表达载体中绿色荧光蛋白表达水平的研究

构建了一系列含有编码硫氧还蛋白(Trx)和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因的双顺反子重组表达质粒,重点考察双顺反子间紧密相连和重迭的间隔序列.诱导表达后,对表达的GFP进行荧光检测,利用GFP的荧光强度来反映蛋白质的表达水平.结果表明各表达载体所表达的GFP的平均荧光强度差距很大,表明双顺反子间的间隔序列对报告基因表达水平有一定的影响,为实现不同功能基因表达的精确调控奠定了基础.     

香菇印gpd-Le和ras-Le启动子的功能分析

利用从香菇菌丝体中克隆的启动子片段gpd-Le(613bp)和ras-Le(715bp)分别连接于报告基因gfp(绿色荧光蛋白基因)的上游,构建了启动子功能活性检测表达质粒pLg-gfp和pLr-gfp。采用PEG介导法把表达质粒pLg-gfp和pLr-gfp分别与辅助质粒pCc1001(含有trp1基因)共转化进色氨酸营养缺陷型的灰盖鬼伞粉孢子的原生质体中。经过选择培养基筛选、假定转化子的分子鉴定以及GFP荧光检测。结果表明:香菇gpd-Le启动子在灰盖鬼伞的菌丝中具有较强驱动外源gfp基因表达的活性,在荧光显微镜和共聚焦显微镜下观察到gfp基因表达的绿色荧光。而香菇ras-Le启动子没有检测到有驱动外源gfp基因表达的活性。     

香菇印gpd-Le和ras-Le启动子的功能分析

利用从香菇菌丝体中克隆的启动子片段gpd-Le(613bp)和ras-Le(715bp)分别连接于报告基因gfp(绿色荧光蛋白基因)的上游,构建了启动子功能活性检测表达质粒pLg-gfp和pLr-gfp。采用PEG介导法把表达质粒pLg-gfp和pLr-gfp分别与辅助质粒pCc1001(含有trp1基因)共转化进色氨酸营养缺陷型的灰盖鬼伞粉孢子的原生质体中。经过选择培养基筛选、假定转化子的分子鉴定以及GFP荧光检测。结果表明:香菇gpd-Le启动子在灰盖鬼伞的菌丝中具有较强驱动外源gfp基因表达的活性,在荧光显微镜和共聚焦显微镜下观察到gfp基因表达的绿色荧光。而香菇ras-Le启动子没有检测到有驱动外源gfp基因表达的活性。     

水曲柳节律基因LHY启动子的克隆和功能分析

以水曲柳基因组DNA为模板,用Site Finding-PCR法扩增得到节律基因LHY（late elongated hypocotyl）启动子序列,长度为1 360 bp。PLACE启动子预测工具分析表明,序列中含有转录必备的TATA box、CAAT box以及一些非生物胁迫和激素响应元件等。构建植物GFP瞬时表达载体p PXGFP-P-LHY,农杆菌介导转化烟草叶片和白桦悬浮细胞,GFP检测结果表明,LHY启动子能够启动GFP基因在烟草和白桦细胞中表达,且对非生物胁迫（低温、高温、盐）产生响应;构建植物GUS报告基因整合表达载体p PCXGUS-P-LHY,农杆菌介导法瞬时转化烟草,GUS染色结果表明,LHY启动子的活性具有不同程度的时空特性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.