分子伴侣HdeA与底物蛋白SurA作用机制的模拟研究

分子伴侣HdeA与底物蛋白间的相互作用可帮助底物蛋白复性,这是肠道致病菌得以在酸性环境中幸存的重要原因之一.为探究HdeA发挥伴侣活性的作用机制,本研究采用分子对接和分子动力学的方法,模拟了HdeA与底物蛋白SurA间的相互作用,计算了二者的结合自由能.通过分析HdeA-SurA复合物体系的作用模式、氢键作用以及能量分解的结果,确定了HdeA与底物蛋白SurA结合时发挥重要作用的关键氨基酸残基.该研究结果为以后采用实验手段探究HdeA与底物蛋白之间的作用提供了重要的理论参考,同时为今后设计与开发HdeA的抑制剂提供了理论指导依据.     

细胞色素P450BM3催化正十六烷动力学计算

细胞色素P450 BM3作为烷烃羟基化酶,能催化正链烷烃,已被广发研究和应用.利用动力学模拟软件对BM3酶与烷烃底物复合物进行构象、酶的活性位点以及结合能的预测,并通过模拟水以及离子环境下对复合物的影响,从能量及构象位移的角度阐述BM3酶与底物结合的机理,从而用分子动力学观点来解释细胞色素P450催化烷烃机理.用Auto dock等软件将BM3与十六烷对接,发现底物C16与铁原子间距为7.57 ?,并发现与底物结合的活性位点关键残基:ALA 330,ALA 74,SER 72,GLN 73,ALA328,LEU 188,LEU 437.经Gromacs动力学模拟步长为1 ns,温度在298 K,压力为常压1.0,复合物结合稳定.     

蛋白质与极性配体复合物的绝对结合自由能计算

介绍了用分子动力学模拟与热力学积分法相结合,模拟蛋白质与配体的绝对结合自由能的方法.通过分子转换法,使蛋白质分子（包括水分子）与配体小分子之间的相互作用逐渐减弱 （或增强）至完全消失（或完全出现）. 运用体约束方法,计算了配体与受体结合后平动、转动自由度的丧失即熵效应所引起的自由能变化.以胰蛋白酶双突变体（D189G/G226D）与极性配体苯甲脒为例,研究了蛋白质活性部位与极性配体的相互作用对结合自由能的影响,该复合物绝对结合自由能的模拟结果(－15.5 kJ/mol)与实验值(－10.5 kJ/mol)相近.     

细胞外酶MnP降解聚乙烯的分子动力学研究

MnP酶(manganese peroxidase)已被鉴定为降解聚乙烯的关键酶,通过设计不同长度的碳链聚乙烯蜡为实验底物,分别与MnP结合分析.采用Auto dock分子对接软件进行结合能的预测.并用Gromacs软件模拟了水、离子环境下,底物复合物能量、空间构象的变化等情况.研究结果表明MnP酶只能催化C56以下的聚乙烯蜡,随着碳链长度的增加酶与底物结合越不稳定;能量分析表明随着碳链长度的增加,其动能逐渐降低,而总能量亦有降低的趋势.     

R-2-氯丙酸脱卤酶的定向进化

通过易错PCR手段将R-2-氯丙酸脱卤酶定向进化,并使用基于Cl-浓度显色反应的高通量筛选得到有效突变子库,发现突变子DehDIV-G2和DehDIV-E7的酶比活力分别提高25.2%和38.7%。通过SYBYL对酶与底物进行分子对接显示,DehDIV-G2的活化能下降0.961 4 kJ/mol,DehDIV-E7的活化能下降2.549 8 kJ/mol。由于酶和底物R-2-氯丙酸的活化能下降,亲和能力提高,从而提高酶的比活力。     

人组蛋白α-氨基乙酰基转移酶Nat11表达纯化、晶体生长及底物结合研究

α-氨基乙酰基转移酶11(Nat11)催化组蛋白H4和H2A氨基端乙酰化修饰,发挥着重要的表观遗传调控功能。将人Nat11基因构建到原核表达载体p SUMO中,转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行重组表达。通过镍柱亲和层析等一系列体外纯化步骤,获得高纯度Nat11。利用等温滴定量热法(ITC),测得Nat11与底物多肽微摩尔量级结合常数。利用质谱技术,发现纯化后的Nat11结合有大肠杆菌内源产生的乙酰辅酶A或辅酶A,在ITC滴定过程中可以产生对多肽底物的乙酰化修饰,表明纯化获得的Nat11在溶液中具有酶活力。随后,对Nat11进行晶体生长研究,通过初筛优化获得蛋白截短体及底物-酶融合蛋白单晶。     

绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂与猪胰蛋白酶复合物分子在四方和三方两种不同晶体中的取向关系

用Crowther的快速旋转函数研究了绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(MBI)-猪胰蛋白酶(PTRY)复合物的四方晶体和三方晶体中胰蛋白酶分子的取向关系,并得出了它们之间的旋转矩阵。此旋转矩阵能和从胰蛋白酶模型分子为出发点在四方和三方晶体中所求得的胰蛋白酶分子的取向相互印证。此结果将促进绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂与胰蛋白酶的复合物立体结构及它们在不同晶形中的差异的研究。     

Val22对恶臭假单胞菌扁桃酸消旋酶催化活性的影响

恶臭假单胞菌扁桃酸消旋酶的Val22位于20 s环状结构上, 是与底物结合相关的氨基酸之一。其中Val被替换为Arg后酶活性下降了75.9%。除了酶与底物疏水作用减弱以外, 静电排斥作用增强也可能引起活性的下降。利用分子动力学模拟对酶与底物的米氏复合物进行分析, 结果表明: 突变后第22位氨基酸侧链与底物的静电势从0.036 kJ/mol升高至0.124 kJ/mol。这说明氨基酸侧链极性的改变增加了侧链与底物分子之间的静电排斥作用, 因而静电排斥作用也是导致突变体活性下降的原因之一。同时, 突变后系统势能增加了283 kJ/mol, 进一步证实了第22位氨基酸侧链极性和带电性质的改变导致酶与底物结合状态的势能增大, 从而引起活性大幅下降。因此, 将来对酶的结合口袋区域进行理性设计时, 除了考虑空间位阻效应外, 还需考虑疏水作用和静电作用。     

南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B催化3-(4-氟苯基)戊二酸酐不对称醇解

采用分子模拟技术,研究了南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(Candida antarctica lipase B,CALB)催化3-(4-氟苯基)戊二酸酐(3-FGA)不对称醇解的分子机制。首先借助力场修改的Autodock 4.2软件将过渡态底物与CALB进行对接,根据对接自由能差异解析了CALB催化3-FGA与不同醇反应的立体选择性差异,得到的S型底物结合能小于R型底物;其次,基于扭转角机制分析发现,S型底物扭转角小于R型底物,从分子水平上揭示了CALB对S型底物选择性优于R型底物的机制。     

达托霉素生产工艺及其衍生物组合生物合成

作为首个进入临床应用的环脂肽类抗生素,达托霉素自2003年上市以来,适应症不断增加,市场前景良好。达托霉素的制备工艺与结构修饰,已经成为了近年抗感染用药研发的一个热点。追溯了达托霉素的发现历程,生产工艺沿革。重点介绍了达托霉素的发酵工艺,合成基因簇研究进展,以及组合生物技术在达托霉素结构修饰中的应用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.