梭梭糖基转移酶基因克隆及序列分析

以梭梭叶片为材料,根据其他植物糖基转移酶基因的保守序列设计引物,采用同源基因克隆及RACE-PCR方法克隆到2个同源的序列,分别命名为 HaUGT1和 HaUGT2。基因测序结果显示, HaUGT1基因编码区长1 485 bp,编码495个氨基酸; HaUGT2基因编码区长1 185 bp,编码394个氨基酸。HaUGT1和HaUGT2蛋白具有保守的PSPG 基序、UDP-葡萄糖基转移酶结构域,与其他植物中的糖基转移酶蛋白同源性较高。     

野生黄花苜蓿冷诱导基因克隆及序列分析

根据紫花苜蓿抗寒基因cas15B(登录号:L12462)的cDNA序列,设计1对特异引物,以经过低温胁迫的黄花苜蓿总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR方法克隆获得了550bp的cDNA片段。测序和序列分析结果表明,扩增片段长度为550bp,编码159个氨基酸。主要由Gly(甘氨酸)、Glu(谷氨酸)、His(组氨酸)、Lys(赖氨酸)这4种氨基酸组成,占总量的70%。含1个重复了5次的10肽基序,其序列为Lys-Gly-Glu-Gln-His-Gly-His(Phe)-Val(Leu)-Gly-Gly。经序列比较分析,该片段与紫花苜蓿冷诱导基因CAS15B的核苷酸、氨基酸的同源性均为90%,命名为MfCAS15-1。亚细胞结构定位分析结果显示,MfCAS15-1是一种定向到核的蛋白,在调节或维持核的结构与功能方面起作用。本研究在黄花苜蓿中成功获得了抗寒基因同源序列,为最终克隆黄花苜蓿MfCAS15-1抗寒基因全长奠定了基础。     

苋菜IRT1基因克隆、序列及表达分析

通过对镉超积累苋菜品种天星米铁转运蛋白基因( IRT1)的克隆、序列及表达分析,旨在为植物修复镉污染土壤奠定基础.依据同源克隆原理,通过RACE技术克隆苋菜IRT1基因及生物信息学方法分析基因序列结构和功能,Northern杂交研究基因表达.苋菜IRT1基因cDNA全长1135 bp,包含完整的阅读框,编码322个氨基酸.苋菜IRT1蛋白与已知铁转运蛋白相似性在53.70％-63.04％,具有铁转运蛋白典型的功能结构特征,即N端含有1个信号肽、氨基酸序列上具有完整的ZIP家族功能结构域( Pfam:Zip)和7个跨膜结构域(TMs).苋菜IRT1蛋白还具有1个COG0428超级家族(转运二价金属离子功能)、2个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点和2个酪蛋白Ⅱ磷酸化位点.低铁胁迫时苋菜根中IRT1基因表达量增加,加镉处理没有改变IRT1基因表达量.因此,推断苋菜IRT1基因是ZIP家族的一员,具有转运二价金属离子功能,将基因在GenBank中注册,序列号为:GU363501,命名为AmIRT1.     

赤羽病病毒核蛋白基因克隆和序列分析

参考GeneBank发表的赤羽病病毒(Akabane virus,AKAV)的核蛋白基因(SmRNA)序列,设计合成一对引物,从分离自牛体的AKAVBHK21细胞培养物巾提取总RNA,对．AKAV核蛋白基因进行RT-PCR扩增,产物经琼脂糖电泳分析,呈现一条约696bp的条带,同收纯化后,将其克隆至pMD18-T质粒载体中,然后进行核苷酸序列分析。与GenBank中报道的多株AKAV编码核衣壳蛋白(N)的SmRNA基因比较后发现,与其它株的核苷酸的同源性为94．2％～98．3％,推导的氨荜酸的同源性为97．6％～100％,证实为AKV的N基冈。为生产AKAV特异性核蛋白抗原、免疫血清学诊断试剂的制备和分子生物学研究打下了坚实基础。     

植物抗病基因克隆与功能研究进展

植物抗病基因（R基因）是分子植物病理学和植物基因工程研究的热点之一,R基因的克隆及其在抗病反应中的功能研究为揭示植物抗病机制和有效－控制植物病害奠定了基础,本文介绍了R基因的成功克隆方法和克隆新策略,对R基因编码产物的功能进行了分类分析,并对通过遗传工程途径发展R基因介导的抗病植物新品种进行了展望。     

植物抗病基因克隆的进展

抗病基因是抗病分子生物学和抗病育种的基因,本文介绍了近几年植物抗病基因克隆的进展,抗病基因克隆的新策略以及抗病基因结构特点与抗病机制的研究进展,讨论了抗病基因克隆的应用前景。     

矛尾鱼Hoxa—11基因克隆及5′端序列分析

Hoxa-11基因调节鱼类鳍和四足动物肢的发育,在脊椎动物进化过程中起着重要的作用,利用人和鼠的Hoxa-11基因保守序列设计了两个兼并引物,通过PCR扩增到了矛尾鱼的Hoxa-11基因,经克隆和DNA序列分析,该片段为2065bp,包括绝大部分外显子Ⅰ,内含子和部分外显子Ⅱ,编码204个氨基酸,其氨基酸序列与人、鼠、鸡、蛙和斑马鱼的同源性分别为66.0%、67.6%、74.4%、72.8%和59.7%。外显子Ⅰ的长度从矛尾鱼到蛙、鸡、鼠和人呈现逐步上升趋势,人比矛尾鱼增长了16%,进一步分析,外显子Ⅰ可分为4个区域;两个高度保守区域,1个中度保守区域和1个可变区域,外显子Ⅰ的长度变化主要是由于可变区域内丙氨酸同聚物以及两侧富含甘氨酸和丝氨酸序列的累积。矛尾鱼只有1个由两个丙氨酸组成的同类物,蛙有1个由5个连续丙氨酸组成的同聚物,而鸡、鼠和人有3个丙氨酸同聚物,其中最大的同聚物由7个连续丙氨酸组成,而且在同聚物两侧出现了富含甘氨酸和丝氨酸序列。这表明可变区域可能与脊椎动物进化和鳍-肢转换过程中新功能的获得有关。同源异型盒所在的外显子Ⅱ区和剪接位点是高度保守的。内含子的长度变化较大,但在其内部也发现了两个高度保守的35bp和16bp的DNA片段,这两个片段在人、鼠、鸡、蛙和矛尾鱼中是完全相同的,这些序列的高度保守性提示其功能上的重要性。     

禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒f基因克隆及序列分析

用RT-PCR一步法对云南省不同禽类(鸡、鸽子)3株禽I型副粘病毒F基因进行扩增和克隆,并对其f基因片段核苷酸序列进行分析,结果表明,云南省禽I型副粘病毒各毒株同源性为88.1%～94.9%,与疫苗株LaSota和强毒株F48E9的同源性为85.6%.所分离两株新城疫病毒在F蛋白裂解位点区(112～117aa)的氨基酸序列与强毒株在这一区域的序列完全相同,表明为强毒株.鸽I型副粘病毒F蛋白裂解位点区的氨基酸序列与PPMV ZQ98-1株在这一区域的序列完全相同,揭示为中强毒株.以1 662bp核苷酸绘制系统发育树,表明云南地方新城疫病毒属于基因Ⅶ型,鸽I型副粘病毒属于基因Ⅵ型.     

禽I型副粘病毒f基因克隆及序列分析

用RT-PCR一步法对云南省不同禽类(鸡、鸽子)3株禽I型副粘病毒F基因进行扩增和克隆,并对其f基因片段核苷酸序列进行分析,结果表明,云南省禽I型副粘病毒各毒株同源性为88.1%～94.9%,与疫苗株LaSota和强毒株F48E9的同源性为85.6%。所分离两株新城疫病毒在F蛋白裂解位点区(112～117aa)的氨基酸序列与强毒株在这一区域的序列完全相同,表明为强毒株。鸽I型副粘病毒F蛋白裂解位点区的氨基酸序列与PPMV ZQ98-1株在这一区域的序列完全相同,揭示为中强毒株。以1 662bp核苷酸绘制系统发育树,表明云南地方新城疫病毒属于基因Ⅶ型,鸽I型副粘病毒属于基因Ⅵ型。     

抗人AEG-1单克隆抗体可变区基因克隆及序列分析

AEG-1基因位于人染色体8q22,编码582个氨基酸,参与多种信号转导途径并与多种恶性肿瘤的发生、发展及生物学表型密切相关。为更好地探讨AEG-1生物学功能,以纯化的pGSTag-AEG-1蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,应用细胞融合技术并经筛选及鉴定,获得了分泌抗人AEG-1单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株1E3;Western blot及免疫组化证实该细胞株分泌的单克隆抗体能与肿瘤细胞中AEG-1蛋白特异性结合;RT-PCR方法从1E3细胞中克隆出抗AEG-1抗体的VH和VL基因片段,通过测序分析、碱基和蛋白序列的比对确认该株抗体为鼠源性IgG的轻、重链可变区基因。进一步运用Kabat System在线分析系统对VH和VL基因进行结构分析,确证FWRs和CDRs的结构完整,VH编码117个氨基酸;VL编码119个氨基酸,属于轻链κV家族。实验结果为进一步研究AEG-1与恶性肿瘤发生、发展的关系及在其临床诊断中的应用奠定了基础。     

三七环二肽成分和人参内酰胺成分

From the roots of Panax notoginseng fourteen cyclodipeptides 1-14 were isolated including one new compound (1),seven new natural compounds (4-10) and six known compounds (2-3,11-14) together with one known other compound 15.The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated as cyclo-(Leu-Thr) based on spectral methods.From the roots of Panax ginseng five known lactams (16-20) includingpyrng lutamic acid were isolated together with butyric diacid,daucosterol and sucrose.The primary binactivity test showed that pyroglutamic acid and its n-butyl derivative have weak Ca^2 antagonistic activity.     

三七花蕾中黄酮类成分的分离与结构鉴定(英文)

通过硅胶柱层析,制备性薄层色谱分离,从三七花蕾中分离得到2个黄酮化合物,依据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定为山奈酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(1)和山奈酚-3-O-(2’’,3’’-二反式对羟基桂皮酰基)-α-L-鼠李糖甙(2)。这两个黄酮均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Biotransformation of Saponins by Endophytes Isolated from Panax notoginseng

The biotransformation of the major saponins in Panax notoginseng, including the ginsenosides Rg1, Rh1, Rb1, and Re, by endophytes isolated from P. notoginseng was studied. One hundred and thirty‐six endophytes were isolated and screened for their biotransformational abilities. The results showed that five of the tested endophytes were able to transform these saponins. These five strains were identified based on their ITS or 16S rDNA sequences, which revealed that they belonged to the genera Fusarium, Nodulisporium, Brevundimonas, and Bacillus genera. Ten transformed products were isolated and identified, including a new compound 6‐O‐[α‐L ‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl]‐20‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyldammarane‐3,6,12,20,24,25‐hexaol ( 3 ), and nine known compounds, compound K ( 1 ), ginsenoside F2 ( 2 ), vinaginsenoside R13 ( 4 ), vinaginsenoside R22 ( 5 ), pseudo‐ginsenoside RT4 ( 6 ), (20S)‐protopanaxatriol ( 7 ), ginsenoside Rg1 ( 8 ), vinaginsenoside R15 ( 9 ), and (20S)‐3‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐6‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosylprotopanaxatriol ( 10 ). This is the first study on the biotransformation of chemical components in P. notoginseng by endophytes isolated from the same plant.     

First report of Plectosphaerella plurivora causing root rot disease in Panax notoginseng in China

Panax notoginseng is a highly valuable herb, but root rot disease severely impairs its development and decreases the yield and quality of roots. In this study, a fungal isolate (3A-2-2) was obtained from P. notoginseng seedlings with root rot symptoms and was identified as Plectosphaerella plurivora based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. The fungal isolate 3A-2-2 could cause root rot disease and be re-isolated, fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first study to report on root rot disease caused by P. plurivora on P. notoginseng in China.     

Studies on Cell Suspension Culture of Panax notoginseng

The optimum period of harvesting in cell suspension culture of Panax notoginseng was 30 days. The time course of sap.nih formation proceeded almost in parallel with the cell growth. An appropriate concentration of oligosaccharms from Panax ginseng, precursor fames.l, mannffol and lysozymum which were added into tbe culture broth 10 days before harvesting, all induced saponin biosynthesis significantly. Oligosaecharins at a concentration of 15ppm(it increased 1 fold of saponin yield, and increased 22.7%(of cell growth rate compared with those of the control) and farnesol at 200ppm(it increased 70.5% of sap.nih yield and stimulated cell growth compared with those of the control) were more effective.     

Studies on Fermentation Culture of Cells of Panax notoginseng

The saponin content of Panax notoginseng cell cultures-was 11.14% of dry weight, the saponin yield was 1513.3mg· L-1, and yield of cell cultures was 13.58g dry wt · L-1 per month in fermentation culture, which were all better than those obtained from in suspension culture. Increasing inoculum quantity could obviously increase growth rate, saponin content and yield of cell cultures. An aeration rate of 0.8vvm was optimal for fermentation culture of the cells. The pH value of the culture broth went down from 5.80 to 3.92 gradually and never returned in fermentation culture of P. notoginseng cells.     

复合酶解法提取三七皂苷的实验研究

以三七提取液中总皂苷的含量和提取物得率为指标,考察了乙醇回流法、渗漉法、纤维素酶解法、果胶酶解法、复合酶解法的优劣,并采用单因素法和四因素（纤维素酶用量、果胶酶用量、酶解温度、乙醇浓度）三水平正交设计法对复合酶解法提取工艺条件进行优选,得到如下较理想的提取工艺条件：纤维素酶用量为15U／g（生药）、果胶酶用量为140U／g（生药）,酶解pH值为4．5,酶解温度为50℃,乙醇浓度为80％,提取时间为2．5h。所得三七提取液中总皂苷的含量为12．01％,提取物得率为35．82％。     

土生曲霉转化三七中药材的研究

从土壤真菌中筛选出直接转化中药材三七化学成分的菌株YM31966,经鉴定该菌株为土生曲霉(Aspergillus terreus).以固态转化方式,结合化学提取分离方法,通过高效液相色谱、核磁共振及质谱等波谱检测,该菌株转化三七产物由三七皂苷nR2 、RX1和人参皂苷Rg1、Rd、Rh1、Rh4构成主体成分,而原三七成分Rb1、Rc、Re和R1、R3,R6等物质被分解.结果表明,土生曲霉是一株能转化中药材三七的微生物,它具有改变原三七化学成分,形成新化合物,以及提高某些原化合物成分含量的作用.     

Effects of oligosaccharins on callus growth and saponin content of Panax notoginseng

This work provides some evidences for the saponinproduction of Panax notoginseng callus by using biologi-cally active,wall-related oligosaccharins.In anappropriate concentration,three kinds of oligosaccharinsstimulated saponin formation or callus growth.Theconcentration of DO,GO and CO for saponin productionof Panax notoginseng callus culture were 15ppm,15ppmaud 20ppm respectively by comparing saponin yield.Itwas very obvious for DO to increase saponin contentwhen the concentration was 10ppm,and for GO tostimulate callus growth when the concentration was20ppm.It would be a good way to produce saponin byusing oligosaccharins in large scale culture in thefuture.     

三七(Panax notoginseng)根残体化感自毒效应研究

为研究三七(Panax notoginseng(Burk)F.H.Chen)采收过程中残留须根的化感自毒效应,采用土培和水培2种方法,按不同比例添加三七须根粉碎物,检测根残体作用下土培三七土壤中皂苷的动态变化及水培三七根部形态结构变化。结果显示,土培条件下,随着须根粉碎物处理时间的延长,土壤中皂苷成分种类增加、总皂苷含量减少。水培条件下,随着处理时间的延长,添加须根粉碎物处理后的三七根尖细胞壁增厚,细胞中出现菌丝体;随着处理时间及处理浓度的增加,细胞开始皱缩甚至破碎,细胞中无完整细胞器结构,三七根部细胞结构差异明显。研究表明三七采收过程中残留在土壤中的须根腐解释放的化学物质可能是导致三七自毒效应的因素之一。