骨伤科病人功能锻炼的护理及指导

目的: 探析护理干预及康复指导在骨伤科患者功能锻炼中的作用及效果。方法: 选取2011年4月~2012年4月期间本院骨伤科门诊对骨科术后进行功能锻炼的94例患者资料进行回顾性分析。将94例患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各47例。两组患者均进行有效的康复功能锻炼,观察组在此基础上加强护理干预与指导。观察两组患者肢体肿胀的消退时间、肢体功能恢复情况及有无后遗症及并发症。结果: 观察组患者肿胀消退时间、肢体功能恢复情况均优于照组,未发生明显后遗症。两组相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论: 对骨伤科进行功能锻炼患者加强护理干预与指导,可缩短肿胀消退时间,有效促进肢体功能恢复,且后遗症发生率降低,值得临床推广。     

脑梗死患者的康复护理及训练

近年来 ,脑梗死患者逐年增加 ,而且年龄趋向年轻化 ,成为严重危害人类身心健康的一种常见病、多发病 ,而且致残率高 ,病程长。因此 ,除治疗及时 ,措施得当外 ,患者病情稳定后的康复护理尤为重要 ,能使脑梗死病人早日康复。1　临床资料　　本组 43例 ,男 2 9例 ,女 1 4例 ;平均年龄 6 1岁 ,病程 1个月至 4年 ,均经头颅 CT证实为脑梗死患者。2　康复护理2 .1　生活护理　脑梗死患者多是处于瘫痪或半瘫痪状态 ,恢复期长 ,卧床时间长 ,因此 ,加强生活护理 ,可以有效地预防肺炎、褥疮等并发症。 (1 )定期翻身 ,每隔 1～ 2 h1次 ,翻身时避免拖拉…     

早期康复锻炼对脑外伤患者肢体功能障碍的影响

目的：探讨早期康复锻炼对重型脑外伤患者肢体功能障碍的影响。方法：将62例脑外伤肢体功能障碍患者,随机分为康复护理组（31例）和对照组（31例）。对照组给予神经外科常规治疗和护理;在此基础上,康复护理组采用早期肢体康复锻炼。分别于入选治疗前和治疗后4周、12周进行测评。采用Fugl-meyer评分（FMA）评定运动功能;采用Barthel指数评定日常生活自理能力（ADL）。对比两组FMA和ADL指数。结果：两组患者的Barthel指数和Fugl-meyer评分均有一定程度的改善,康复护理组的改善幅度明显优于对照组（P〈0.01orP〈0.001）。结论：重型脑外伤患者接受早期综合康复护理能明显改善肢体运动功能,提高日常生活活动能力,提高患者的生存质量。     

脑中风恢复期患者的康复护理

脑中风是造成老年人死亡的主要原因之一 ,它不仅起病急、死亡率高 ,而且复发率也很高。因此 ,当病人度过急性期 ,进行康复疗养时 ,对其进行有效的整体护理和恢复神经功能的锻炼 ,是减轻致残、预防复发的重要途径。现将在我院治疗的 42例脑中风患者的护理情况总结介绍如下。1　临床资料　　我院从 1 998年 2月至 2 0 0 2年 8月共收治 42例脑中风恢复期患者 ,其中男 2 2例 ,女 2 0例 ,年龄 40～ 73岁 ,1 0例有不完全肢体功能障碍 ,5例伴有发音困难、语言不清等症状。2　护理方法2 .1　生活护理　注意室内外整洁 ,光线充足 ,空气流通 ,冬季注意…     

社区康复护理对心境障碍患者康复效果的影响

目的:探究社区康复护理对心境障碍患者康复效果的影响。方法:对50例同一社区于2011年2月到2013年2月痊愈出院的心境障碍患者为研究对象,进行系统社区康复护理,选取非同一社区内同时间段出院的50例心境障碍患者组成对照组,进行传统式随访护理。结果:两组复发率比较社区护理组低于传统随访组(P<0.05)。结论:社区康复护理能降低心境障碍患者疾病复发率,能提高患者的生活质量。     

髋关节置换术后患者早期康复锻炼有利于髋关节功能的恢复

为探讨早期康复锻炼对髋关节置换患者肢体功能和生活质量的影响,本研究选取2016年5月至2017年5月期间在重庆市九龙坡区人民医院行髋关节置换术的患者156例,按照随机数字表法均分为试验组和对照组,每组78例。对照组患者给予常规康复及护理,试验组患者采用心理、康复指导训练并制定个体化的康复方案进行早期康复锻炼。比较两组患者治疗前后Barthel指数及Harris积分,评价肢体功能恢复质量。结果表明,两组患者治疗后Barthel指数,试验组为80.15±17.63,对照组69.15±11.34;治疗后Harris积分,试验组90.36±8.41,对照组73.42±10.98,试验组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。试验组术后深静脉血栓发生率为2.46%,感染发生率为7.58%,髋关节脱位发生率为0%,并发症的发生率为17.43%,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。试验组患者在生理健康水平得分(89.42±4.29)、心理健康水平得分(82.37±4.93)、独立能力水平得分(71.69±6.14)以及社会支持得分(68.49±4.11)等方面的得分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。本研究初步表明,早期康复锻炼有利于髋关节置换术后患者髋关节功能的恢复,可减少并发症的发生,提高生活质量。     

术前量化训练方法对腰椎间盘突出患者术后锻炼依从性及康复效果的影响

目的：探讨术前量化训练方法对腰椎间盘突出患者术后锻炼依从性及康复效果的影响。方法：将84 例腰椎间盘突出患者随 机分为观察组及对照组各42 例,对照组围手术期间实施常规性护理,观察组围手术期间实施术前量化训练,对比分析两组患者 负性情绪、术后锻炼依从性及康复情况。结果：观察组干预后汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分 低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后锻炼依从率、满意率高于对照组（P<0.05）,而并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后疼 痛评分低于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组术后下床活动时间及平均住院时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：对腰椎间盘突出患者术前进 行适应手术训练可有效改善患者负性情绪,提高患者术后锻炼依从性,有利于患者术后康复,提高患者康复效果。     

脑卒中偏瘫患者临床康复的护理效应

目的：通过脑卒中偏瘫患者4期的康复护理训练的疗效观察,探讨康复训练护理对脑卒中偏瘫患者的功能恢复的临床效果。方法：本贵料收集2004年1月至2004年12月共75例脑卒中偏瘫患者,随机分为两组,对照组和康复组,均采用内科常规护理,康复组接受康复护理训练;而对照组不进行康复护理训练。采用Banher指数评分法予以评定。结果：康复组功能改善程度明显高于对照姐（P〈0．05）。结论：脑卒中偏瘫患者日常生活活动能力改善在很大程度上取决于早期运动功能的恢复。对脑卒中偏瘫的早期功能恢复是必要的、有益的。     

老年人工膝关节置换术围术期护理及康复锻炼

目的总结老年人工膝关节置换术围术期护理及康复锻炼效果。方法对我科收治的15例老年人工膝关节置换术患者给予术前、术后护理及合理及时的康复锻炼。结果 15例患者均能积极配合治疗,取得良好的效果,无并发症发生。结论根据老年人的心理特点制定个体化的护理措施,可提高围术期的护理质量,促进患者的康复,从而提高患者的生活质量。     

脑卒中偏瘫患者临床康复的护理效应

目的:通过脑卒中偏瘫患者4期的康复护理训练的疗效观察,探讨康复训练护理对脑卒中偏瘫患者的功能恢复的临床效果。方法:本资料收集2004年1月至2004年12月共75例脑卒中偏瘫患者,随机分为两组,对照组和康复组,均采用内科常规护理,康复组接受康复护理训练;而对照组不进行康复护理训练。采用Barther指数评分法予以评定。结果:康复组功能改善程度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:脑卒中偏瘫患者日常生活活动能力改善在很大程度上取决于早期运动功能的恢复。对脑卒中偏瘫的早期功能恢复是必要的、有益的。     

Rehabilitation of Patients with Through-knee Amputation

One hundred and one patients with through-knee amputations attending the Manchester limb-fitting centre are reviewed. Most amputations were performed for trauma or vascular disease. The interval from amputation to measurement for the first prosthesis averaged 12 weeks in cases of primary healing, and 21 weeks when healing was delayed. Artificial limbs were successfully fitted to 83%, and only 10% failed to use either a limb or a pylon. Three-quarters of those with outdoor mobility returned to work.Disarticulation through the knee has several advantages over above-knee amputation: in particular, the long end-bearing stump facilitates balance and control of the prosthesis. Disadvantages are a tendency to slow healing of the wound, lack of an internal knee mechanism in the artificial limb, and the bulky appearance of the limb. The results of rehabilitation could be improved by careful selection of patients and attention to operative detail; stump bandaging and exercises; earlier attendance at the limb-fitting centre to be measured for pylon or artificial limb; and improvements in design and production of prostheses.     

临床护理路径管理糖尿病足患者效果评价

目的:观察临床护理路径对糖尿病足患者的效果。方法:将100例糖尿病足患者随机分为两组:实验组(50例)应用临床护理路径模式,对照组采用常规护理模式,比较两组患者的住院时间、医疗费用、患者满意率、血糖、溃疡愈合时间和糖尿病足知识评分。结果:实验组患者的住院日数、医疗费用、血糖和溃疡愈合时间显著低于对照组(P<0.05),患者满意率和糖尿病足知识评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:应用临床护理路径可以有效地降低糖尿病患者的血糖、溃疡愈合时间、住院时间和医疗费用,提高患者糖尿病足知识水平和满意率。     

Assessment of Mineral Pathophysiology in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Biological Trace Element Research - Chronic non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) with a recurrence rate of over 50% in 3&nbsp;years account for more than 1,08000 non-traumatic lower extremity...     

Illness Beliefs Predict Mortality in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

BackgroundPatients’ illness beliefs have been associated with glycaemic control in diabetes and survival in other conditions.ObjectiveWe examined whether illness beliefs independently predicted survival in patients with diabetes and foot ulceration.MethodsPatients (n = 169) were recruited between 2002 and 2007. Data on illness beliefs were collected at baseline. Data on survival were extracted on 1^st November 2011. Number of days survived reflected the number of days from date of recruitment to 1^st November 2011.ResultsCox regressions examined the predictors of time to death and identified ischemia and identity beliefs (beliefs regarding symptoms associated with foot ulceration) as significant predictors of time to death.ConclusionsOur data indicate that illness beliefs have a significant independent effect on survival in patients with diabetes and foot ulceration. These findings suggest that illness beliefs could improve our understanding of mortality risk in this patient group and could also be the basis for future therapeutic interventions to improve survival.     

糖尿病足截肢患者生活质量现状调查及与疼痛评分、应对方式和焦虑抑郁的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨糖尿病足截肢患者生活质量现状及与疼痛评分、应对方式和焦虑抑郁的相关性。方法：选取2018年3月~2020年6月期间我院收治的未接受截肢手术的50例糖尿病足患者为未截肢组,选取同期行截肢手术的50例糖尿病足患者为截肢组。采用糖尿病特异性生活质量量表（DSQL）评估所有患者的生活质量,采用Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）评价所有患者焦虑抑郁状况,采用医学应对方式问卷（MCMQ）评分评价所有患者的医学应对情况,采用视觉疼痛模拟评分法（VAS）评价所有患者的疼痛状况。Pearson相关性分析DSQL评分与疼痛评分、应对方式和焦虑抑郁相关评分的相关性。比较不同临床病理特征截肢组患者生活质量评分。采用多元线性回归分析糖尿病足截肢患者生活质量的影响因素。结果：截肢组患者DSQL评分、VAS评分、SAS评分、SDS评分均高于未截肢组,而MCMQ评分低于未截肢组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,DSQL评分与VAS评分、SAS评分、SDS评分呈正相关,而与MCMQ评分呈负相关（P<0.05）。不同年龄、体质量指数、文化程度、糖尿病病程、个人月收入、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）的截肢糖尿病足患者生活质量评分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、个人月收入、HbA1c是截肢糖尿病足患者生活质量的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：糖尿病足截肢患者生活质量较差,年龄、文化程度、个人月收入及HbA1c均会影响其生活质量,且其生活质量与疼痛、应对方式和焦虑抑郁存在相关性,临床上应加强对此类患者的干预,以提高其生活质量。     

糖尿病足的三种疗法比较及护理效应

目的:研究中西医结合治疗糖尿病足的临床疗效.方法:将146例糖尿病足患者按已接受的治疗方法分为中西医结合治疗组43例和中医药组49例和西医治疗组54例.西医组患者在降血糖的基础上给予营养神经、抗凝、扩张血管、改善微循环、抗感染等治疗,中西医治疗组在此基础上加用中医辨证施治.中医药组则辨证施治内服外用中药.结果:三种疗法疗效对比临床症状改善时间(d)中西医结合治疗组与其他组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).三组治疗后空腹血糖,糖化血红蛋白水平均有改善,其中西医组比中医组明显(P＜0.05).但中西医结合治疗组与其他组比较疗效更佳,统计学有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:中西医结合组治疗糖尿病足的疗效更好.     

糖尿病足患者睡眠质量与疲劳程度的调查研究

目的:调查糖尿病足(diabetic foot,DF)患者的睡眠质量与疲劳程度,并分析其相关性。方法:选取105例糖尿病足患者,采用人口数据统计表调查患者的一般情况,匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量(PSQI)评估患者的睡眠质量,Piper疲劳量表(PFS)评估患者的疲劳程度,并通过pearson检测分析其相关性。结果:人口统计数据显示,56%的DF患者年龄在41岁以上,64.8%女性,82.9%已婚,48.6%小学学历,39%病程3年或更长的时间。PSQI的平均总得分为(8.17±3.02),PFS量表总分为(6.38±2.18),睡眠质量与疲劳度总得分之间呈显著正相关,相关系数r=0.622(P0.05)。结论:DF患者的睡眠质量较差,大多出现中度疲劳,二者之间呈正相关,应加强对DF患者的睡眠质量与疲劳的护理。     

High Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients Concomitant with Metabolic Syndrome

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Research Design and Methods

We conducted a case-controlled study, with data obtained from 2,551 Chinese participants between 18–79 years of age (representing a population of 1,660,500 in a district of Beijing). 74 cases of DR were found following data assessment by two 45° digital retinal images. Subjects without DR (NDR group) selected from the remaining 2,477 subjects were matched 1:1 to the DR group by HbA1c. MetS was defined by incorporating diagnostic criteria of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF).

Results

There were no statistical differences between the DR group and NDR group in a number of biological or laboratory tests. However, the percentage of patients with DR increased vs. patients without DR with the number of MetS components from 1 to 5 (14.3% vs. 85.7%, 38.9% vs. 61.1%, 49.1% vs. 50.9%, 61.4% vs. 38.6% and 83.3% vs. 16.7%, respectively) (Pearson χ² = 9.938, P = 0.037). The trend to develop DR with MetS was significantly higher than that without MetS (NMetS) (χ² = 5.540, P = 0.019). MetS was an independent statistical indicator of the presence of DR after adjusting for age and sex [odds ratio (95% CI): 2.701(1.248–5.849), P = 0.012], which is still the case with an additional adjustment for WC, SBP, TC, HbA1c and duration of diabetes [odds ratio (95% CI): 2.948(1.134–7.664), P = 0.027].

Conclusion

DR is one of the diabetic microvascular complications. Apart from poor glycemic control, the concomitance of other metabolic factors can also influence DR. MetS, defined as a cluster of metabolic risk factors, is a strong and independent indicator of DR, even to the same extent as glycemic control.     

Diabetic Foot Syndrome and Corneal Subbasal Nerve Plexus Changes in Congolese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background

To study the severity of diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy and grades of diabetic foot syndrome for correlations with corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SBP) changes in Congolese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Twenty-eight type 2 diabetes patients with diabetes-related foot ulceration were recruited in a diabetic care unit in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Corneal SBP was investigated by confocal laser-scanning microscopy to analyse nerve fibre density (NFD) [µm/ µm²], number of branches [n] and number of connectivity points [n]. Foot ulceration was graded using the Wagner ulcer classification. Corneal sensitivity (Cochet-Bonnet), Neuropathy Symptom Score (NSS), Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS), ankle-brachial index (ABI) and ophthalmological status were evaluated. Foot ulceration was ranked as mild (Wagner 0-1: 13 patients/46.4%), moderate (Wagner 2-3: 10 patients/35.7%) and severe (Wagner 4-5: 5 patients/17.9%). The correlation between Wagner Score and NFD (p=0.017, r = - 0,454), NDS and NFD (p=0,039, r = - 0.400) as well as Wagner Score and HbA_1c (p=0,007, r = - 0.477) was stated. Significant differences in confocal SBP parameters were observed between Wagner 0-1 and Wagner 4 5 (number of branches (p=0.012), number of connectivity points (p=0.001), nerve fibre density (p=0.033)) and ABI (p=0.030), and between Wagner 2-3 and Wagner 4-5 (number of branches (p=0.003), number of connectivity points (p=0.005) and nerve fibre density (p=0.014)). Differences in NDS (p=0.001) and corneal sensation (p=0.032) were significant between Wagner 0-1 and Wagner 2-3. Patients with diabetic retinopathy had significantly longer diabetes duration (p=0.03) and higher NDS (p=0.01), but showed no differences in SBP morphology or corneal sensation.

Conclusions/Significance

While confirming the diabetic aetiology of foot ulceration due to medial arterial calcification, this study indicates that the grade of diabetic foot syndrome correlates with corneal SBP changes and corneal sensation in patients in sub-Saharan Africa.     

社区糖尿病足危险因素与健康教育需求的调查研究

目的:调查社区中糖尿病足高危人群在糖尿病患者中的比例以及糖尿病患者对糖尿病足防治相关知识掌握的情况.方法:对哈尔滨市5个社区中262例糖尿病患者进行糖尿病足防治相关知识调查及ABI测定和分析.结果:262例患者中ABI＜0.9者77例,占29.38％.糖尿病并发下肢动脉病变组与正常组比较,前者的年龄大、病程长、空腹血糖、餐后血糖、胆固醇、收缩压、吸烟率、合并冠心病率、合并脑血管病率明显增高.多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、病程、PBG2h、HbAlc是影响ABI的独立因素.近50％的病人对糖尿病足防治相关知识掌握明显不足.结论:在社区定期开展糖尿病足筛查,及时发现糖尿病危险足,积极开展糖尿病足的宣传教育活动,提高患者的自我防护意识,减少糖尿病足的发生率.