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1.
Effects of food availability on fledging condition and post-fledging survival in king penguin chicks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Olof Olsson 《Polar Biology》1997,18(3):161-165
Effects of summer food shortage on king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus chicks were studied at South Georgia. Two cohorts were compared, fledging in the austral summers of 1992 (n = 32) and 1994 (n = 33) when availability of food was judged good and poor, respectively. The former cohort had a higher pre-fledging mean
mass (12.78 kg vs ≤ 10.03 kg), fledged earlier (median 5 January vs 21 January), and a higher proportion was re-sighted within
2 years of fledging (28% vs 0%). Within 4 years, 47% of the former cohort had been re-sighted (i.e. post-fledge survival);
in addition, one was observed at the Falkland Islands, and 22% had bred (i.e. recruitment) in their colony of origin. The
re-sighted chicks of the 1992 cohort fledged earlier than those not re-sighted (median 24 December vs 10 January), but it
remain unclear if they were heavier at fledging. All chicks in this study (n = 65) were marked with both transponders (subcutaneously implanted) and flipper bands (on one flipper), and no losses of
any markings were found (controlled up to 4 years afterwards). Therefore, data on chick post-fledging survival and recruitment
were not adjusted for losses of markings, as has been done in other studies.
Received: 21 October 1996 / Accepted: 2 February 1997 相似文献
2.
Using the voltage/current clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration, we studied the role of the highly tetraethylammonium
(TEA) -sensitive component of integral potassium current in the generation of high-frequency tonic impulsation by rat retinal
ganglion cells (RGCs). Application of 0.5 mM TEA led to a decrease in the frequency of evoked tonic impulsation by RGCs by
63% (from 55 ± 10 sec–1 in the control to 26 ± 5 sec–1 in the presence of the blocker; n = 11). In this case, the duration of single action potentials at the level of 50% their amplitude increased by 64% (from
1.1 ± 0.1 to 1.8 ± 0.1 msec; n = 11), the rate of repolarization decreased by 54% (from −101 ± 9 to −46 ± 5 mV/msec; n = 11), and the amplitude of afterhyperpolarization dropped by 62% (from −16 ± 2 to −6 ± 2 mV; n = 11). Upon the action of 0.5 mM TEA, the amplitude of the integral potassium current in RGCs decreased; the current component
sensitive to the above blocker was equal to 0.41 ± 0.05 nA (n = 6), while the respective value in the control was 1.62 ± 0.14 nA (n = 12). Thus, a moderate (on average, by 25%) decrease in the amplitude of the above potassium current significantly influenced
the characteristics of impulse activity generated by RGCs. The TEA-sensitive component of the current was similar to the Kv3.1/Kv3.2
potassium current described earlier. The obtained data are indicative of the key role of the highly TEA-sensitive component
of the potassium current (passed probably via Kv3.1/Kv3 channels) in high-frequency tonic activity generated by RGCs. 相似文献
3.
Arrilton Araújo Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de Sousa 《International journal of primatology》2008,29(5):1355-1364
The social relationship dynamic among callitrichid females is well known. Breeding exclusivity by dominant females involves
female-female competition, usually resulting in the inhibition of subordinate reproduction. However, the strategies to maintain
the male breeding position are still unclear. Researchers have observed no overt aggression between males, and differences
in testosterone levels between dominant and subordinate individuals do not correlate with differences in reproductive success.
In Callithrix monogamy is the predominant mating system, and testicular size is compatible with the absence of sperm competition. We analyzed
testicular volume during development in 95 individuals at different ages (infant n = 12, juvenile n = 9, subadult n = 15, and adult n = 59). We also investigated if the ratio between testicular volume and body mass correlates with breeding position in the
social group. The ratio was significantly higher in breeding males and a positive correlation between body mass and testicular
volume is significant only for nonbreeding males. The findings suggest that testicular size varies with male reproductive
status in the social group and that the enlargement of testicular volume in breeding common marmoset males seems to be a result
of proximate causes and to depend on social and reproductive contexts acting together or separately. 相似文献
4.
Using the cell pressure probe, the effects of temperature on hydraulic conductivity (Lp; osmotic water permeability), solute
permeability (permeability coefficient, Ps), and reflection coefficients (σs) were measured on internodes of Chara corallina, Klein ex Willd., em R.D.W.. For the first time, complete sets of transport coefficients were obtained in the range between
10 and 35 °C which provided evidence about pathways of water and solutes as they move across the plasma membrane (water channel
and bilayer arrays). Test solutes used to check for the selectivity of water channels were monohydric alcohols of different
molecular size and shape (ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, and tert-butanol) and heavy water (HDO). Within the limits of accuracy, Q10 values for Lp and for the diffusive water permeability (Pd) were identical (Q10 for Lp = 1.29 ± 0.17 (± SD; n = 15 cells) and Q10 for Pd = 1.25 ± 0.16 (n = 5 cells)). The Q10 values were equivalent to activation energies of Ea = 16.8 ± 6.4 and 16.6 ± 10.0 kJ · mol−1, respectively, which is similar to that of self-diffusion or of viscous flow of water. The Q10 values and activation energies for Ps of the alcohols were significantly larger (ethanol: Q10 = 1.68 ± 0.16, Ea = 37.1 ± 5.9 kJ · mol−1; n-propanol: Q10 = 1.75 ± 0.40, Ea = 43.1 ± 15.3 kJ · mol−1; iso-propanol: Q10 = 2.12 ± 0.42, Ea = 52.2 ± 14.6 kJ · mol−1; tert-butanol: Q10 = 2.13 ± 0.56, Ea = 51.6 ± 17.1 kJ · mol−1; ±SD; n = 5 to 6 cells). Effects of temperature on reflection coefficients were most pronounced. With increasing temperature, σs values of the alcohols decreased and those of HDO increased. The data indicate that water and solutes use different pathways
when crossing the membrane. Ordinary and isotopic water use water channels and the other test solutes use the bilayer array
(composite transport model of membrane). Changes in σs values with temperature were found to be a sensitive measure for the open/closed state of water channels. The decrease of
σs with temperature was theoretically predicted from the temperature dependence of Ps and Lp. Differences between predicted and measured values of σs allowed estimation of the bypass flow (slippage) of solutes through water channels which did not completely exclude test
solutes. The permeability of channels depended on the structure and size of test solutes. It is concluded that water channels
are much less selective than is usually thought. Since water channels represent single-file or no-pass pores, solutes drag
along considerable amounts of water as they diffuse across channels. This results in low overall values of σs. The σs of HDO was extremely low. Its response to temperature was opposite to that for the σs of the alcohols. This suggested a stronger effect of temperature on the hydraulic (osmotic) than on the diffusive water flow
across individual water channels, i.e. a differential sensitivity of different mechanisms to temperature.
Received: 10 October 1996 / Accepted: 2 December 1996 相似文献
5.
Marzec-Wróblewska U Kamiński P Lakota P Szymański M Wasilow K Ludwikowski G Kuligowska-Prusińska M Odrowąż-Sypniewska G Stuczyński T Michałkiewicz J 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(1):167-177
The aim of the present study was to measure zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentration in human semen and superoxide dismutase
(SOD) activity in seminal plasma and correlate the results with sperm quality. Semen samples were obtained from men (N = 168) undergoing routine infertility evaluation. The study design included two groups based on the ejaculate parameters.
Group I (n = 39) consisted of males with normal ejaculate (normozoospermia), and group II (n = 129) consisted of males with pathological spermiogram. Seminal Zn and Fe were measured in 162 samples (group I, n = 38; group II, n = 124) and SOD activity in 149 samples (group I, n = 37; group II, n = 112). Correlations were found between SOD activity and Fe and Zn concentration, and between Fe and Zn concentration. SOD
activity was negatively associated with volume of semen and positively associated with rapid progressive motility, nonprogressive
motility, and concentration. Negative correlation was stated between Fe concentration and normal morphology. Mean SOD activity
in seminal plasma of semen from men of group I was higher than in seminal plasma of semen from men of group II. Fe concentration
was higher in teratozoospermic males than in males with normal morphology of spermatozoa in group II. Our results suggest
that Fe may influence spermatozoa morphology. 相似文献
6.
Naoya Kitao Daisuke Fukui Masaaki Hashimoto Peter G. Osborne 《International journal of biometeorology》2009,53(2):159-165
The raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides, is a canid with a passive overwintering strategy in northern Europe. However, the behaviour and physiology of the Japanese
subspecies, N. p. albus, which has fewer chromosomes than the other subspecies, remain unknown. We measured body temperature, body composition and
blood biochemistry of wild free-ranging and fasted enclosure-housed N. p. albus during boreal winter in Hokkaido, Japan. Body temperature of N. p. albus decreased from 38°C in autumn to 35.9–36.7°C while maintaining a circadian rhythm in late February (n = 3). A transient 18–36% decrease in resting heart rate occurred when body temperature was low (n = 2). Despite a 33–45% decrease in body weight due to winter fasting, circulating glucose, total protein and triglyceride
levels were maintained (n = 4). Serum urea nitrogen dropped by 43–45% from autumn to spring, suggesting protein conservation during fasting. The overwintering
survival strategy of N. p. albus in central Hokkaido is based upon large changes in seasonal activity patterns, winter denning and communal housing without
the large decrease in body temperature that is characteristic of subarctic animals exhibiting hibernation or torpor.
Naoya Kitao, Daisuke Fukui and Peter G. Osborne contributed equally to this work 相似文献
7.
Space use and territoriality influence population structure and dynamics and is therefore an important aspect in understanding
the ecology of animals. We investigated spatial and temporal space use of wolverines (Gulo gulo) in northern Scandinavia. We estimated home ranges of 24 radio-marked individuals (17 females and seven males). Male home
ranges (mean 669 km2; SE = 211) were significantly larger than female home ranges (mean 170 km2; Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney; P = 0.001) and encompassed or included parts of up to five different females. Home range sizes of reproducing (170 km2; SE = 51) and barren (171 km2; SE = 63) adult females did not differ. Wolverines in Scandinavia exhibit intrasexual territoriality, with male home ranges
totally exclusive and female home ranges either exclusive or with little home range overlap. Overlap between wolverine territories
is most likely explained by intrasexual tolerance and kinship. 相似文献
8.
GABAergic disinhibition changes the recovery cycle of bat inferior collicular neurons 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Y. Lu P. H.-S. Jen Q.-Y. Zheng 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1997,181(4):331-341
This study examines the contribution of GABAergic inhibition to the discharge pattern and recovery properties of 110 bat
inferior collicular neurons by means of bicuculline application to their recording sites. When stimulated with single pulses,
74 (67%) neurons discharged one or two impulses (phasic responders), 19 (17%) discharged three to ten impulses (phasic bursters)
and 17 (16%) discharged impulses throughout the entire stimulus duration (tonic responders). Bicuculline application changed
phasic responders into phasic bursters or tonic responders, increased the number of impulses by 10–2000% and shortened the
response latency of most neurons. When stimulated with pairs of sound pulses, the recovery cycles of these neurons can be
described as: (1) long inhibition (n = 49, 45%); (2) short inhibition (n = 41, 37%); and (3) fast recovery (n = 20, 18%) based upon the 50% recovery time that was either longer than 20 ms, between 10 and 20 ms or shorter than 10 ms.
Bicuculline application shortened the 50% recovery time of most neurons by 11–2350% allowing them to respond to pairs of sound
pulses at very short interpulse intervals. These data demonstrate that GABAergic inhibition contributes significantly to auditory
temporal processing.
Accepted: 18 April 1997 相似文献
9.
Data on the concentration of the elements in the human body are important, for example, to estimate the amounts required to
maintain a good healthy state or find their connections with morbidity and mortality. In this paper, the concentration of
copper (by flame atomic absorption spectrometry) in material obtained from autopsy cases of nonpoisoned people (n = 130), aged from 14 to 80 years, between 1990–2006, is presented. The following values were found (mean ± SD in micrograms
of copper per gram or per milliliter): brain 3.32 ± 1.50 (n = 43), liver 3.47 ± 1.51 (n = 79), kidney 2.15 ± 0.90 (n = 76), stomach 1.10 ± 0.76 (n = 65), intestines 1.54 ± 1.19 (n = 25), lung 1.91 ± 1.30 (n = 27), spleen 1.23 ± 0.28 (n = 3), heart 3.26 ± 0.59 (n = 5), bile 3.60 ± 1.67 (n = 13), and blood 0.85 ± 0.19 (n = 73). 相似文献
10.
Christof Janko Stefan Linke Thomas Romig Dorothea Thoma Wolfgang Schröder Andreas König 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2011,57(5):1033-1042
This study investigated the epidemiological and ecological factors to assess the infection pressure of alveolar echinococcosis
to human which are living in villages and small towns. Foxes and fox faeces were examined for Echinococcus multilocularis and foxes were observed by radio telemetry in Upper Bavaria, Germany. Forty-three percent of the village foxes (n = 65) had been infected with E. multilocularis. This prevalence rate did not differ significantly from the prevalence among rural foxes, which was 39% (n = 33; χ
2 = 0.12, df = 1, p = 0.727) determined by the intestinal scraping technique. PCR analyses of fox faeces showed a higher infection rate of 35%
(n = 26) among rural foxes than among foxes in villages and small towns (26%, n = 69; χ
2 = 0.68, df = 1, p = 0.411). One quarter of the fox faecal samples come from private gardens of residents. The radio-tracking study on 17 foxes
showed that foxes preferred the built-up area and grassland outside the villages. Village foxes concentrated their activity
within a range of 500 m around the settlement. Sixty-four percent of all bearings for radio-tracked foxes showed positions
in areas outside the town, and 36% of bearings were within the settlement. Village foxes, which are infected with E. multilocularis, are able to carry the parasite continuously into settlements and fox faeces present an immediate source of infection to
humans, especially within their gardens. Therefore, foxes are responsible for environmental E. multilocularis egg contamination in the vicinity of humans, leading to an infection risk to inhabitants of villages and small towns. 相似文献
11.
An experiment was designed to test whether age‐0 shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) exhibited predator avoidance behaviour in response to a channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) predator. It was hypothesized that shovelnose sturgeon would not exhibit any innate predator avoidance behaviour because previous reports have shown a congener of the shovelnose sturgeon, the pallid sturgeon (S. albus), to be an unfavourable prey item for channel catfish. The results, however, indicated that shovelnose sturgeon generally avoided space occupied by the catfish predator and spent a greater proportion of time in the predator avoidance zone within the experimental tank. Bitten fish, in particular, spent a greater period of time in the predator avoidance zone. Of all sturgeon used in this experiment (N = 30), 73% swam within the fork length (350 mm) of the catfish predator. The results seem to indicate that shovelnose sturgeon were initially oblivious to the risk of predation by the catfish predator, but after interaction (e.g. being chased or bitten) appeared to display predator avoidance behaviour. Predator avoidance behaviour in shovelnose sturgeon may thus be suggested as a learned rather than an innate behaviour. 相似文献
12.
The local meta-GGA exchange correlation density functional (TPSS) with a relativistic effective core potential was employed
to systematically investigate the geometric structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of bimetallic Ca2Au
n
(n = 1–9) and pure gold Au
n
(n ≤ 11) clusters. The optimized geometries show that the most stable isomers for Ca2Au
n
clusters have 3D structure when n > 2, and that one Au atom capping the Ca2Au
n−1 structure for different-sized Ca2Au
n
(n = 1–9) clusters is the dominant growth pattern. The average atomic binding energies and second-order difference in energies
show that the Ca2Au4 isomer is the most stable among the Ca2Au
n
clusters. The same pronounced even–odd alternations are found in the HOMO–LUMO gaps, VIPs, and hardnesses. The polarizabilities
of the Ca2Au
n
clusters show an obvious local minimum at n = 4. Moreover, the inverse corrections to the polarizabilities versus the ionization potential and hardness were found for
the gold clusters. 相似文献
13.
A. Carvalho H. Guedes-Pinto J. S. Heslop-Harrison J. Lima-Brito 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2008,26(1):46-52
The DNA hypomethylation effect of 5-azacytine (5-AC; a cytosine analog) is widely known. This agent has been used for rRNA
gene expression studies of Triticeae amphiploids and hybrids regarding rye rRNA genes suppression caused by the wheat nucleolar dominance phenomenon. However,
this situation is reverted by 5-AC treatment which activates rye rRNA gene expression as it has been intensively observed
in triticale. For nucleolar dominance studies, we produced F1 multigeneric hybrids (AABBRHch; 2n = 6x = 42) from crosses between the triticale cultivar ‘Corgo’ (AABBRR; 2n = 6x = 42) and the tritordeum cultivars HT9 and HT31 (AABBHchHch; 2n = 6x = 42). The hybrid seeds were germinated in a low concentration of 5-AC (treatment) and in distilled water (nontreated control
plants). Silver nitrate staining performed in one 5-AC-treated F1 hybrid revealed a reduced number of interphase cells with
seven nucleoli, metaphases with eight Ag-NORs, and neocentromeres in the long arm of three wheat chromosomes. Nontreated hybrids
presented six Ag-NORs per mitotic metaphase cell and a maximum of six nucleoli per interphase because of the 1R Ag-NOR suppression.
No neocentromere was found in the control F1 hybrid plants. Both treated and nontreated seedlings were subsequently evaluated
by fluorescent in situ hybridization performed with genomic and repetitive DNA probes to identify Hch and rye genomes, to confirm Ag-NORs location, and to detect inactive rDNA loci. DAPI counterstaining was also helpful for
the detection of neocentromeres in the long arm of three wheat chromosomes. This study allowed us to suggest that 5-AC treatment
specifically induced wheat neocentromeres in the F1 multigeneric triticale × tritordeum hybrids. 相似文献
14.
Since fishery management regulations have shifted much of the groundfish trawl effort in the northeastern Pacific from the
continental shelf to the slope, fishery impacts on unassessed demersal slope rockfish species like the aurora rockfish (Sebastes aurora) may have increased. Understanding the life history of these species is a critical first step in developing management strategies
to protect them from overharvest. In this study we employ cross-dating methods to validate the annual periodicity of growth
increments and investigate the age, growth and maturity of aurora rockfish, a species for which life history information is
quite limited. Specimens were collected on an opportunistic basis from Oregon commercial landings and from research cruises,
over the years 2003–2006. Age was estimated for 438 individuals using otoliths processed via the break-and-burn method. The
maximum estimated age was 118 years for females (n = 324) and 81 years for males (n = 114). The von Bertalanffy growth function showed that males grow faster and reach a smaller maximum size than females (males:
L
inf = 34, K = 0.09, t
0 = −1.9; females: L
inf = 37, K = 0.06, t
0 = −5.5), though both sexes demonstrate relatively slow growth. Visual assessment of ovaries showed that the aurora rockfish
is a synchronous spawner with parturition occurring in May and June off Oregon. Female age and length at 50% maturity were
calculated at 12.6 years and 26 cm, respectively (n = 307). Maturity and age data provided evidence for a protracted adolescence in this species. 相似文献
15.
《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2013,7(4):633-639
During growth (27 to 75 days of age), a total of 384 rabbits were kept in 72 individual cages, 48 bicellular cages (2 rabbits/cage) and 24 collective cages (9 rabbits/cage). To evaluate the effects of the housing system on the fear level and behavioural patterns of rabbits at the two ages (39 to 45 days and 66 to 73 days), a tonic immobility test and an open-field test were conducted and their behaviour was video recorded. In the tonic immobility test, the number of attempts to induce immobility (1.38) was lower, and the duration of immobility (47.8 s) was higher (0.05 < P < 0.01) in the rabbits housed in individual cages than in those kept in bicellular (1.72 attempts and 25.0 s of immobility) and collective cages (1.99 attempts and 25.0 s of immobility). During the open-field test, the rabbits from individual and bicellular cages showed higher latency (38.8 and 40.3 v. 27.0 s), a lower number of total (73.3 and 81.7 v. 91.9) and central displacements (3.6 and 2.8 v. 5.4) and a shorter running time (11.8 and 13.6 s v. 17.7 s) and the time biting the pen (5.5 and 9.1 s v. 28.2 s) compared with the rabbits kept in collective cages (0.05 < P < 0.001). During the 24-h video recording, the rabbits in individual and bicellular cages spent less time allogrooming (0.34% and 0.19% v. 1.44%), moving (0.74% and 0.60% v. 1.32%) and running (0.08% and 0.03% v. 0.21%) than the rabbits in the collective cages (0.01 < P < 0.001). The lowest numbers of alerts and hops were observed in the rabbits kept in bicellular cages. With increasing age, a lower number of rabbits were sensitive to the immobility test and more rabbits entered the pen spontaneously during the open-field test (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the rabbits in individual cages exhibited the highest fear level and incomplete behavioural patterns; the rabbits housed in collective cages showed the lowest fear levels and had the possibility of expressing a wider range of behaviour; and the rabbits in bicellular cages exhibited an inconsistent pattern of fear in the tonic immobility and open-field tests. Probably, these rabbits were in a less stressful condition compared with animals in individual cages because social contacts were allowed, even if freedom of movement was more limited. 相似文献
16.
L. A. Finnegan P. J. Wilson G. N. Price S. J. Lowe B. R. Patterson M.-J. Fortin D. L. Murray 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2012,58(2):415-423
Landscape features can influence animal movements and gene flow, so rigorous analysis of population structure should include
both levels of analysis. We conducted individual-based landscape genetic analysis, using data from eight microsatellite loci,
on adult female moose (Alces alces; n = 92) from two areas in southern Ontario, and also monitored movements of a subsample of animals (n = 38) to gauge complementarity of the data sources (genetic and telemetry data) in understanding patterns of population structure.
Genetic data indicated that female moose constituted a single panmictic population encompassing both areas, with no evidence
of isolation by Euclidean (Mantel test p > 0.38) or least-cost (Mantel test p > 0.19) distances, even when such distances were calculated from costs extracted from resource selection functions of the
radio-collared individuals. In contrast, throughout the 2.5-year study radio-telemetry data failed to reveal large-scale movement
of female moose. In fact, although moose tended to occupy home ranges in a wide range of sizes, their locations were largely
fixed at a larger spatial scale encompassing both study areas. This finding implies that radio-telemetry data alone would
not have revealed the extent of connectivity between moose populations, whereas least-cost genetic measures in the absence
of telemetry data would not have shown the localised movements of adult females. Our contrasting results highlight the importance
of multiple sources of information when assessing population connectivity of large mammals. 相似文献
17.
Xiaodong Li Myong Jong Yi Yowhan Son Pil Sun Park Kyeong Hak Lee Yeong Mo Son Rae Hyun Kim Mi Jeong Jeong 《Journal of Plant Biology》2010,53(6):381-386
Biomass expansion factors, which convert the timber volume (or dry weight) to biomass, are used to estimate the forest biomass
and account for the carbon budget at the national or regional level. This study estimated the biomass conversion and expansion
factors (BCEF), root to shoot ratio (R), biomass expansion factors (BEF) of natural Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) forests based on direct field measurements and publications in Korea. This study attempted to fit the non-linear
relationships between the biomass expansion factors (BCEF and BEF) and main stand factors [stand age, tree height, and diameter
at breast height (DBH)]. The relationship between BEF and each main stand factor was expressed as a simple logarithmical equation.
The BCEF was also expressed as a logarithmical equation of the tree height, DBH, and stand volume, whereas there was no significant
relationship between BCEF and stand age. The mean value for BCEF, BEF, and R was 0.5821 Mg m−3 (n = 22, SD = 0.1196), 1.4465 (n = 22, SD = 0.2905), and 0.2220 (n = 17, SD = 0.0687), respectively. The values of the biomass expansion factors in this study may indicate much representativeness
to estimate forest biomass in natural Japanese Red Pine forests of Korea than the default values given by the IPCC (2003, 2006). 相似文献
18.
Gregorio Mentaberre Jorge Ramón López-Olvera Encarnación Casas-Díaz Laura Fernández-Sirera Ignasi Marco Santiago Lavín 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2010,56(5):757-764
The physical capture of wild ungulates is performed for different purposes when anesthesia in field conditions is not possible
or advisable. The use of tranquilizers may contribute to improved welfare of captured animals. This study aimed to evaluate
the effect of azaperone and haloperidol on the stress response of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) through the evaluation of physiological, hematological, and serum biochemical parameters. Thirty-five Iberian ibexes were
drive-net captured and randomly injected with azaperone (0.52 ± 0.07 mg/kg intramuscularly (IM); n = 10), haloperidol (0.17 ± 0.04 mg/kg IM; n = 10), or saline (0.5 mL IM; n = 15) and physically restrained for 3 h. The variability of heart rate was lower in the azaperone-treated ibexes, suggesting
a calming effect, and erythrocyte and biochemical parameters indicated vasodilation, splenic sequestration, hemodilution,
improvement of renal perfusion, and a protective effect on muscle as a result of smooth muscle relaxation induced by azaperone.
Haloperidol showed poorer results, maybe due to insufficient dosage. These results support the suitability of using azaperone
in capture operations of Iberian ibex in order to reduce stress and prevent its adverse effects. 相似文献
19.
The present study was performed to investigate the effects of strenuous exercise and calcium supplementation on cortisol and
adrenocorticotropic hormone levels in athletes at rest and exhaustion. Thirty male athletes, ages 17–21 years, were enrolled
in the 4-week study. They were divided into three groups as follows: group 1 (n = 10): training without supplementation; group 2 (n = 10): training and calcium supplemented, and group 3 (n = 10): calcium supplemented without training. Venous blood samples were obtained for determination of the hormones. One-month
supplementation with calcium does not influence the cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone in athletes, but strenuous exercise
results in a significant increase in their levels with or without supplementation (p < 0.05). 相似文献
20.
Data on zinc concentration in the human body may be used to interpret the results obtained in cases of chronic and acute poisonings
with zinc compounds, i.e., in clinical and forensic toxicology. In this paper, the concentrations of zinc in human tissues
and body fluids obtained from autopsy cases concerning non-poisoned people (n = 203), aged from 14 to 80 years, between 1995 and 2008, are presented. The following values were found by the flame atomic
absorption method (mean ± SD, median, range, in microgram per gram or microgram per milliliter): brain 10.3 ± 1.36, 10.2,
7.99–13.8 (n = 48); stomach 14.2 ± 3.63, 13.6, 8.00–22.5 (n = 71); intestines 15.7 ± 5.22, 15.8, 8.36–28.1 (n = 35); liver 39.6 ± 16.1, 36.6, 16.0–78.8 (n = 109); kidney 33.8 ± 10.1, 31.8, 16.4–60.9 (n = 93); lung 12.0 ± 3.88, 11.0, 6.13–18.7 (n = 26); spleen 14.7 ± 2.53, 14.6, 11.4–18.3 (n = 5); heart 26.5 ± 3.63, 26.7, 22.5–31.8 (n = 5); blood 6.81 ± 1.21, 7.00, 4.02–8.68 (n = 50); urine 0.69 ± 1.70, 0.60, 0.39–1.00 (n = 5), and bile 4.92 ± 1.64, 3.75, 3.20–7.09 (n = 9). The accuracy of the method was checked through the use of SRM Bovine Liver 1577b (certified: 127 ± 16 μg Zn/g, found:
117 ± 0.7 μg Zn/g (n = 6)). 相似文献