Isolation of endophytic actinomycetes from selected plants and their antifungal activity

The isolation of endophytic actinomycetes from surface-sterilized tissues of 36 plant species was made using humic acid–vitamin (HV) agar as a selection medium. Of the 330 isolates recovered, 212 were from roots, 97 from leaves and 21 isolates from stems with a prevalence of 3.9, 1.7 and 0.3%, respectively. Identification of endophytic actinomycetes was based on their morphology and the amino acid composition of the whole-cell extract. Most isolates were classified as Streptomyces sp. (n = 277); with the remainder belonging to Microbispora sp. (n = 14), Nocardia sp. (n = 8) and Micromonospora sp. (n = 4). Four isolates were unclassified and 23 were lost during subculture. The most prevalent group of isolates were the Streptomyces sp. occurring in 6.4% of the tissue samples of Zingiber officinale. Scanning electron microscopy investigation of this plant revealed that 7.5% of the root and 5% of the leaf samples contained endophytes. Three of the Streptomyces sp. isolates strongly inhibited Colletotrichum musae, five were very active against Fusarium oxysporum and two strongly inhibited growth of both test fungi.     

Biological control of crown rot of bananas with Pichia anomala strain K and Candida oleophila strain O

The antagonistic activity of two yeast strains (Pichia anomala (E.C. Hansen) Kurtzman, strain K and Candida oleophila Montrocher, strain O) against the parasitic complex responsible for banana crown rot was evaluated. The strains were applied at three different concentrations (10⁶, 10⁷, 10⁸ cfu/ml) and their efficacy tested in vivo on three separate fungi (Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & Curt.) Arx, Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, and Cephalosporium sp.) and on a parasitic complex formed by association of these three fungi. At the concentrations used C. musae appeared to be the most pathogenic. The complex showed intermediate aggressiveness between C. musae and both other fungi.Statistically significant antagonistic effects were observed on C. musae, F. moniliforme, and the fungal complex. The highest protection level (54.4%) was observed with strain O added at 10⁸ cfu/ml on crowns previously inoculated with the fungal complex. The level was lower when the fungi were inoculated separately.Furthermore, the antagonistic effect was strongly reinforced when strain O at 10⁸ cfu/ml was applied 24 h before fungal complex inoculation (59.9%), as compared to its application 15 min (24.3%) or 3 h (27.3%) after fungal complex inoculation. Bananas showed increased susceptibility to the fungal complex from March to June, and this influenced the level of protection by yeast, which decreased over the same period. A strict negative correlation (R² = 0.83) was highlighted between susceptibility of banana to crown rot and protection provided by yeast.     

两种栽培型广藿香内生真菌群落组成变化

为探索内生真菌与广藿香互作间对宿主活性成分形成机制的影响,该研究以成分差异较大的牌香和湛香为对象,采用传统形态学方法对所获菌株归类,通过真菌通用引物ITS1/ITS4扩增菌株rDNA-ITS序列,鉴定其分类地位并研究其多样性。结果表明：(1)用PDA和LBA培养基对苗期、分枝期和成株期广藿香茎叶组织块进行内生真菌分离,共获得3 070株菌株,其中牌香(PX)分离出1 624株,鉴定出1 319株,分属于36属;湛香(ZX)分离出1 446株,鉴定出994株,分属于33属。牌香分离出7种特有内生真菌,分别为香柱菌(Epichloe typhina)、盘长孢状刺盘孢菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、座腔孢菌(Botryosphaeria sp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctonia sp.)及截盘多毛孢菌(Truncatella sp.),并首次分离到疫霉菌(Phytophthora sp.)和指疫霉菌(Sclerophthora sp.),这2种菌属于卵菌门内生菌。湛香分离出拟青霉菌(Paecilomyces sp.)和尾孢菌(Cercospora sp.)...     

Incidence and control of Colletotrichum musae on bananas in the Windward Islands

Colletotrichum musae was isolated from banana hands I wk after bunch emergence and in subsequent weeks both from fingers and from crown tissue. Other fungi including Fusarium semitectum and Nigrospora sphaerica were also isolated. Four pre-harvest sprays of benomyl, each at 1000μg/ml, controlled these fungi on unripe fruit, but unsprayed bunches covered with polyethylene showed rather increased infection rates. Latent infections of C. musae giving lesions on ripe fruit were also largely controlled by the above sprays, but crown rot appearing at this stage was not reduced. One post-harvest benomyl dip at 250 μg/ml however effectively controlled crown, wound and latent infections. For this reason and also because of the demonstrated risk of benomyl-resistant isolates of C. musae resulting from pre-harvest treatment, it is suggested that pre-harvest spraying is unnecessary.     

柑橘内生真菌的分离鉴定及其发酵产物对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑制活性

本研究从柑橘抗病品种的健康植株不同组织中分离纯化和鉴定内生真菌,并测定其发酵产物对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑制活性,以明确柑橘抗病品种中内生真菌的组成及其产抗柑橘溃疡病菌活性代谢产物的潜力,为柑橘溃疡病抗菌剂的开发奠定基础。该研究通过组织培养法分离内生真菌,采用形态学和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定; 基于前期的拮抗预试验结果,选取代表性菌株进行发酵培养,通过乙酸乙酯浸提、真空抽滤、旋转蒸发浓缩制备粗提物; 采用带毒平板涂布法测定不同菌株发酵产物乙酸乙酯提取物对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑制活性。结果表明:(1)共分离得到72株内生真菌,归为2门(Ascomycota、Basidiomycota)、14个属,其中优势属为刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum)、球座菌属(Guignardia)、链格孢属(Alternaria)和镰刀菌属(Fusarium)。(2)不同柑橘品种中内生真菌多样性指数为温州蜜柑(桂林)>沙糖桔(桂林)>沙糖桔(梧州)。(3)不同组织中内生真菌多样性变化因地理位置差异而有所不同,采自桂林的温州蜜柑和沙糖桔均为叶片中的内生真菌的多样性高于枝条,而采自梧州的沙糖桔为叶片中的多样性低于枝条,并且采自梧州的柑橘样品与采自桂林的柑橘样品中的内生真菌相似性低。(4)测定了30株内生真菌乙酸乙酯提取物对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑制活性,其中29株菌株表现出不同程度抑制活性。不同柑橘品种中的优势属的MIC介于0.312 5～10 mg·mL^-1之间,特有属的MIC介于0.156～5 mg·mL^-1,共有属镰刀菌属的MIC介于0.312 5～2.5 mg·mL^-1之间。研究结果表明柑橘抗病品种中内生真菌具有丰富多样性,并且其发酵提取物普遍对柑橘溃疡病菌具有抑制作用。特有属抑菌活性总体优于优势属,共有属镰刀菌属在不同柑橘抗病品种中均具有显著抑菌效果。     

广西夹竹桃内生真菌的多样性和抑制几种水产病原菌活性筛选

为研究夹竹桃(Nerium oleander)内生真菌的多样性并评价其次生代谢产物的活性，该研究对广西夹竹桃(Nerium oleander)的内生真菌进行分离纯化，采用形态学和ITS序列分析结合的方法进行鉴定，以5种指示菌(其中有3种弧菌)对内生真菌提取物进行抑菌活性筛选。结果表明：(1)从广西夹竹桃中共得到19株内生真菌，这19株内生真菌都属于子囊菌门，涵盖5个目7个属，包括炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum)、球座菌属(Guignardia)、叶点霉属(Phyllosticta)、新壳梭孢属(Neofusicoccum)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、隔孢壳科新属(Nothophoma)和间座壳属(Diaporthe),优势属为炭疽菌属(分离率为36.85%)和球座菌属(分离率为21.05%),其中炭疽菌属主要分布于茎，球座菌属全部来源于叶。(2)jing-117(Neofusicoccum sp.)和ye-130(Guignardia sp.)对坎氏弧菌有较为特异的抑菌效果，ye-136(Aspergillus sp.)能同时抑制蜡样芽孢杆菌和坎氏弧菌，ye-135(A...     

罗汉果内生真菌多样性研究

该文采用传统形态学方法结合r DNA-ITS序列分析,对我国重要药用植物罗汉果中的内生真菌进行了鉴定并研究其多样性。结果表明:采用组织培养法从罗汉果健康植株中共分离得到150株内生真菌,包括罗汉果中雌株的内生真菌96株、雄株的内生真菌54株。122株内生真菌经形态学结合r DNA-ITS序列分析鉴定为9个属,均归属为子囊菌门,包含座囊菌纲(Dothideomycetes)和子囊菌纲(Sordariomycetes)。其中,座囊菌纲(Dothideomycetes)真菌包含3科、3属;子囊菌纲(Sordariomycetes)真菌包含6科、6属。优势属为刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum)和镰刀菌属(Fusarium)。罗汉果雌、雄植株不同组织中内生真菌的定殖率及分离率的变化规律均不相同,雌株中以根中内生真菌的定殖率和分离率最高,叶片中的最低;在雄株中以叶片中的定殖率和分离率最高,根中的最低。不同菌株在雌、雄两种植株的不同组织中的分布均不同,结合内生真菌群落组成的相似性比较结果,表明部分内生真菌对罗汉果雌株和雄株,以及同一植株中的不同组织均具有偏好性。不同组织中内生真菌的多样性指数在...     

同一生境下白及与黄花白及内生菌群差异的初步研究

为揭示白及与黄花白及内生菌群落特征异同的内在机制,该文运用末端限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析技术对白及和黄花白及叶、茎、块茎、根等组织中内生细菌16S rDNA、内生真菌ITS区进行检测,分析内生菌丰度及多样性指数,运用主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析对比白及与黄花白及内生菌差异。结果表明:(1)白及和黄花白及各组织内生细菌H指数为1.77～2.51,内生真菌H指数为1.79～3.18。(2)内生细菌表现为茎、块茎和根中相似,叶中差异较大; 内生真菌则表现出明显的特异性。(3)白及药用部位多糖含量与内生细菌中的7个T-RFs、内生真菌中的2个T-RFs呈相关性,黄花白及药用部位多糖含量与内生细菌中的3个T-RFs、内生真菌中的6个T-RFs呈相关性。综上结果表明,同一生境下,白及和黄花白及内生细菌除叶组织外,其他组织相似,内生真菌则差异显著,部分内生菌和药用部位多糖含量存在相关性。     

云南三个地区马铃薯内生真菌多样性研究

为研究云南马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)内生真菌的多样性,该文以采自云南省德宏芒市、大理喜洲和临沧双江3个地区的马铃薯植株为研究对象,采用组织块分离法、尖端菌丝挑取法对马铃薯根、茎及块茎中的内生真菌进行分离纯化,并采用形态学鉴定方法和ITS序列分析法对分离得到的内生真菌进行鉴定,对内生真菌的定殖率、分离率及多样性指数进行计算和分析。结果表明:(1)共分离得到内生真菌98株,其中从德宏芒市的样品中获得40株,从大理喜洲的样品中获得27株,从临沧双江的样品中获得31株。(2)经鉴定,分离得到的马铃薯内生真菌共涵盖10目10科13属,大多为子囊菌门和担子菌门,优势菌为镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和青霉属(Penicillium),褶皱裸孢壳(Emericella rugulosa)、接骨木镰刀菌(Fusarium sambucinum)、毛韧革菌(Stereum hirsutum)、Psathyrella sulcatotuberculosa和Epicoccum catenisporum 5种真菌均为首次从马铃薯植株中分离得到。(3)马铃薯块茎内生真菌的定殖率最高,根部内生真菌定殖率最低; 内生真菌的分离率以马铃薯根部为最高,而茎部最低; 不同组织中内生真菌的多样性指数趋势均为根>块茎>茎。从综合来看,云南马铃薯植株中的内生真菌具有较高的多样性,不同地区的马铃薯样品中内生真菌优势菌不同,马铃薯根部具有最丰富的内生真菌种群和最高的分离率,是最适合进行内生真菌分离的材料。该研究结果为后期探究马铃薯内生真菌对病原菌的拮抗作用奠定了基础,也为马铃薯内生真菌多样性研究提供了参考数据。     

白及内生真菌多样性研究

白及( Bletilla striata)是兰科地生型多年生植物,也是我国传统中药材之一。利用菌根技术进行白及的保护和人工栽培,需要获得白及可培养的内生真菌。该研究以广西野生的白及根和叶为材料,采用分离培养法分离内生真菌,并结合真菌形态特征,及其核糖体的转录间隔区( ITS)序列分析,确定内生真菌的分类地位。结果表明：从2株白及植物90块组织中分离获得37株内生真菌,鉴定为15个分类单元,由9个属组成,分属于2门4纲7目8科,包括锤舌菌纲( Leotiomycetes)、座囊菌纲( Dothideomycetes)和粪壳菌纲( Sordariomy-cetes),伞菌纲( Agaricomycetes)。从根中分离获得内生真菌12种,蜡壳菌属为优势属;从叶中分离获得内生真菌3种,刺盘孢属为优势属;刺盘孢菌属( Colletotrichum)和蜡壳菌属( Sebacina)真菌的相对多度值均达到20％;4株担子菌均分布于根中,叶组织中未有分布。根组织中内生真菌的多样性指数(H＝1.863)高于叶组织(1.098)。该研究结果及其所分离培养的担子菌类真菌,为更好地利用菌根技术进行白及等兰科植物资源的保护与可持续利用奠定了基础。     

内生真菌和内生细菌接种对雷公藤生长和次生代谢产物积累的影响

为探究内生真菌与内生细菌对雷公藤(Tripterygium wilfordii)的生长和次生代谢产物积累的相互作用,用内生真菌NS33、NS6和内生细菌LG3、LY1单独或跨界联合接种雷公藤,对雷公藤的生长和雷公藤甲素、雷公藤红素合成进行了研究。结果表明,单独或混合培养的菌株具有分泌铁载体、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和溶磷能力,对种子萌发、芽伸长和根系活力有显著促进作用。接种菌株NS33、NS6、NS6-LG3和NS6-LY1均显著促进了雷公藤组培苗的生长。单独或联合接种菌株均能显著提高雷公藤组培苗雷公藤甲素和雷公藤红素的积累,其中NS33-LG3和LG3的作用最显著。菌株NS33与LG3能够协同促进IAA的分泌、小麦幼苗根系活力和雷公藤红素的积累;菌株NS6与LY1协同提高了雷公藤组培苗的高度、质量和雷公藤红素的积累。因此,内生真菌与内生细菌联合接种对雷公藤生长和次生代谢产物积累具有一定的协同效应,显示出实际应用潜力。     

甘蔗赤腐病内生拮抗菌YC89的筛选及鉴定

【目的】筛选防治甘蔗赤腐病(sugarcane red rot)的生防菌株。【方法】实验以前期分离获得的甘蔗内生细菌为目标菌,以甘蔗赤腐病的病原真菌镰孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum falcatum Went.)为指示菌,采用平板对峙法筛选对该病菌有较强抑制作用的菌株,然后通过琼脂扩散法测定菌株代谢产物对抑菌活性的影响,并对具有较好拮抗效果的高效菌株进行抑菌广谱性分析并对其进行鉴定。最后通过形态学、生理生化特征以及16SrDNA和gyrA序列分析对高效菌株YC89进行鉴定。【结果】经初筛筛选到抑菌带均大于1.60 cm的5株拮抗细菌,其中X22、W2、YC89抑菌带均高达1.87 cm。对初筛得到的5株内生菌进行复筛,结果所示菌株YC89、H1、X22、W2、YT93对镰孢炭疽菌的抑菌率都在75%以上,其中菌株YC89对该病菌的抑菌效果最好,其抑菌率为78%。菌株YC89的发酵液、上清液、过滤液及粗蛋白提取液对镰孢炭疽菌的生长有较强的抑制作用,且菌株YC89对玉米大斑病、甘蔗梢腐病、草莓灰霉病等7种病原菌也有较好的抑制效果。通过菌株鉴定结果,初步将YC89菌株鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆...     

桃儿七茎叶组织内生真菌多样性

通过用两种传统培养基(PDA、SDA)分离方法对5个自然野生分布的桃儿七群落(分布于青海省、甘肃省和四川省)茎叶组织内的内生真菌多样性进行研究,并用形态学与分子生物学的方法鉴定菌株。实验结果显示,720个茎叶组织块中共分离到141株内生真菌。依据真菌在培养基上的形态初步划分为52个分类单元,经鉴定归属于19属,其中茎组织中16属叶组织中6属,桃儿七茎叶组织中的真菌优势属为拟青霉属,相对分离频率为26.34%。5个采样点间内生真菌的香浓维纳多样性指数为0.71—1.41,Sorenson相似性系数为0.13—0.50,定殖率为14.58%—28.47%。通过对PDA、SDA两种培养基以及茎、叶组织的定殖率进行统计,结果显示:PDA(17.50%)SDA(21.67%),茎(29.72%)叶(9.44%)。研究结果表明,桃儿七茎叶组织中内生真菌的多样性较低,不同采样点间宿主植物内内生真菌群落的相似性较低,真菌群落结构存在差异。研究为进一步扩大从桃儿七中筛选产鬼臼毒素等活性物质内生真菌提供了一种新的思路。     

The mixture of tertiary and quaternary alkaloids isolated from Argemone ochroleuca inhibits spore germination of some fungi

The mixture of tertiary and quaternary alkaloids isolated from Argemone ochroleuca was separately assessed against spore germination of some plant pathogenic fungi, e.g. Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria cajani, Bipolaris sp., Curvularia lunata, Curvularia sp., Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium udum, Helminthosporium sp., Helminthosporium pennisetti and Helminthosporium speciferum. Spore germination of Fusarium udum and Helminthosporium sp. was completely inhibited at very low concentration (200 ppm). A similar effect was observed on A. alternata, C. musae and H. pennisetti at 600, 800 and 1000 ppm. With quaternary alkaloids, Curvularia sp. and Colletotrichum musae were most sensitive as complete inhibition of spore germination was observed at 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm and a similar effect was observed with A. brassicae and A. cajani at 600, 800 and 1000 ppm. The remaining fungi were also highly sensitive to the mixture at different concentrations.     

Control of leaf-tip necrosis of micropropagated ornamental statice by elimination of endophytic bacteria

Summary Leaf-tip necrosis of micropropagated statice plantlets is a serious problem in commercial laboratories in Taiwan. Endophytic bacteria were detected in plantlets obtained from commercial laboratories with a leaf-tip necrosis problem. Endophytic bacteria were detected in flower stalks collected from four different statice farms at frequencies ranging from 61 to 100%. All plantlets regenerated from flower-stalk explants that tested free of endophytic bacteria did not develop leaf-tip necrosis. The most frequently detected endophytic bacteria were Pasteurella multocida, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Alcaligenes sp. Most endophytic bacteria in statice plantlets were eliminated by the subculture of plantlets on medium with augmentin, cefotaxime, or augmentin plus cefotaxime. Those plantlets freed from endophytic bacteria by subculture on antibiotic-amended medium did not develop leaf-tip necrosis. Our results show that leaf-tip necrosis of micropropagated statice plantlets is associated with endophytic bacteria, and that the disease can be controlled by using explants pre-tested to be free from endophytic bacteria or by the subculture of affected plantlets on antibiotic-amended medium.     

Coniochaeta ligniaria: antifungal activity of the cryptic endophytic fungus associated with autotrophic tissue cultures of the medicinal plant Smallanthus sonchifolius (Asteraceae)

Few studies have addressed the presence and bioactivity of endophytic fungi living in plantlets growing under in vitro conditions. After unfruitful attempts to grow axenic shoot cultures of the medicinal plant Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon) were made, healthy shoots grew on half strength Murashigue and Skoog media supplemented with 2.2 μM benzylaminopurine without sucrose. We isolated a fungus UM109 from these autotrophic tissue cultures and it was identified as Coniochaeta ligniaria using molecular, physiological and morphological methods. Dichloromethane extracts from C. ligniaria and its host S. sonchifolius exhibited antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides. Both extracts of C. ligniaria and S. sonchifolius were subjected to antifungal bioassay-directed fractionation using NMR spectroscopy and GC-FID analysis. Twelve antifungal fatty acids were identified and 8 out of the total were produced by the fungus and the plant including caproic, caprylic, myristic, palmitic, heptadecanoic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids. Additionally, caproic, caprylic and palmitic acids were produced at high concentrations by the endophytic fungus and its host. The detection of these antifungal fatty acids produced by both C. ligniaria and S. sonchifolius suggests that these bioactive compounds may be partially responsible for the high resistance of S. sonchifolius to phytopathogenic fungal attacks. This finding also indicates the existence of an interesting chemical symbiosis between an endophytic fungus and its host. Furthermore, the isolation of C. ligniaria from tissue culture of S. sonchifolius demonstrates that plantlets growing in vitro as autotrophic cultures can shelter specific endophytic fungal communities. The use of autotrophic tissue cultures may become an important tool for studies on the taxonomy, ecology, evolution and biotechnological application of endophytes.     

Diazotrophic bacteria associated with banana (Musa spp.).

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from surface sterilized banana (Musa spp.) plants and constituted a minor proportion of banana endophytic bacteria. Some isolates were characterized by alloenzyme profiles, biochemical tests, 16S rRNA and rpoB partial gene sequences, plasmid profiles and plant colonization. A large group of enterobacterial isolates that could not be clearly affiliated, most of them ascribed to group I (with characteristics of Enterobacter cloacae) were the diazotrophs most frequently found in banana. Different Klebsiella spp. and Rhizobiumsp. were identified as well. Klebsiella spp. were isolated from inside the roots and stems of plants grown in the two geographical regions sampled and from tissue culture-derived plantlets. Rhizobium sp. isolates were obtained only from Colima where bananas are grown extensively. Group I isolates and Rhizobium sp. could be re-isolated from surface-sterilized banana derived from tissue culture at five months after inoculation and significant increases in stem and leave fresh weight were obtained with some of the isolates.     

盐角草内生真菌分离鉴定及抑制水产腐败细菌菌株的筛选

盐角草是一种耐盐植物,有重要的食用、药用价值.为研究盐角草的内生真菌及其活性次生代谢产物的多样性,该文对采集于广西北部湾沿海盐角草的内生真菌进行分离纯化,采用RAPD对内生真菌多样性进行分析,采用ITS基因序列对内生真菌进行鉴定,并对内生真菌提取物抑制等3种水产腐败细菌的活性进行筛选.结果表明:(1)从北部湾盐角草植物...     

Optimisation of medium and culture conditions for the production of antifungal substances to Colletotrichum musae by Trametes elegans SR06

An endophytic fungus SR06 was isolated from a leaf of Amomum villosum Lour., which had a high antagonistic effect on Colletotrichum musae with an inhibition ratio of 41.20%. The antifungal substances could be secreted into fermentation broth, which had a high inhibitory activity. Strain SR06 was identified as Trametes elegans according to internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the process parameters of antifungal substances production. Using the Plackett–Burman design, three variables (glucose, yeast extract and MgSO₄·7H₂O) exerted significant effects on antifungal substances production. Then RSM experiments were conducted to further optimise the three variables. The optimal medium components were 26.45?g/L glucose, 10?g/L peptone, 14.96?g/L yeast extract and 1.49?g/L MgSO₄·7H₂O, and the optimal initial pH was 6.0, with a culture temperature of 28°C and a shaking speed of 180?rpm. Under the optimised conditions, a significant improvement in the production of antifungal substances by T. elegans SR06 was accomplished, and the inhibition zone diameter was up to 29.2?mm after culturing for 7d. The average control efficacy of the fermentation supernatant of SR06 against C. musae was 51.29% on banana fruits, which was significantly higher than that of the fungicide carbendazim.     

Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, a well-known medicinal plant of India

Endophytic fungi from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis were isolated and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. A total of 19 endophytic fungi were isolated from 400 segments of healthy leaf and stem tissues of N. arbor-tristis. Eighteen endophytic fungi were obtained from leaf, while only ten from stem. Alternaria alternata had the highest colonization frequency (15.0%) in leaf, whereas Cladosporium cladosporioides ranked first in stem with a colonization frequency of 12%. The diversity and species richness were found higher in leaf tissues than in stem. The similarity indices between leaf and stem were 0.473 for Jaccard’s and 0.642 for the Sorenson index, respectively. Of 16, 12 (75%) endophytic fungal extracts showed antibacterial activity against either one or more pathogenic bacteria. The endophytic Nigrospora oryzae showed maximum inhibition against Shigella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaf endophytes Colletotrichum dematium and Chaetomium globosum exhibited a broad range of anibacterial activity and were active against Shigella flexnii, Shigella boydii, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella paratyphi, and P. aeruginosa. Nine out of 16 (56.25%) endophytic fungi exhibited antifungal activity to one or more fungal pathogens. Colletotrichum dematium inhibited 55.87% of the radial growth of the phytopathogen Curvularia lunata. The antimicrobial activity of these endophytic microorganisms could be exploited in the biotechnological, medicinal, and agricultural industries.