大螺旋藻的形态观察和培养试验

蓝藻—螺旋藻(Spirulina)作为大规模工业化培养的对象,以其高的蛋白质含量和合理的氨基酸组成,极大地吸引了国内外生物学工作者的注意,他们对原产于非洲的钝顶螺旋藻(S.platensis)或墨西哥的极大螺旋藻(S.maxima)进行了广泛的研究3-6。笔者在我国广州珠江河畔一个小池塘里发现采集了一种螺旋藻——大螺旋藻(Spirulina major)1,2,进行了分离和单种培养。       

螺旋藻——人类未来的高蛋白营养源

螺旋藻隶属于蓝藻门、蓝藻纲、藻殖段目、颤藻科、螺旋藻属(Spirulina),是一种微型、不分枝、无异形胞的螺旋状丝体。根据藻丝体的大小、螺距长短、生态习性等性状的不同,螺旋藻属分有30余种,广泛分布于世界各地的海水、半咸水或淡水湖泊,为一种     

一氧化氮对增强的UV_B胁迫下螺旋藻生物损伤的减缓作用

为了探讨一氧化氮对增强的UV-B胁迫下螺旋藻生物学特性的影响,通过色素含量、蛋白质含量和生物量3个方面的变化证实了0.5mmol/L的一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)供体硝普钠(Sodium nitroprusside,SNP)对增强UV-B胁迫下的螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)794细胞生物损伤有明显的减缓作用。实验结果显示,NO能够显著诱导增强的UV-B胁迫下螺旋藻细胞内蛋白质含量、脯氨酸含量的提高,促进正常生长条件下螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)794细胞内抗氧化物质GSH含量的增多,但外源NO又可以降低增强UV-B胁迫下螺旋藻细胞中GSH含量的增加。说明NO对增强UV-B胁迫下的螺旋藻794细胞有保护作用,可以减轻UV-B胁迫对螺旋藻(S.platensis)细胞引起的生物损伤。首次研究报道了增强UV-B胁迫下NO信号分子对蓝细菌———螺旋藻细胞生物损伤调节能力的影响,为进一步探讨NO信号及其与其它信号分子之间相互作用、相互关联来调节细胞的生理生化过程,以减缓UV-B胁迫下的生物损伤机理奠定了基础。     

螺旋藻的开发利用

螺旋藻(Spirulina)是一种个体仅有300—500μm的微藻类水生植物.属于蓝藻门,由于其活体形似螺旋,故名。原产非洲及中南美地区,这种被誉为“微型营养宝库”的螺旋藻,每公斤所含营养相当于1000公斤各种蔬菜的总和,植物蛋白质含量高达70％,并富含维     

微藻类抽提物代替生长培养基里的血清

生长培养基内一般含一种微藻类抽提物,诸如小球藻属(Chlorella)、栅列藻属(Scenedesmus)或螺旋藻属(Spirulina)之类的单细胞藻类的抽提物,因它们代替动物血清,可以使人体细胞培养物以一种有效的和稳定的方式延续世代。除去上列优点外,还不发生突变,省去了使用血清时的经费。     

一氧化氮对增强的UV_B胁迫下螺旋藻生物损伤的减缓作用

为了探讨一氧化氮对增强的UV_B胁迫下螺旋藻生物学特性的影响,通过色素含量、蛋白质含量和生物量3个方面的变化证实了05mmol/L的一氧化氮(Nitric oxide, NO)供体硝普钠(Sodium nitroprusside, SNP)对增强UV_B胁迫下的螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)794细胞生物损伤有明显的减缓作用。实验结果显示,NO能够显著诱导增强的UV_B胁迫下螺旋藻细胞内蛋白质含量、脯氨酸含量的提高,促进正常生长条件下螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)794细胞内抗氧化物质GSH含量的增多,但外源NO又可以降低增强UV_B胁迫下螺旋藻细胞中GSH含量的增加。说明NO对增强UV_B胁迫下的螺旋藻794细胞有保护作用,可以减轻UV_B胁迫对螺旋藻(S. platensis)细胞引起的生物损伤。首次研究报道了增强UV_B胁迫下NO信号分子对蓝细菌——螺旋藻细胞生物损伤调节能力的影响,为进一步探讨NO信号及其与其它信号分子之间相互作用、相互关联来调节细胞的生理生化过程,以减缓UV_B胁迫下的生物损伤机理奠定了基础。     

利用工业废水,废气（CO2）和余热培养的螺旋藻生物学特性研究

本文在国内首次报道了利用生产碱的工厂排放的废水、废气(CO_2)和余热资源大量培养螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)及在这样的条件下温度、光照和 pH 对螺旋藻生长的影响。指出利用工业废水、废气(CO_2)和余热资源大规模培养螺旋藻是降低生产成本的理想方案之一。同时说明螺旋藻的生产可能在国民经济中发挥的作用及所具有的潜力。     

螺旋藻的优良单株

常言说“好种出好苗,好瓜结好瓢”,良种是所有生物生长繁衍的根本,螺旋藻也不例外。螺旋藻有50余种,而广泛培养应用的主要是钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)和极大螺旋藻(S.maxima)。鉴于螺旋藻的分类标准不够一致,本文对介绍的藻株只用代号表示。近年来,我国的藻类工作者对从国内外收集的一些螺旋藻株进行了大量的比较试验,其中农业部螺旋藻协作组收集的十几个藻株中表现较好的藻株是:Sp.A(中科院水生所提供,简称A),Sp.B     

Te(Ⅳ)胁迫对两种螺旋藻生长及抗氧化酶系统的影响

在钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)和极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maximum)接种的第5天至第10天添加不同浓度的亚碲酸钠,研究Te(Ⅳ)胁迫对两种螺旋藻的生长、抗氧化活性系统和脂质过氧化作用的影响。结果表明,通过调节添加碲的时间,可以有效地调节碲胁迫强度,随着加碲时间依次后移,碲胁迫强度逐渐减小,螺旋藻的最终生物量递增。碲对螺旋藻的生物效应与碲胁迫强度有关,也与添加碲时藻所处的生长期有关。实验组Ⅲ(分别在第7、8、第9天三天添加碲)的碲胁迫强度并不是最低的,两种螺旋藻的最终生物量也不是最大,但MDA的含量却是最低的,表明该实验组的生长状态是最佳的。各种抗氧化酶(SOD、GPX、CAT、APX和POD)的活性变化情况较复杂。其中,在碲胁迫下,GPX的活性显著提高。       

不同生境下的钝顶螺旋藻RAPD分析

本文对不同生境下的钝顶螺旋藻Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis进行了RAPD分析。结果表明, 鄂尔多斯高原碱湖和Chad湖的钝顶螺旋藻基因组DNA扩增多态性片段同源性为 48.23%。2 个样品在分子遗传水平上存在着较大的差异, 这是由于各自生态环境明显不同和长期地理隔离造成的。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.