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1.
Chlamydospores of Entoloma clypeatum f. hybridum were described on the mycorrhizas and rhizomorphs associated with Rosa multiflora. Their developmental pattern seems to be the Nyctalis type. This is the first report on chlamydospore formation on the mycorrhizae in entolomatoid fungi.
Received: January 17, 2002 / Accepted: November 5, 2002
Acknowledgments K.H. is grateful to Emeritus Professor N. Sagara in Kyoto University, in whose laboratory part of this study was undertaken.
Thanks are due to Mr. D. Sakuma for allowing the specimens to be kept in Osaka Museum of Natural History.
Correspondence to:H. Kobayashi 相似文献
2.
Aydi Ben Abdallah Rania Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine Ahlem Nefzi Sonia Mokni-Tlili Mejda Daami-Remadi 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2016,26(8):1139-1165
Nine non-pathogenic bacterial isolates, recovered from Datura metel organs and able to colonise the internal stem tissues of tomato cultivar Rio Grande, were screened for their ability to suppress tomato Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), and to enhance plant growth. S33 and S85 isolates tested were found to be the most effective in decreasing Fusarium wilt severity by 94–95% compared to FOL-inoculated and untreated control. A significant enhancement of growth parameters was recorded on tomato plants inoculated or not with FOL. Both isolates were characterised and identified using 16S rDNA sequencing genes as Stenotrophomonas sp. str. S33 (KR818084) and Pseudomonas sp. str. S85 (KR818087). Screened in vitro for their antifungal activity towards FOL, these isolates led to 38.7% and 22.5% decrease in pathogen radial growth and to the formation of an inhibition zone of 12.75 and 8.37?mm respectively. Stenotrophomonas sp. str. S33 and Pseudomonas sp. str. S85 were found to be chitinase-, protease- and pectinase-producing strains but unable to produce hydrogen cyanide. Production of indole-3-acetic acid-like compounds, phosphate solubilising ability and pectinase activity were investigated for elucidating their plant growth-promoting traits and their endophytic colonisation ability. 相似文献
3.
Rania Aydi Ben Abdallah Ahlem Nefzi Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine Chokri Messaoud Catalina Stedel Kalliope K. Papadopoulou 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2016,49(13-14):343-361
A putative endophytic Bacillus cereus str. S42 (KP993206), recovered from surface-sterilised stems of Nicotiana glauca was assessed in vitro and in vivo for its antifungal potential towards Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Pathogen sporulation was significantly inhibited by B. cereus str. S42. FOL mycelial growth was reduced using its whole-cell suspensions, cell-free culture supernatant and chloroform extract. Its extracellular metabolites remained effective after heating at 50–100 °C with a decline in their activity was observed beyond 100 °C, when added with proteinase K and/or after pH adjustment to 2 and 12. Chitinase gene was detected using PCR amplification. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of its chloroform extract matched phthalic acid, dibutyl ester with high level of similarity. B. cereus str. S42 cell-free culture supernatant and whole-cell suspensions had significantly suppressed Fusarium wilt severity by 87–96% and enhanced tomato growth by 39–79% compared to FOL-inoculated and untreated control. 相似文献
4.
Hong-Sheng Wu Waseem Raza Dong-Yang Liu Cheng-Long Wu Ze-Shen Mao Yang-Chun Xu Qi-Rong Shen 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(8):1297-1304
Watermelon production is threatened by fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (FON) in continuous cultivation system. Some elements, mainly allelochemicals, released from living roots or decayed plants
might be associated with the disease. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the possible impact of coumarin, one kind of
watermelon allelochemical, on FON. Furthermore, possible new mechanisms might be investigated during the ecological interactions
of plant-microbe. Results showed that coumarin strongly inhibited growth of FON leading to a decrease in its biomass, dry
weight of mycelia of FON in a liquid culture. The dry weight was decreased by 62.9% compared with control. The hyphal growth
of FON on plates was stopped at high (>400 mg l−1) concentrations of coumarin. At 320 mg l−1, sporulation and enzyme activities of FON were also severely suppressed by coumarin. The yield of conidia, and the activities
of proteinase, cellulase, and amylase were reduced by 98.9%, 79.7%, 29.8% and 15.9% respectively. However, conidial germination
and mycotoxin (MT) production of FON were greatly stimulated, being increased by 55.7% and 14.9 fold at 320 mg l−1 respectively. We conclude that coumarin acted as an allelochemical substance to inhibit growth and pathogenic enzyme activities
of FON but to stimulate mycotoxin production and conidial germination. It was suggested that coumarin acted as a signal transduction
element bridging plant and pathogen in the process of plant-microbe interactions. 相似文献
5.
6.
B incompatibility factor mutants (Bmut) in Pleurotus ostreatus were recovered from common-B mating heterokaryons resulted from matings between wild-type monokaryons with different A but the same B factors (A1B2 and A2B2) after NTG mutagenesis. The mutant monokaryons such as A1B2mut and A2B2mut were observed to have regularly uninucleated hyphal cells and to be compatible with each other. Matings between A1B2mut and A2B2mut monokaryons produced stable heterokaryons (A1B2mut + A2B2mut) that had binucleated hyphal cells with true clamp connections and formed normal fruit-bodies. Mating tests using basidiospore
progeny from each of these heterokaryons revealed the bipolar mating pattern. Genetic analysis suggested that the mutation
of B factor in P. ostreatus might occur in the B incompatibility factor genes.
Received: August 3, 2001 / Accepted: January 18, 2002 相似文献
7.
Ophiodothella caseariae sp. nov. from leaves of Casearia tremula in Venezuela is described and illustrated.
Received: February 19, 2002 / Accepted: April 30, 2002 相似文献
8.
A new species of Erysiphe sect. Uncinula is described and illustrated from Patagonia, Argentina. Erysiphe patagoniaca sp. nov., found on leaves of Nothofagus × antarctica, is similar to E. nothofagi and E. kenjiana, but differs in its appendages being twisted throughout their length and the number of appendages, asci, and ascospores.
The two endemic species of Erysiphe sect. Uncinula, E. magellanica and E. nothofagi, coexisted on the same leaves together with Erysiphe patagoniaca.
Received: September 19, 2002 / Accepted: November 28, 2002
Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Ms. Seiko Niinomi for providing the micrographs of ascomata of Erysiphe spp. on Nothofagus.
Correspondence to:S. Takamatsu 相似文献
9.
Two Exobasidium species causing Exobasidium leaf blister on Rhododendron spp. are described. An Exobasidium leaf blister on Rhododendron yedoense var. yedoense f. yedoense has been recognized in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, since the first report was issued in 1950. The causal fungus is identified
with Exobasidium dubium from the morphology of its hymenial structure and mode of germination of the basidiospores. Another Exobasidium leaf blister
on Rhododendron dauricum has been observed in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. In comparison with morphology based on hymenial structure and mode of germination
of the basidiospores of the 100 validly described taxa, this fungus differs from those known taxa in the size of basidia and
basidiospores, the numbers of sterigmata and septa of basidiospores, and the mode of germination of basidiospores. Thus, a
new species, Exobasidium miyabei, is established and illustrated.
Received: February 13, 2002 / Accepted: September 25, 2002
Present address: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
Acknowledgments We profoundly appreciate the cooperation of Dr. V. Melnik in providing Russian papers and Dr. L. Vasilyeva for translating
them into English. We thank Prof. H. Takahashi for loaning the materials in the Herbarium of the Hokkaido University Museum
and Dr. W. Abe, Graduate School of Science, University of Hokkaido, for his kind help with the sampling of R. dauricum in Teshikaga, Hokkaido Prefecture. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (No. 13460019),
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
Contribution No. 171, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.
Correspondence to:M. Kakishima 相似文献
10.
Naveen Kumar Arora Ekta Khare Ji Hoon Oh Sun Chul Kang Dinesh K. Maheshwari 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(4):581-585
Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora capsici are two of the most destructive phytopathogens occurring worldwide and are only partly being managed by traditional control
strategies. Fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates PGC1 and PGC2 were checked for the antifungal potential against R. solani and P. capsici. Both the isolates were screened for the ability to produce a range of antifungal compounds. The results of this study indicated
the role of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in the inhibition of R. solani, however, antifungal metabolites of a non-enzymatic nature were responsible for inhibition of P. capsici. The study confirmed that multiple and diverse mechanisms are adopted by the same antagonist to suppress different phytopathogens,
as evidenced in case of R. solani and P. capsici. 相似文献
11.
12.
Mohamed H. Abd-Alla Shymaa R. bashandy 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(2):291-292
Tomato fruits and seed lots were screened for the presence of Xanthomonas
vesicatoria and Ralstonia
solanacearum. Yellow colonies of Xanthomonas
vesicatoria and white colonies of Ralstonia
solanacearum were consistently isolated on yeast extract-dextrose-calcium carbonate agar medium (YDC) from diseased fruits and seed samples.
This was confirmed by isolation on semi-selective medium such as Tween B for Xanthomonas and triphenyltetrazolium salt (TTC) medium for Ralstonia
solanacearum followed by biochemical tests. The four isolates belonging to Xanthomonas
vesicatoria and Ralstonia
solanacearum were used to inoculate a local tomato variety. The isolates were found to cause yellowing and wilting of 2-weeks-old seedlings
by 8–14 days after inoculation and by 4 weeks all plants had wilted and completely died. Bacteria with the same characteristics
as those inoculated were reisolated from the infected plants. Uninoculated plants remained healthy. 相似文献
13.
Hyaloscypha albohyalina var. monodictys, a new variety in the family Hyaloscyphaceae, Helotiales with Monodictys anamorph is described and illustrated.
Received: June 26, 2002 / Accepted: July 27, 2002
Present address: Strategic Product Portfolio Department, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 3-5-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8426, Japan Tel. +81-3-5255-7040
(Ext. 2528); Fax +81-3-5255-7086 e-mail: hosoya@hq.sankyo.co.jp
Correspondence to:T. Hosoya 相似文献
14.
Umbelopsis gibberispora is described as a new species in the genus Umbelopsis, Umbelopsidaceae, Mucorales. The species differs from others in this genus by ellipsoidal sporangiospores with unilaterally
thickened walls. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nLSU rDNA) partial sequences suggest
that U. gibberispora, U. swartii, and U. westeae form a clade together with the strains of Umbelopsis ramanniana. The ex-type strain of Micromucor ramannianus var. angulisporus is found to be very close to Umbelopsis vinacea, whereas other isolates identified under the former name in the sense of Linnemann fall in the U. ramanniana subclade. For these isolates, a new species, Umbelopsis angularis, is introduced. Phylogenetic relationships among Umbelopsis species are discussed related to their attributes of the sporangial wall and mature spore shapes.
Received: August 27, 2002 / Accepted: March 11, 2003
Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Takashi Ohsono, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan, for providing the strain of U. gibberispora (CBS 109328). We also thank Dr. Wieland Meyer, University of Sydney, Australia for access to the phylogenetic tree based
on ITS sequence data before publishing, and Dr. Richard C. Summerbell, Centraalbureau von Schimmelcultures, the Netherlands,
for linguistic corrections. 相似文献
15.
Biological control of wilt of egg plant (Solanum melongena L.) caused by Fusarium solani was made with the application of five Trichoderma species, T. harzianum, T. viride, T. lignorum, T. hamatum and T. reesei. The effect of volatile and non-volatile antibiotics of Trichoderma origin on growth inhibition of the wilt pathogen was studied. T. harzianum showed maximum growth inhibition (86.44 %) of the pathogen through mycoparasitism. The non-volatiles produced by the Trichoderma species exhibited 100 % growth inhibition of the pathogen under in vitro condition. Production of siderophores and fungal cell wall degrading enzymes, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were found. Treatments
with two most efficient Trichoderma species, T. harzianum and T. viride resulted in the decreasing population of Fusarium solani in soil thereby deterring disease incidence in field condition. 相似文献
16.
The anti-Fusarium oxysporum f. sp cicer (FOC) and anti-Alternaria porri (A. porri) effects were evaluated for 75 different essential oils. The most active essential oils found were those of lemongrass, clove,
cinnamon bark, cinnamon leaf, cassia, fennel, basil and evening primrose. However, the effectiveness of these essential oils
with both the tested fungi showed different responses. The level of inhibition was compared with Hexaconazole. GC–MS analysis
for five oils amongst the 75 essential oils tested was performed. The potential of these essential oils as an ecofriendly
and economic approach as a fungicide for FOC and A. porri is discussed. 相似文献
17.
H. Takahashi 《Mycoscience》2003,44(2):0103-0107
Three new species of Agaricales from eastern Honshu, Japan, are described and illustrated. (1) Clitocybe minutella sp. nov. (section Vernae), having white, very small, clitocyboid basidiomata with white, strigose mycelial tomentum at the base of the stipe and trichodermial
elements in the pileipellis, occurs on leaf litter in deciduous oak forests. (2) Crepidotus longicomatus sp.nov. (section Echinospori), forms very small (up to 3.5 mm in diameter), reniform basidiomata densely covered overall with white to pale yellow, erect,
thick-walled, long hairs. It has melleous, echinulate basidiospores, and was found on fallen dead branches in lowland oak
forests. (3) Crepidotus virgineus sp. nov. (section Crepidotus), forming pure white, reniform basidiomata, has smooth, ellipsoid basidiospores, subfusiform-pedicellate to irregularly cylindrical
cheilocystidia, and abundant clamp connections. It occurs on fallen dead branches in lowland oak forests.
Received: August 22, 2002 / Accepted: January 8, 2003
Acknowledgments I am grateful to Dr. Yousuke Degawa (KPM) for allowing the specimens cited to be kept in the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum
of Natural History.
Correspondence to:H. Takahashi 相似文献
18.
A. Borrego‐Benjumea M.J. Basallote‐Ureba P.A. Abbasi G. Lazarovits J.M. Melero‐Vara 《The Annals of applied biology》2014,164(3):453-463
Organic soil amendments play important roles in the reduction of plant diseases caused by soil‐borne plant pathogens. This study examined the combined effects of concentrations of organic amendments, temperature and period of incubation in soil on the management of Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). In an experiment with substrate mixture, Fol reduction was higher when the soils were incubated at 35°C than at 30°C. Disease severity was proportionally reduced as the volume of amendment added increased. Furthermore, disease was significantly lower in substrates incubated for 30 days at both temperatures, as compared to substrates incubated for only 15 days. The most effective control was achieved with pelletised poultry manure (PPM). In experiments with natural sandy soil, the effects of amendments on Fol populations, measured by real‐time quantitative PCR with TaqMan probes, were significant. The highest decreases in Fol DNA resulted when the soil was amended with 2% PPM and incubated at 35°C. The reductions in DNA concentrations was most likely related to the accumulations of high concentrations of NH3 (27.3 mM) in soils treated with 2% PPM and incubated at room temperature (RT; 23 ± 2°C), or at 35°C. Severity of plants grown in soils incubated at RT decreased by over 40%, and more than 73% when incubated at 35°C, regardless of the rate of PPM. The results indicate that the management with PPM, when combined with heating or solarisation, is an effective control measure against Fusarium wilt of tomato. 相似文献
19.
P. Bettini E. Cosi M. G. Pellegrini L. Turbanti G. Vendramin M. Buiatti 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(4):575-583
Previous work carried out in our laboratory has shown that, in tomato, the alteration of endogenous phytohormone equilibria
through the integration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens genes for auxin and cytokinin synthesis can modify the active defense response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The susceptible cv ‘Red River’ acquires a stable competence for active defense, particularly when the phytohormone equilibrium
is altered in favour of cytokinins. Here, we analyse the expression of genes involved in the defense response against pathogens,
i.e. pathogenesis-related (PR)-protein genes, in the susceptible ‘Red River’ and resistant ‘Davis’ cultivars transgenic for
the aforementioned genes. Fungal cell-wall components, glutathione, salicylic acid and the ethylene-forming ethephon are used
as “probes” for the induction of defense processes, including ethylene production. The data obtained show that the extracellular
PR-proteins (acidic chitinase and PR-1 protein) that were inducible in the control tissue of the resistant ‘Davis’ cultivar
and not expressed in the susceptible ‘Red River’ cultivar became constitutive in the transgenic tissues of both. On the other
hand, expression of the intracellular PR-proteins (basic chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase) was found to be constitutive in all
cases, both in the control and in the transgenic cell lines of the resistant and the susceptible tomato cultivars. Ethylene
production was higher in ‘Davis’ than in ‘Red River’, and significantly increased in the transgenic cell lines, particularly
when cytokinin synthesis was altered.
Received: 25 February 1998 / Accepted: 7 April 1998 相似文献
20.
Bacillus subtilis strain IB exhibiting inhibitory activity against the Fusarium head blight disease fungus Fusarium graminearum was isolated and identified. The major inhibitory compound was purified from the culture broth through anion exchange, hydrophobic
interaction, and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) steps. It was a 1,463-Da lipopeptide and had
an amino acid composition consisting of Ala, Glx, Ile, Orn, Pro, Thr, and Tyr at a molar ratio of 1:3:1:1:1:1:2. Electrospray
ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI MS/MS) analyses of the natural and the ring-opened peptides showed the
antagonist was fengycin, a kind of macrolactone molecule with antifungal activity produced by several Bacillus strains. Fluorescence microscopic analysis indicated this peptide permeabilized and disrupted F. graminearum hyphae. 相似文献