Regulation of the ATP-supported Ca2+ uptake by heart and liver mitochondria

The ATP-supported Ca²⁺ uptake of heart and liver mitochondria preincubated in conditions in which electron transport had either been prevented by rotenone or antimycin, or induced by oxidizable substrates, has been studied. Mitochondria preincubated with respiratory inhibitors accumulate Ca²⁺ less efficiently than mitochondria preincubated with oxidizable substrates. The difference correlates with the degree of activation of the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase. The results indicate that the rate at which mitochondria take up Ca²⁺ in the ATP-supported system may be controlled by the reversible asociation of the inhibiting peptide (Pullman,. and Monroy, J. Biol. Chem., 238, 3762–3769) with the ATPase complex. Since this process appears to be modulated by the transmembrane electrochemical gradient, the latter may regulate the uptake of Ca²⁺ in a hitherto undescribed way.     

柚的起源、演化及分布初探

柚 (Ｃｉｔｒｕｓｇｒａｎｄｉｓ (Ｌ .)Ｏｓｂｅｃｋ)是桔属的三个基本种之一 ,是一类重要的种质资源 ,经济价值高 ,近年来国内外的开发利用方兴未艾。柚果以其果形美观 ,味道鲜美 ,营养丰富 ,且耐储藏 ,易运输 ,素有“天然罐头”之称。我国是柑桔的起源中心和遗传变异中心之一 ,资源极其丰富。中国柚的人工栽培最早 ,夏书《禹贡》就有“扬州厥包橘柚锡贡”的记载 ;《吕氏春秋》有“果之美者 ,云梦之柚”之说 ,证明柚的栽培至少有三千多年的历史。我国目前在广东、广西、福建、四川、台湾、湖南、江西、浙江、江苏、安徽、云南、贵州、湖北…     

Glycogen in the proventriculus of the tsetse fly

Glycogen was detected in the proventriculus of the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans, by ultrastructural, histochemical, and biochemical methods. This organ contained ten times or more glycogen on a dry weight basis than was found in the thoracic muscle. Proventriculi of male tsetse contained less glycogen than those of females belonging to the same age group and in teneral flies the amount of glycogen was about 50 per cent lower than in mature, fed flies of the same sex. Although the thoracic muscle of tsetse flies was considerably lower in glycogen than that of blowflies the amounts in the proventriculus of mature females of the two insect species were almost equal. It is suggested that this carbohydrate store may supply the energy required for secretory processes.     

Photosynthetic activity of chloroembryos of a few selected tropical plants

Abstract The role of chlorophyll in the mature embryos of several tropical plants (Phthirusa pyrifolia [H.B.K.] Eichl. [Loranthaceae]. Murraya koenigia Kurz. [Rutaceae], Murraya paniculata Jack. [Rutaceae], Syzygium cuminii [L.] Skeels [Myrtaceae]) was investigated. Extracted chloroembryos of all species do photosynthesize when illuminated. Whole mature fruits of M. koeningii, M. paniculata and Syzygium cuminii exhibited some photosynthetic activity, but pericarps of none of the fruits photosynthesized when exposed to light. Thus the photosynthetic activity of fruits may be ascribed to CO₂ uptake by chloroembryos embedded in the fruits. A specific aspect of plant physiology, namely the re-utilization of respired CO₂ in the process of photosynthesis is emphasized. It is postulated that within embedded chloroembryos, conditions such as high CO₂ concentration, high light intensity, and low oxygen concentration are favourable for conducting intensive photosynthesis. Photosynthesis within enclosed organs has an additional advantage in that is does not expose the plant to any risk of water loss usually associated with photosynthesis.     

东北天然针阔混交林凋落物磷素空间异质性及其影响因素

以天然云冷杉(Picea jezoensis var.microsperma(Lindl.) W.C.ChengL.K.Fu and Abies nephrolepis(Trautv.) Maxim.)针阔混交林为研究对象,基于4块1 hm~2固定样地林分调查数据和等距离网格布点取样的400个半分解层凋落物样品的养分测定数据,采用地统计学方法,分析凋落物磷浓度、归还量及利用效率的空间格局特征及其影响因素。结果表明:4块样地凋落物磷浓度均值为1.26 g/kg,归还量均值为24.57 kg/hm~2,利用效率均值为841.74,均表现为中等强度变异,具有明显的空间异质性,且同一样地,变异程度呈现出磷归还量磷利用效率磷浓度。凋落物磷浓度、归还量(样地III和IV结构比大于75%,其空间异质性主要由随机效应引起,不适合进行空间插值)和利用效率主要受结构性因素影响,具有较高的空间自相关性。同一样地磷利用效率的空间异质性较磷浓度及归还量低,各样地磷浓度、归还量和利用效率空间自相关范围分别为9.9—40.5 m、11.9—52.9 m和8.1—39.3 m。同一样地磷利用效率的分形维数高于磷浓度,空间格局较磷浓度复杂,磷浓度空间依赖性更强,具有更好的结构性。凋落物磷浓度、归还量(除样地III和IV)和利用效率呈现条带状和斑块状梯度性分布,且磷浓度和利用效率的空间分布格局相似。凋落物磷浓度、归还量和利用效率受到郁闭度、物种数和植物多样性等多种因子的影响。     

Genetic control of high stearic acid content in seed oil of two soybean mutants

 Stearic acid is one of the two saturated fatty acids found in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil, with its content in the seed oil of commercial cultivars averaging 4.0%. Two mutants, KK-2 and M25 with two- and six-fold higher stearic acid contents in the seed oil than cv ‘Bay’, were identified after X-ray seed irradiation. Our objective was to determine the genetic control of high stearic acid content in these mutants. Reciprocal crosses were made between each mutant and ‘Bay’, and between the two mutants. No maternal effect for stearic acid content was observed from the analysis of F₁ seeds in any of the crosses. Low stearic acid content in ‘Bay’ was partially dominant to high stearic acid content in KK-2 and M25, and high stearic acid content in KK-2 was partially dominant to high stearic acid content in M25. Cytoplasmic effects were not observed, as demonstrated by the lack of reciprocal cross differences for stearic acid content in our analysis of F₂ seeds from F₁ plants. The stearic acid content in F₂ seeds of KK-2בBay’ and M25בBay’ crosses segregated into three phenotypic classes which satisfactorily fit a 1:2:1 ratio, indicating that high stearic acid content in KK-2 and M25 was controlled by recessive alleles at a single locus. The data for stearic acid content in F₂ seeds of the KK-2×M25 cross satisfactorily fit a 3:9:1:3 phenotypic ratio. The F₂ segregation ratio and the segregation of F₃ seeds from individual F₂ plants indicated that KK-2 and M25 have different alleles at different loci for stearic acid content. The alleles in KK-2 and M25 have been designated as st ₁ and st ₂, respectively. The stearic acid content (>30.0%) found in the st ₁ st ₁ st ₂ st ₂ genotype is the highest known to date in soybean, but it was not possible to develop the line with this genotype because the irregular seeds failed to grow into plants after germination. Therefore, tissue culture methods must be developed to perpetuate this genotype. Received: 28 March 1997 / Accepted: 18 April 1997     

通过《Landscape Ecology》杂志看国际景观生态学研究动向

《Landscape Ecology》是刊载景观生态学文章的重要期刊。本文以该期刊为研究对象．总结自1987年创刊以来所刊载的572篇文章的关键词所体现出的景观生态学的学科体系(理论-原理、研究方法、实际应用)、研究内容(景观格局、景观过程、景观变化)和研究对象(景观类型、景观要素)的发展历程,并对这些关键词进行时段归类和统计分析,提炼出各时段的研究热点并分析未来景观生态学热点发展方向。     

Arabinosyl nucleosides. XIII. Influence of arabinofuranosylthymine on DNA-, RNA- and protein-synthesizing systems in vitro

The natural metabolite of the sponge Cryptotethya crypta, arabinofuranosylthymine (araThd), is intracellularly phosphorylated to araTTP. The present study demonstrates that araTTP inhibits both isolated DNA polymerases α and the DNA polymerase β from L5178y cells competitively with respect to the analogous substrate dTTP. The affinity of araTTP is higher to the DNA polymerase α than to the DNA polymerase β.The activity of mammalian DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I, II and III as well as the incorporation rate of a protein cellfree system is not affected by high doses of araTTP.     

松属植物种子油脂肪酸的分布及化学分类探讨

用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)方法分析了6种双维管束松亚属树种:赤松(Pinus densiflora Sieb.etZucc.)、黑松(P.thambergii Parl.)、油松(P.tabulaeformis Carr.)、巴山松(P.henryi Mast.)、黄山松(P.taiwanensis Hayata)、马尾松(P.massoniana Lamb.)和2种单维管束松亚属树种:白皮松(P.bungeanaZucc.)及红松(P.koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.)的种子油脂肪酸成分。结果表明这8种松属植物的种子油脂肪酸成分有相似的分布情况:最主要成分都是亚油酸C_(18:2(9,12));都同时含有3种Δ~5的不饱和脂肪酸:C_(18:2(5,9)),C_(18:3(5,9,12))和C_(20:3(5,11,14))。这两个特征可以作为松属(Pinus L.)的化学分类证据。结果还表明同一属内各种间的种子油脂肪酸成分无明显差别。