OB增效剂对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用

本文以OB作为斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒（Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus,SpltNPV）的增效剂,对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫进行生物测定,结果表明,在0．25％-1．00％的浓度范围内,随着OB增效剂浓度的提高,其对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用也随着提高,最高增效倍数达85．1倍;在2～4龄幼虫范围内,随着虫龄的增大,OB增效剂对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用也增加;而随着温度的升高,增效剂的增效作用无显著提高。     

淡足侧沟茧蜂对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的寄生选择性研究

应用2因素2次回归正交旋转组合设计研究了淡足侧沟茧蜂Microplitis pallidipes对甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura的寄生选择性,并建立了2种寄主共存时的被寄生模型.主效分析表明,甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾幼虫被寄生虫数均随寄主自身密度的增加而增加;淡足侧沟茧蜂对2种寄主无明显的选择性,对甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾幼虫共存时的选择寄生比率分别为0.5211、0.4788.在人工繁殖淡足侧沟茧蜂时,可以利用易于人工繁殖的斜纹夜蛾做为繁蜂寄主,提高淡足侧沟茧蜂的繁殖速度,降低繁蜂成本.在甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾发生期,可保护利用淡足侧沟茧蜂来控制蔬菜夜蛾.     

广藿香酮对斜纹夜蛾的拒食作用研究

广藿香酮Pogostone,是一种新型的、被认为具有应用潜力的植物源杀虫活性物质。为探明广藿香酮的杀虫活性,本试验以斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura作为试虫,采用选择性和非选择性拒食活性测定法,在室内分别测定了不同浓度的广藿香酮对斜纹夜蛾的拒食活性以及广藿香酮对不同龄期的斜纹夜蛾的拒食作用,研究结果表明,1 mg/mL、2 mg/mL、4 mg/mL、8 mg/mL、10 mg/mL的浓度下,广藿香酮对三龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫的选择性拒食率分别为56.5%、62.24%、80.01%、82.40%、90.03%;非选择性拒食率分别为62.48%、71.78%、84.15%、86.35%、92.71%。浓度为4 mg/mL的广藿香酮对2龄、3龄、4龄、5龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫的选择性拒食率分别为78.56%、80.25%、66.80%、40.35%;非选择性拒食活性分别为78.21%、83.02%、77.36%、40.24%。可见,浓度为4 mg/mL的广藿香酮对三龄斜纹夜蛾的拒食效果较好。     

核受体因子FTZ-F1在斜纹夜蛾响应虫螨腈及辛硫磷胁迫中的作用机制

【目的】本研究旨在揭示昆虫蜕皮激素信号通路上的关键核受体因子FTZ-F1在斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura响应虫螨腈和辛硫磷胁迫中的作用机制。【方法】使用生物信息学方法鉴定斜纹夜蛾FTZ-F1基因,并进行序列比对及系统发育树构建;将LC₃₀浓度辛硫磷和虫螨腈浸叶处理的桑叶分别喂食斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫,并分别收集取食药叶后1, 12, 24, 36和48 h时存活的幼虫,使用qRT-PCR技术检测幼虫体内SlFTZ-F1的表达水平;使用RNAi技术沉默SlFTZ-F1基因,并使用qRT-PCR技术检测注射dsRNA后SlFTZ-F1的表达水平;将LC₃₀浓度虫螨腈和辛硫磷浸叶处理的桑叶分别喂食沉默了SlFTZ-F1的斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫,喂食后24和48 h统计斜纹夜蛾幼虫死亡率;选取8个斜纹夜蛾谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(SlGST)基因,使用qRT-PCR技术检测沉默了SlFTZ-F1基因的斜纹夜蛾幼虫这些SlGST基因的表达水平。【结果】斜纹夜蛾SlFTZ-F1开放阅读框长1 665 bp,编码555个氨基酸,等电点为6.39,理论分子量61.77 kD,SlFTZ-F1具有DNA结合域、FTZ-F1 box及配体结合域;系统发育分析表明,SlFTZ-F1与草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的SfFTZ-F1聚为一个亚分支。与ddH₂O处理的对照相比,LC₃₀浓度虫螨腈处理后1, 24和36 h以及LC₃₀浓度辛硫磷处理后24和36 h,斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫SlFTZ-F1的表达量均显著上调。与注射dsGFP的对照组相比,斜纹夜蛾幼虫在注射dsSlFTZ-F1后48 h SlFTZ-F1基因的表达量显著下降;分别将LC₃₀浓度虫螨腈和辛硫磷处理的桑叶喂食沉默了SlFTZ-F1的斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫,48 h时与对照组相比斜纹夜蛾幼虫死亡率分别显著升高22%和28%;沉默SlFTZ-F1的斜纹夜蛾幼虫8个SlGST基因的表达量均显著下降。【结论】虫螨腈及辛硫磷显著诱导斜纹夜蛾幼虫SlFTZ-F1基因表达,沉默SlFTZ-F1后斜纹夜蛾幼虫对虫螨腈和辛硫磷的敏感性显著升高,解毒酶SlGST基因的表达受到显著抑制,说明发育相关的转录因子FTZ-F1在斜纹夜蛾响应常用杀虫剂胁迫中发挥了重要作用。     

SeMNPV两个分离株的生物活性比较及病毒杀虫剂的应用

本文对甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒的两个分离株(SeMNPV-M,SeMNPV-Z)的生物活性进行了比较,并对甜 菜夜蛾核多角体病毒杀虫悬浮剂的田间应用效果进行了评估。病毒生物测定结果显示,SeNPV-M和SeNPV-Z 感染三龄幼虫的半致死剂量(LD50)分别为195．8 PIBs／克饲料和242．4 PIBs／克饲料。使用6000PIB／克饲料的病 毒剂量感染三龄幼虫,其半致死时间(LT50)分别为3．50d和3．68d。甜菜夜蛾病毒杀虫悬浮剂已在工厂生产,田间 实验结果表明,甜菜夜蛾病毒杀虫悬浮剂可有效控制目标害虫的危害。     

四种鳞翅目害虫精氨酸激酶基因的表达谱及基于RNAi的功能分析

【目的】精氨酸激酶(arginine kinase, AK)(EC 2.7.3.3)是昆虫体内重要的磷酸原激酶(能量代谢调节因子),也是唯一能够形成有效ATP的磷酰基供体,起着与脊椎动物中肌酸激酶相同的作用。本研究旨在了解鳞翅目害虫AK基因的表达和功能。【方法】利用qRT-PCR方法测定AK基因在大螟Sesamia inferens、二化螟Chilo suppressalis、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua和斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura 这4种鳞翅目害虫不同发育阶段和3龄幼虫不同组织中的表达谱;通过终点法检测了这4种害虫不同发育阶段和幼虫不同组织中的AK酶活性;采用RNAi技术抑制该基因的表达并分析其功能。【结果】AK基因在大螟、二化螟、甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾这4种鳞翅目昆虫的不同发育阶段和3龄幼虫不同组织中均有表达,说明该基因的表达不具有发育时期和组织特异性。不同发育时期和3龄幼虫不同组织中AK酶活性与基因表达量变化趋势大体一致。注射以AK基因为靶标的dsRNA 6 d后,4种害虫体内AK基因的mRNA表达下降30%~50%,AK酶活性降低30%左右;14 d后幼虫的死亡率达50%左右,显著高于对照组幼虫的死亡率。【结论】AK基因在上述4种鳞翅目害虫中为组成型表达,RNAi抑制AK基因的表达可导致4种害虫的幼虫死亡,研究结果为开发以AK基因为靶标的鳞翅目害虫防治新技术提供了理论依据。     

甜菜夜蛾肽聚糖识别蛋白基因SePGRP-SA的克隆及功能鉴定

【目的】本研究旨在阐明甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua幼虫体内肽聚糖识别蛋白(peptidoglycan recognition protein, PGRP)在响应苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)感染过程中的功能。【方法】利用PCR方法扩增甜菜夜蛾幼虫肽聚糖识别蛋白基因SePGRP-SA全长cDNA;采用qRT-PCR分析SePGRP-SA在甜菜夜蛾不同发育阶段(卵、1-5龄幼虫、预蛹和蛹)及4龄幼虫不同组织(中肠、马氏管、围食膜、脂肪体、血淋巴和表皮)中的表达。通过RNAi技术沉默SePGRP-SA基因72 h后,qRT-PCR检测SePGRP-SA沉默效率及甜菜夜蛾4龄幼虫中肠抗菌肽相关基因(Ceropin, Attacin和Defensin)和细菌载量的变化。RNAi沉默SePGRP-SA 24 h后,以苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株Bt-GS57饲喂甜菜夜蛾4龄幼虫0, 24, 48, 72, 96和120 h,计算幼虫校正死亡率;饲喂甜菜夜蛾4龄幼虫Bt-GS57后0, 24, 48和72 h,利用qRT-PCR检测中肠SePGRP-SA, Ceropin, Attacin和Defensin的相对表达量。【结果】克隆获得甜菜夜蛾SePGRP-SA全长DNA(GenBank登录号：MW265930),开放阅读框长576 bp,编码191个氨基酸,其编码蛋白的预测分子量为21.59 kD。序列分析结果表明,SePGRP-SA具有典型的PGRP和Ami2保守结构域,信号肽为19个氨基酸,为分泌型蛋白;系统进化分析发现,SePGRP-SA与斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura的SlPGRP亲缘关系最近,氨基酸序列一致性达91.1%。发育表达谱结果表明SePGRP-SA在甜菜夜蛾4和5龄幼虫、预蛹和蛹中高表达;组织表达谱结果表明,SePGRP-SA在4龄幼虫各组织中均表达,其中以血淋巴中表达量最高。与注射dsEGFP(对照)相比,注射dsSePGRP-SA的甜菜夜蛾4龄幼虫在72 h时中肠SePGRP-SA基因表达量下调了95.26%,Cecropin, Attacin和Defensin表达量显著下调,中肠细菌载量显著升高。注射dsEGFP和dsSePGRP-SA的甜菜夜蛾4龄幼虫饲喂Bt-GS57,72 h时幼虫校正死亡率分别为50.00%和73.33%,表明幼虫对Bt-GS57的敏感性明显增加。甜菜夜蛾4龄幼虫取食Bt-GS57后,中肠SePGRP-SA, Cecropin, Attacin和Defensin表达量在48 h均显著增加,72 h时降低。【结论】Bt侵染能够引起甜菜夜蛾SePGRP SA基因激活抗菌肽相关基因Cecropin, Attacin和Defensin的表达。     

转Bt基因玉米对甜菜夜蛾幼虫存活和发育的影响

在室内测定了2种转Cry1Ab基因的Bt玉米MON810和Bt11不同组织对甜菜夜蛾 Spodoptera exigua （Hübner）初孵幼虫以及心叶对4龄幼虫存活和发育的影响,在田间比较了甜菜夜蛾幼虫取食Bt 和非Bt玉米雌穗的存活和为害情况。结果表明,转Cry1Ab基因的Bt玉米的不同组织对甜菜夜蛾初孵幼虫都具有明显的杀虫活性,取食Bt玉米心叶、苞叶、籽粒时甜菜夜蛾均在幼虫期死亡; 取食MON810和Bt11雄穗的初孵幼虫化蛹率分别为5.2%和2.1%,羽化率为2.1%和1.0%;取食MON810和Bt11花丝的初孵幼虫化蛹率分别为1.0%和2.1%,但不能羽化。4龄幼虫取食MON810玉米心叶的化蛹率与对照差异不显著,而取食Bt11的化蛹率与对照差异显著; 取食两种Bt玉米心叶的４龄幼虫化蛹后的雌、雄蛹重和羽化率与对照组差异显著,但蛹期和平均单雌产卵量差异不显著,虽然对照组羽化的成虫平均产卵量高于Bt玉米组。田间接种初孵幼虫10 天后的调查结果表明,在MON810和Bt11玉米花丝上幼虫存活率分别为1.3%和0.3%, 而对照组分别为12.9%和16.2%;MON810和Bt11玉米雌穗被害率分别为18.3%和5.0%,而对照组分别为93.3%和95.0%,均显著低于对照组。     

闹羊花素-Ⅲ对斜纹夜蛾和小菜蛾的杀虫活性研究

报道了闹羊花素 Ⅲ对斜纹夜蛾和小菜蛾的杀虫活性。结果表明 ,闹羊花素 Ⅲ对斜纹夜蛾 5龄幼虫处理后 2 4h、48h和 72h的拒食中浓度分别为 16 93μg·ml-1、19 31μg·ml-1和 16 96 μg·ml-1,10 0 μg·ml-1浓度的闹羊花素 Ⅲ处理斜纹夜蛾幼虫 ,幼虫的平均发育历期为 2 2 .36d ,存活率为39 72 % ,化蛹率为 33 95 % ,处理后 72h的雌蛹重为 0 .2 96 g/头 ,均明显低于对照。以 5 0 0 μg·ml-1浓度的闹羊花素 Ⅲ处理小菜蛾幼虫 ,1d后的拒食率为 70 43% ,处理后 5d的化蛹率为 16 6 7% ,羽化率为 6 6 6 7% ,均明显低于对照     

番荔枝内酯化合物布拉它辛对斜纹夜蛾的杀虫活性及对SL细胞的致凋亡作用

为了明确番荔枝内酯化合物布拉它辛的杀虫活性和探索杀虫作用机理,本研究采用浸叶法测定该化合物对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫的生物活性,采用MTT检测法和流式细胞术,研究该化合物对斜纹夜蛾离体培养卵巢细胞（SL细胞）的细胞毒力和致细胞凋亡作用,以及对SL细胞线粒体膜电位的影响。结果表明: 布拉它辛不仅对斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有良好的拒食活性,处理后24 h,对2龄和3龄幼虫的AFC₅₀值分别为60.25 μg/mL和86.73 μg/mL,还对幼虫生长有良好的抑制作用。布拉它辛处理SL细胞后24 h和48 h,IC50值分别为22.32 μg/mL和10.03 μg/mL。流式细胞仪检测结果表明,布拉它辛对SL细胞具有明显的致凋亡作用,可导致SL细胞线粒体膜电位显著下降。本研究表明布拉它辛对斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有良好的拒食活性与生长抑制作用, 并且该化合物能明显抑制SL细胞的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,降低线粒体膜电位。因此,布拉他辛具有广阔的研究应用前景。     

冬虫夏草寄主蝠蛾天然饲料珠芽蓼对小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾生长发育的影响

珠芽蓼Polygonum viviparum L.是冬虫夏草寄主蝠蛾的天然饲料,具有较高的药用、营养与饲用价值。本文分别于小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)与斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura Fabricius的人工饲料中添加5%、15%、25%的新鲜珠芽蓼根粉饲喂小菜蛾与斜纹夜蛾,测定了新鲜珠芽蓼根对小菜蛾与斜纹夜蛾生长发育与存活的影响。结果显示,珠芽蓼根对小菜蛾与斜纹夜蛾的1-4龄幼虫具有很强的生长抑制活性及毒杀活性,对斜纹夜蛾5龄幼虫具有明显的毒杀活性。     

Significance of penetration and metabolism on topical toxicity of diflubenzuron in Spodoptera littoralis and Spodoptera exigua

Toxicity assays indicated that when diflubenzuron (DFB) was topically applied on larvae of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval), and the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), estimated LD₅₀ values were similar, reaching 0.47 and 0.44 ng/larva, respectively. This study evaluated the importance of the rate of uptake and excretion, and of enzymatic metabolism in building up an insecticidal toxicity after topical application on the insect cuticle in both species. In general, penetration of DFB in S. littoralis was about 2-fold higher than in S. exigua, whereas metabolic breakdown was of minor importance in S. littoralis as compared with S. exigua. The current data indicate the importance of cuticle penetration and discuss that extrapolation from oral feeding toxicity results to topical toxicity data should be evaluated with caution, especially for insect growth regulators used in integrated pest management.     

Cry2Ab蛋白对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾低龄幼虫的抗性

【背景】在我国,由于Bt棉的种植,棉铃虫和红铃虫等靶标害虫得到了控制,但棉田其他鳞翅目害虫如甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的危害仍较严重。美国商业化种植的双价棉BollgardⅡ所表达的Cry2Ab蛋白不仅对棉铃虫有较好的控制效果,而且对甜菜夜蛾和草地贪夜蛾有较好的控制作用。因此,该双价棉在我国被环境释放前,有必要研究其对棉田其他鳞翅目害虫的影响。【方法】在人工饲料中分别添加质量浓度为1．25、2．5、5．0、10．0和20．0μg·g^-1的Cry2Ab蛋白,采用生物测定的方法,在室内研究了其对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾低龄幼虫存活率和体质量抑制率的影响。【结果】随着Cry2Ab蛋白浓度的增大,甜菜夜蛾初孵幼虫和1龄幼虫的存活率逐渐降低,2龄幼虫和3龄幼虫以及斜纹夜蛾各龄期幼虫的存活率在不同浓度处理下与对照差异均不显著。但与对照相比,高浓度处理对这2种害虫各龄期幼虫的体质量均有显著影响。【结论与意义】高浓度Cry2Ab蛋白（10．0和20．0μg·g^-1）对甜菜夜蛾低龄幼虫有较好的控制作用,但对斜纹夜蛾低龄幼虫的控制效果不太理想。这为该双价基因棉花在我国的推广提供了依据。     

杀菌剂丙环唑对斜纹夜蛾的毒性

在研究比较了11种农药对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura细胞（简称SL细胞）的毒杀活性基础上,选择毒杀活性最高的杀菌剂丙环唑,对其毒理学机理进行进一步研究。结果表明,丙环唑的细胞毒力最高,在100 μg/mL浓度下处理后48 h,SL细胞的死亡率为98.08％。处理后36 h,丙环唑对SL细胞的LC₅₀值为20.31 μg/mL。丙环唑能明显降低SL细胞的蛋白质含量。以0.5 μg/头的丙环唑注射斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫,处理后72 h,试虫血淋巴总含量及血细胞数分别下降了26.80％和25.26％;在1.0 μg/头的剂量下,则分别下降了37.67%和36.32%。以0.5 μg/头和1.0 μg/头的丙环唑注射处理后,斜纹夜蛾幼虫体重显著降低。此外,丙环唑能降低斜纹夜蛾幼虫血淋巴含糖量及血淋巴蛋白质含量。在注射处理后96 h和120 h,丙环唑对斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫的LD₅₀值分别为0.59 μg/头和0.45 μg/头。丙环唑对SL细胞和斜纹夜蛾幼虫均具有较好的毒杀活性,显示出丙环唑类似物控制害虫的可能性。     

Toxicity and characterization of cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 proteins for control of lepidopteran pests

Cry1Ac protoxin (the active insecticidal toxin in both Bollgard and Bollgard II cotton [Gossypium hirsutum L.]), and Cry2Ab2 toxin (the second insecticidal toxin in Bollgard II cotton) were bioassayed against five of the primary lepidopteran pests of cotton by using diet incorporation. Cry1Ac was the most toxic to Heliothis virescens (F.) and Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), demonstrated good activity against Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and had negligible toxicity against Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Cry2Ab2 was the most toxic to P. gossypiella and least toxic to S. frugiperda. Cry2Ab2 was more toxic to S. exigua and S. frugiperda than Cry1Ac. Of the three insect species most sensitive to both Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins (including H. zea), P. gossypiella was only three-fold less sensitive to Cry2Ab2 than Cry1Ac, whereas H. virescens was 40-fold less sensitive to Cry2Ab2 compared with CrylAc. Cotton plants expressing Cry1Ac only and both Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 proteins were characterized for toxicity against H. zea and S.frugiperda larvae in the laboratory and H. zea larvae in an environmental chamber. In no-choice assays on excised squares from plants of different ages, second instar H. zea larvae were controlled by Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab2 cotton with mortality levels of 90% and greater at 5 d compared with 30-80% mortality for Cry1Ac-only cotton, depending on plant age. Similarly, feeding on leaf discs from Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab2 cotton resulted in mortality of second instars of S.frugiperda ranging from 69 to 93%, whereas exposure to Cry1Ac-only cotton yielded 20-69% mortality, depending on plant age. When cotton blooms were infested in situ in an environmental chamber with neonate H. zea larvae previously fed on synthetic diet for 0, 24, or 48 h, 7-d flower abortion levels for Cry1Ac-only cotton were 15, 41, and 63%, respectively, whereas for Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab2 cotton, flower abortion levels were 0, 0, and 5%, respectively. Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 concentrations were measured within various cotton tissues of Cry1Ac-only and Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab2 plants, respectively, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Terminal leaves significantly expressed the highest, and large leaves, calyx, and bracts expressed significantly the lowest concentrations of Cry1Ac, respectively. Ovules expressed significantly the highest, and terminal leaves, large leaves, bracts, and calyx expressed significantly (P < 0.05) the lowest concentrations of Cry2Ab2. These results help explain the observed differences between Bollgard and Bollgard II mortality against the primary lepidopteran cotton pests, and they may lead to improved scouting and resistance management practices, and to more effective control of these pests with Bt transgenic crops in the future.     

Expression of a synthetic cry1EC gene for resistance against Spodoptera litura in transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) is a polyphagous foliage insect and a major pest on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). S. litura is susceptible to the chimeric delta-endotoxin Cry1EC reported earlier. De-embryonated cotyledon explants of peanut were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 harboring a synthetic cry1EC gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. Transgenic plants of peanut with a single copy insertion of cry1EC were selected in the T(0) generation by Southern blot hybridization. Real-time PCR, Western blot and ELISA analysis indicated that expression of the cry1EC gene was higher in single copy T(1) plants. Immunoassay showed expression of Cry1EC up to 0.13% of total soluble protein in T(1) plants. Leaf feeding bioassay on highly expressing transgenic lines showed 100% killing of larvae at the 2(nd) instar stage of S. litura. This is the first report of transgenic peanut plants with resistance to S. litura.     

甜菜夜蛾类钙粘蛋白基因全长cDNA的克隆及序列分析

昆虫中肠膜上的类钙粘蛋白(cadherin-like protein)是Bt毒素的一类重要受体,它与Bt毒素对昆虫的杀虫作用机制以及昆虫对Bt毒素的抗性等密切相关。本研究根据已报道的其它昆虫的类钙粘蛋白基因的保守区设计简并引物,应用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆了迁飞性重要害虫甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)类钙粘蛋白基因全长cDNA序列(命名为SeCAD,GenBank登录号为HQ647122),全长5582bp,编码1739个氨基酸,推导的氨基酸序列包括1个信号肽、1个前蛋白区、11个钙粘蛋白重复、1个近膜区、1个跨膜区和1个胞质区。预测的分子量和等电点分别为196.447ku和4.47。该蛋白与同科的大螟Sesamia inferens、蛀茎夜蛾S.nonagrioides、烟芽夜蛾Heliothi svirescens、烟夜蛾Helicover paassulta亲缘关系更近,氨基酸序列一致性分别为61.28%、60.34%、60.14%、60.08%。这些结果对于揭示转Bt基因作物对非靶标、迁飞性甜菜夜蛾的杀虫作用机制以及评价其潜在的对Bt毒素抗性机制等奠定了基础。     

Effects of Transgenic Petunia Expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin on Selected Lepidopteran Pests

Toxicity of 11 transgenic petunia lines expressing the CryIA (c) insecticidal crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp . kurstaki was investigated using lepidopteran neonates Spodoptera exigua, Trichoplusia ni and Manduca sexta. Mortality of S. exigua, T. ni and M. sexta varied within and among transgenic petunia lines . Bioassay results demonstrated that levels of CryIA (c) expression obtained in 7 out of the 11 transgenic petunia lines produced at least 50% mortality in S. exigua and T. ni, and all 11 transgenic lines produced more than 80% mortality in M. sexta. Demographic analysis of the biological impact of transgenic petunia on S. exigua revealed that sub - lethal feeding on transgenic petunia significantly reduced larval weight and prolonged larval and pupal development times . Continuous feeding on transgenic petunia significantly reduced lifetime fecundity , egg hatch and longevity in female and male moths . Compared with insects fed continuously on non - transgenic petunia , lifetime fecundity and net reproductive rate were reduced by 58 and 84% in insects fed continuously on transgenic petunia respectively . Mean generation time was 8 days longer for insects fed continuously on transgenic petunia than for insects fed on non - transgenic petunia . Ovipositional attractiveness of transgenic petunia to S. exigua with respect to non - transgenic tomato or lettuce plants was similar , suggesting that petunia / tomato and petunia / lettuce may not be effective trap - cropping combinations . The potential and implications of using transgenic petunia as trap plants interplanted with crop plants for management of lepidopteran pests in the field are discussed .     

斜纹夜蛾种群控制的研究概况

斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)是重要的农业害虫之一。为了控制斜纹夜蛾,使农作物免受危害,前人研究了化学防治、杀虫灯和性诱捕器诱杀、植物诱集和驱避、转基因抗虫品种以及生物防治对其种群控制作用。化学防治在压制斜纹夜蛾种群暴发、减轻农作物遭受损失方面作出了巨大贡献,但日益增强的抗药性、农药残留造成的环境污染、对天敌的杀伤和人畜安全的影响等问题不断受到关注,人们开始对该害虫的一些新的治理策略进行了探讨。在这些无公害的控制技术中,植物诱集和生物防治是2种值得提倡的有效措施。不少植物源提取物和昆虫生长调节剂对斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有极好的效果,是值得研发的2种新型生物制剂。香芋和蓖麻等诱集作物对斜纹夜蛾有较好的诱集效果,如果能将作物诱集和释放天敌昆虫或病原微生物制剂结合,使之成为一套有效的生态控制体系,将可现实斜纹夜蛾种群的持续控制。     

Survival and development of Campoletis chlorideae on various insect and crop hosts: implications for Bt-transgenic crops

Abstract:  The parasitic wasp, Campoletis chlorideae is an important larval parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera a serious pest of cotton, grain legumes and cereals. Large-scale deployment of Bt -transgenic crops with resistance to H. armigera may have potential consequences for the development and survival of C. chlorideae . Therefore, we studied the tritrophic interactions of C. chlorideae involving eight insect host species and six host crops under laboratory conditions. The recovery of H. armigera larvae following release was greater on pigeonpea and chickpea when compared with cotton, groundnut and pearl millet. The parasitism by C. chlorideae females was least with reduction in cocoon formation and adult emergence on H. armigera larvae released on chickpea. Host insects also had significant effect on the development and survival of C. chlorideae . The larval period of C. chlorideae was prolonged by 2–3 days on Spodoptera exigua , Mythimna separata and Achaea janata when compared with H. armigera , Helicoverpa assulta and Spodoptera litura . Maximum cocoon formation and adult emergence were recorded on H. armigera (82.4% and 70.5%, respectively) than on other insect hosts. These studies have important implications on development and survival of C. chlorideae on alternate insect hosts on non-transgenic crop plants, when there is paucity of H. armigera larvae on transgenic crops expressing Bt -toxins.