维甲酸对人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞增殖和相关基因表达的影响

目的:研究维甲酸对人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞增殖和相关基因表达的影响,以探索其对成骨肉瘤细胞的生物学效应.方法:以1μmol/L维甲酸处理人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞,生长曲线测定,流式细胞仪分析、光镜观察和免疫细胞化学检测等研究维甲酸对MG-63细胞的生长曲线、细胞周期和相关癌基因、抑癌基因表达的影响,并对其作用机理进行初步分析.结果:维甲酸处理7天后,MG-63细胞生长抑制率达到42.2%,G0/G1期比例达到61.8%,细胞形态铺展,排列趋于规则,癌基因c-myc、c-fos的表达降低.而抑癌基因Rb、p27表达上调.结论:1μmol/L维甲酸可以有效抑制细胞的增殖活动,改变细胞恶性形态特征,下调癌基因c-myc、c-fos和上调抑癌基因Rb、p27的表达,从而对人成骨肉瘤细胞分化具有诱导作用.     

The Imprinted Gene PEG3 Inhibits Wnt Signaling and Regulates Glioma Growth

The imprinted gene PEG3 confers parenting and sexual behaviors, alters growth and development, and regulates apoptosis. However, a molecular mechanism that can account for the diverse functions of Peg3/Pw1 is not known. To elucidate Peg3-regulated pathways, we performed a functional screen in zebrafish. Enforced overexpression of PEG3 mRNA during zebrafish embryogenesis decreased β-catenin protein expression and inhibited Wnt-dependent tail development. Peg3/Pw1 also inhibited Wnt signaling in human cells by binding to β-catenin and promoting its degradation via a p53/Siah1-dependent, GSK3β-independent proteasomal pathway. The inhibition of the Wnt pathway by Peg3/Pw1 suggested a role in tumor suppression. Hypermethylation of the PEG3 promoter in primary human gliomas led to a loss of imprinting and decreased PEG3 mRNA expression that correlated with tumor grade. The decrease in Peg3/Pw1 protein expression increased β-catenin, promoted proliferation, and inhibited p53-dependent apoptosis in human CD133⁺ glioma stem cells. Thus, mammalian imprinting utilizes Peg3/Pw1 to co-opt the Wnt pathway, thereby regulating development and glioma growth.     

EGFR/MAPK Signaling Regulates the Proliferation of Drosophila Renal and Nephric Stem Cells

Tissue homeostasis,accomplished through the self-renewal and differentiation of resident stem cells,is critical for the maintenance of adult tissues throughout an animal's lifetime.Adult Drosoplula Malpighian tubules(MTs or fly kidney) are maintained by renal and nephric stem cells(RNSCs) via self-renewing divisions,however,it is unclear how RNSC proliferation and differentiation are regulated.Here we show that EGFR/MAPK signaling is dispensable for RNSC maintenance,but required for RNSC proliferation in vivo.Inactivation of the EGFR/MAPK pathway blocks or greatly retards RNSC cell cycle progression:conversely,over-activation of EGFR/MAPK signaling results in RNSC over-proliferation and disrupts the normal differentiation of renablasts(RBs),the immediate daughters of RNSC divisions.Our data further suggest that EGFR/MAPK signaling functions independently of JAK/STAT signaling and that dMyc and CycE partially mediate EGFR/MAPK signaling in MTs.Together,our data suggest a principal role of EGFR/MAPK signaling in regulating RNSC proliferation,which may provide important clues for understanding mammalian kidney repair and regeneration following injury.     

秦皮素通过抑制EGFR及其下游AKT信号通路抑制MCF-7细胞增殖及迁移

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)是细胞内多种信号调节通路的交汇点,其介导的信号通路与乳腺癌的发生、发展、转移和侵袭等密切相关,已成为乳腺癌治疗的新靶点之一。但目前关于秦皮素的抗乳腺癌作用与EGFR通路的关系,国内外尚未见相关报道。本研究结果表明,秦皮素能够通过抑制EGFR及其下游的AKT信号通路来发挥其抗乳腺癌作用。秦皮素在体外可促进T、B 淋巴细胞增殖及巨噬细胞吞噬能力,提示秦皮素可能促进小鼠免疫功能。Western印迹结果表明,秦皮素能显著抑制EGFR蛋白及其下游的AKT蛋白磷酸化水平。划痕实验结果表明,秦皮素能抑制MCF-7细胞的迁移。此外,秦皮素还能促进小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬能力和代谢活力,促进T、B淋巴细胞的增殖,提高NK细胞的杀伤活力。本研究结果提示,秦皮素的抗乳腺癌作用是通过抑制EGFR信号通路,抑制MCF-7细胞迁移和促进小鼠的免疫功能等多种途径来实现的。     

Baohuoside I Inhibits the Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Apoptosis Signaling and NF-kB Pathway

Baohuoside I is a flavonoid isolated from Epimedium koreanum Nakai and has many pharmacological activities. However, its role in liver cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Baohuoside I on the Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) cell lines QGY7703, and underlying mechanisms. QGY7703 cells were used as the model to assess the function of Baohuoside I in vitro. The effects of Baohuoside I on QGY7703 cells’ growth, proliferation, and invasiveness were confirmed by CCK-8, lactate dehydrogenase release, and invasion assays. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the levels of cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were quantified by western blot. Western blot analysis, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and Q-PCR were used to measure the expression of affected molecules. In QGY7703 cells, Baohuoside I induced the expression of molecules related to NF-κB pathway. The toxicity of Baohuoside I on QGY7703 cells was also confirmed in vivo, in a tumor model. Baohuoside I had a significant toxic effect on QGY7703 cells from a concentration of 10 μM. This compound significantly inhibited the proliferation of QGY7703 cells by inducing apoptosis and downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, Baohuoside I is a novel candidate drug and opens new possibilities of clinical strategies for HCC treatment.     

MiR-133b Is Down-Regulated in Human Osteosarcoma and Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cells Proliferation,Migration and Invasion,and Promotes Apoptosis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) decrease the expression of specific target oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes and thereby play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and tumor growth. To date, the potential miRNAs regulating osteosarcoma growth and progression are not fully identified yet. In this study, the miRNA microarray assay and hierarchical clustering analysis were performed in human osteosarcoma samples. In comparison with normal human skeletal muscle, 43 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in human osteosarcomas (fold change ≥2 and p≤0.05). Among these miRNAs, miR-133a and miR-133b expression was decreased by 135 folds and 47 folds respectively and the decreased expression was confirmed in both frozen and paraffin-embedded osteosarcoma samples. The miR-133b precursor expression vector was then transfected into osteosarcoma cell lines U2-OS and MG-63, and the stable transfectants were selected by puromycin. We found that stable over-expression of miR-133b in osteosarcoma cell lines U2-OS and MG-63 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and induced apoptosis. Further, over-expression of miR-133b decreased the expression of predicted target genes BCL2L2, MCL-1, IGF1R and MET, as well as the expression of phospho-Akt and FAK. This study provides a new insight into miRNAs dysregulation in osteosarcoma, and indicates that miR-133b may play as a tumor suppressor gene in osteosarcoma.     

羽扇豆醇通过抑制RhoA-ROCK1信号通路抑制结肠癌细胞增殖

该文探讨了羽扇豆醇(Lupeol)对人结肠癌HCT116和SW620细胞增殖的影响及相关作用机制。使用不同浓度的Lupeol处理HCT116和SW620细胞后,用MTT法检测细胞活性,CCK8法检测细胞增殖能力,平板克隆实验检测细胞克隆形成能力,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡,(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)和Western blot检测相应mRNA和蛋白表达水平,免疫荧光检测β-Catenin蛋白细胞内分布情况。通过构建shRNA敲低两种结肠癌细胞中RhoA,进一步研究Lupeol影响细胞增殖的分子机制。结果显示,Lupeol处理后,HCT116和SW620细胞增殖能力明显下降,克隆形成能力受到抑制,细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期,细胞内RhoA、ROCK1、β-Catenin、Cyclin D1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著下降,β-Catenin蛋白胞质和胞膜上分布减少。敲低RhoA后抑制了细胞增殖,同时使得RhoA-ROCK1-β-Catenin信号通路蛋白受到抑制,β-Catenin蛋白胞质和胞膜上分布减少。综上所述,Lupeol可通过抑制RhoA-ROCK1信号通路,抑制β-Catenin蛋白表达,进而抑制HCT116和SW620细胞增殖,Lupeol有望成为临床结肠癌治疗的新药物。     

Global Gene Expression Analysis of Canine Osteosarcoma Stem Cells Reveals a Novel Role for COX-2 in Tumour Initiation

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumour of both children and dogs. It is an aggressive tumour in both species with a rapid clinical course leading ultimately to metastasis. In dogs and children distant metastasis occurs in >80% of individuals treated by surgery alone. Both canine and human osteosarcoma has been shown to contain a sub-population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which may drive tumour growth, recurrence and metastasis, suggesting that naturally occurring canine osteosarcoma could act as a preclinical model for the human disease. Here we report the successful isolation of CSCs from primary canine osteosarcoma, as well as established cell lines. We show that these cells can form tumourspheres, and demonstrate relative resistance to chemotherapy. We demonstrate similar results for the human osteosarcma cell lines, U2OS and SAOS2. Utilizing the Affymetrix canine microarray, we are able to definitively show that there are significant differences in global gene expression profiles of isolated osteosarcoma stem cells and the daughter adherent cells. We identified 13,221 significant differences (p = 0.05), and significantly, COX-2 was expressed 141-fold more in CSC spheres than daughter adherent cells. To study the role of COX-2 expression in CSCs we utilized the COX-2 inhibitors meloxicam and mavacoxib. We found that COX-2 inhibition had no effect on CSC growth, or resistance to chemotherapy. However inhibition of COX-2 in daughter cells prevented sphere formation, indicating a potential significant role for COX-2 in tumour initiation.     

COX10-AS1 Facilitates Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Cell Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cells at Post-Transcription Level

Neurochemical Research - Glioblastoma (GBM) is an invasive cancer with poor prognosis in patients. Researching on molecular functions in GBM has attracted more and more attention. Actin gamma 1...     

Regulation of Osteoblast Gene Expression in Intratypic Osteosarcoma Hybrid Cells

Intratypic osteosarcoma hybrids were constructed by fusing the human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma SaOS-2 with the rat osteoblast-like osteosarcoma UMR-106. Both of these osteosarcomas express liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), but only the UMR-106 cell line expresses osteopontin (OPN), a gene expressed during later stages of osteoblast differentiation. Analysis of osteoblast gene expression in these hybrids demonstrated that ALPL continued to be expressed; however, OPN steady-state mRNA levels were dramatically reduced in four hybrids. Quantitative measurements indicated theft OPN steady-state mRNA levels were extinguished by a factor of 20- to 1000-fold. Since SaOS-2 chromosomes are preferentially lost from these hybrids, subclones of extinguished hybrids were isolated that reexpressed OPN mRNA at levels similar to the UMR-106 parental line. These data indicate that trans-acting negative regulatory factors, expressed from the SaOS-2 genome, are responsible for OPN extinction. This report provides the first demonstration of the negative regulation of OPN gene expression and also provides additional evidence that extinction plays a role in the regulation of osteoblast gene expression.     

犬α干扰素基因的高效表达及其活性测定

以伴刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)诱导的犬外周血淋巴细胞中提取的总RNA为模板,通过RT PCR的方法克隆扩增出犬α干扰素基因,将所扩增基因克隆于原核表达载体pBV220 并进行测序,结果显示该基因与GenBank上所公布的犬α干扰素基因同源性为100%。将重组表达载体转入宿主菌进行温敏诱导表达,表达产物经SDS PAGE分析,证明目的蛋白以包涵体的形式存在,大小约为19kDa。将表达产物变性、复性、透析、纯化处理后加入犬肾细胞上,用水泡性口炎病毒攻毒,测出重组的CaIFN α具有较高的抗病毒作用,生物活性达到5.11×106 ∪/ ,重组蛋白质的含量约为13 /L。     

犬α干扰素基因的高效表达及其活性测定

以伴刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)诱导的犬外周血淋巴细胞中提取的总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR的方法克隆扩增出犬α干扰素基因,将所扩增基因克隆于原核表达载体pBV220并进行测序,结果显示该基因与GenBank上所公布的犬α干扰素基因同源性为100%.将重组表达载体转入宿主菌进行温敏诱导表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析,证明目的蛋白以包涵体的形式存在,大小约为19kDa.将表达产物变性、复性、透析、纯化处理后加入犬肾细胞上,用水泡性口炎病毒攻毒,测出重组的CaIFN-α具有较高的抗病毒作用,生物活性达到5.11×10 6∪/㎎,重组蛋白质的含量约为13㎎/L.     

TDIF Peptide Signaling Regulates Vascular Stem Cell Proliferation via the WOX4 Homeobox Gene in Arabidopsis

The indeterminate nature of plant growth and development depends on the stem cell system found in meristems. The Arabidopsis thaliana vascular meristem includes procambium and cambium. In these tissues, cell–cell signaling, mediated by a ligand-receptor pair made of the TDIF (for tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor) peptide and the TDR/PXY (for TDIF RECEPTOR/ PHLOEM INTERCALATED WITH XYLEM) membrane protein kinase, promotes proliferation of procambial cells and suppresses their xylem differentiation. Here, we report that a WUSCHEL-related HOMEOBOX gene, WOX4, is a key target of the TDIF signaling pathway. WOX4 is expressed preferentially in the procambium and cambium, and its expression level was upregulated upon application of TDIF in a TDR-dependent manner. Genetic analyses showed that WOX4 is required for promoting the proliferation of procambial/cambial stem cells but not for repressing their commitment to xylem differentiation in response to the TDIF signal. Thus, at least two intracellular signaling pathways that diverge after TDIF recognition by TDR might regulate independently the behavior of vascular stem cells. Detailed observations in loss-of-function mutants revealed that TDIF-TDR-WOX4 signaling plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the vascular meristem organization during secondary growth.