昆虫病毒表达关系的模型建立

昆虫杆状病毒作为生物杀虫剂以及在基因治疗方面的应用有着独特的优越性,而昆虫杆状病毒表达系统(BEVS)也是当今基因工程领域四大表达系统之一,得到广泛的应用.在我们对部分昆虫杆状病毒分子生物学已有较深入认知的情况下,研究其病毒表达系统及生物过程,将有助于我们有效地利用其优越的性能,开拓新的实用价值.类病毒颗粒(Virus...     

Improved Production Efficiency of Virus-Like Particles by the Baculovirus Expression Vector System

Vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) have proven effective in humans and animals. In this regard, the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is one of the technologies of choice to generate such highly immunogenic vaccines. The extended use of these vaccines for human and animal populations is constrained because of high production costs, therefore a significant improvement in productivity is crucial to ensure their commercial viability. Here we describe the use of the previously described baculovirus expression cassette, called TB, to model the production of two VLP-forming vaccine antigens in insect cells. Capsid proteins from porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2 Cap) and from the calicivirus that causes rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHDV VP60) were expressed in insect cells using baculoviruses genetically engineered with the TB expression cassette. Productivity was compared to that obtained using standard counterpart vectors expressing the same proteins under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Our results demonstrate that the use of the TB expression cassette increased the production yields of these vaccine antigens by around 300% with respect to the standard vectors. The recombinant proteins produced by TB-modified vectors were fully functional, forming VLPs identical in size and shape to those generated by the standard baculoviruses, as determined by electron microscopy analysis. The use of the TB expression cassette implies a simple modification of the baculovirus vectors that significantly improves the cost efficiency of VLP-based vaccine production, thereby facilitating the commercial viability and broad application of these vaccines for human and animal health.     

Effect of Temporal Expression of Integral Membrane Proteins by Baculovirus Expression Vector System

Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) are popular target for drugs, but their resolved structures have been overlooked when compared with cytosolic proteins. The main reason is that IMPs usually need intensive post-translational modifications and they are bound to membranes, which increase the complexity of purifying or crystalizing them. Although different expression systems are used to express IMPs, baculovirus is considered one of the most successful expression systems for those proteins. Despite that, there are always unknown discrepancies in the level of IMPs expression in the baculovirus expression system. Retrospective studies have shown that expression of an immunoglobulin (anti-Chymase mouse monoclonal IgG1) driven by vp39 promoter was more efficient compared to its expression under polyhedrin (polh) promoter; however, this conclusion was not tested on different IMPs to generalize such a conclusion. In this study, the expression of eight different IMPs has been compared under vp39 and polh promoters of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus. Although different IMPs have shown different patterns of expression, the expression driven by vp39 promoter was found to be generally more efficient than the polh promoter.     

用杆状病毒-昆虫细胞系统表达、纯化重组的人源化氨基末端LBP

根据已有的资料显示LBP与LPS的结合位点位于其氨基末端的第 91～ 1 0 0个氨基酸残基。在体外构建含有人LBP与LPS结合活性部分的穿梭质粒pBacmidtLBP ,并且带上 6×his的标签 ,用此穿梭质粒转染sf2 1昆虫细胞 ,获得重组病毒。然后用重组病毒液感染对数生长期的sf2 1昆虫细胞 ,72h后收获含有这种截断型人源化氨基末端LBP-(NH-LBP)的培养上清。用金属亲和树脂纯化后 ,采用SDS-PAGE电泳以及Western-Blot鉴定所得到的纯化物。成功获得相对分子质量约为 30 0 0 0的NH-LBP。为进一步研究LBP在介导LPS活化靶细胞中的作用机制奠定了基础。     

铜绿蝇蜕皮激素受体在杆状病毒载体系统中的表达

The baculovirus expression vector, Trichoplusia ni nucleopolyhedrovirus, with the advantage of polyhedral inclusion body formation in recombinant viruses, was used to express the ecdysteroid receptor of the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina(LcEcR). pSXIVVI +X3/2 baculovirus transfer vector was chosen for a 2.8kb LcEcR cDNA subcloning since pSXIVVI +X3/2 contains an efficient translational initiation signal (ATG) and it allows the LcEcR cDNA fusion to N-terminal codons in the correct reading frame. The resulting transfer plasmid pSXIVVI +X3-LcEcR was cotransfected into BT1-Tn-5B1-4 cells with the parental virus TnNPV-SVI -G minus polyhedral inclusion body, which expresses β-galactosidase gene. After 3～4 runs of plaque purification, three TnNPV-LcEcR clones were obtained with the LcEcR gene under the dual control of synthetic and XIV promoters. These three TnNPV-LcEcR clones all showed white phenotype when stained with X-gal. Western blot analysis showed 2～3 specific polypeptides with molecular weight ranging from 70～90kD. Three TnNPV-LcEcR clones expressed different level of LcEcR polypeptides in BT1-Tn-5B1-4 cells. The TnNPV-LcEcR-1 clone expressed the highest level of LcEcR polypeptides in BT1-Tn-5B1-4 cells 48～72h post infection.     

猪生长激素基因在杆状病毒载体系统中的表达

通过对猪生长激素（ｐＧＨ）基因的ｃＤＮＡ进行测序,得到ｐＧＨｃＤＮＡ的全序列,并与Ｓｅｅｂｕｒｇ等报道的序列进行了比较和讨论。然后利用具人工合成启动子和多角体蛋白ＸＩＶ启动子的转移载体质粒ｐＳＸＩＶＶＩ＾＋Ｘ３／４构建出含ｐＧＨ基因的重组质粒ｐＸ３／４－ｐＧＨ。将ｐＸ３／４－ｐＧＨ与致死缺失型线性化ＡｃＭＮＰＶ－ＯＣＣ＾－ＤＮＡ共转染Ｓｆ９细胞,构建出既能形成多角体又能表达ｐＧＨ基因的苜蓿丫纹夜蛾     

猪生长激素基因在杆状病毒载体系统中的表达

通过对猪生长激素(pGH)基因的cDNA进行测序,得到pGH cDNA的全序列,并与Seeburg等报道的序列进行了比较和讨论.然后利用具人工合成启动子和多角体蛋白XIV启动子的转移载体质粒pSXIVVI+X3/4构建出含pGH基因的重组质粒pX3/4-pGH.将pX3/4-pGH与致死缺失型线性化AcMNPV-OCC- DNA共转染Sf9细胞,构建出既能形成多角体又能表达pGH基因的苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核多角体重组病毒AcMNPV-pX3/4-pGH-OCC+.感染重组毒株的Hi 5细胞可溶蛋白及其培养上清的SDS-PAGE和Western blot的分析结果表明,感染细胞的蛋白电泳带的20.7 kDa处有一条猪生长激素特异带,但培养上清中没有.凝胶黑度扫描估测结果显示pGH蛋白占细胞可溶蛋白的4.48%.     

昆虫保幼激素促进家蚕杆状病毒系统的基因表达

杆状病毒表达载体系统(Baculovirus Expression VecterSvstem,BEVS)的一个最大优点是外源基因的高效表达(Hy-perexpression).但是,不同的外源基因在BEVS系统中的表达水平相差很大,较低的如α-干扰素,表达量为1～5mg/L培养细胞;高的如β-半乳糖苷酶,表达量可达600mg/L培养细胞.外源基因在BEVS系统中表达量受到诸多因素的影响,如细胞的类型与质量,外源基因蛋白的性质,启动子序列的完整性,是否为融合蛋白等[1].如何使外源基因在BEVS系统中高效表达,是近年来该领域中研究最活跃的方向之一.已证实家蚕杆状病毒的表达量受宿主遗传型的影响,最低和最高的遗传型相差达7倍以上[2].林水中等发现家蚕饲料中添食适当浓度的硫酸铜可提高外源基因单位表达量10%左右[3].杆状病毒在复制循环中表现出两种类型:芽生病毒和包涵体病毒,其中芽生病毒引起宿主体内不同组织间的感染,包涵体病毒则引起宿主之间感染[1].杆状病毒基因组中蜕皮激素尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖基转移酶(egt)基因影响激素在宿主体内的平衡[4],egt基因通过糖基化作用使蜕皮激素失活,打破宿主体内的激素平衡,延长幼虫期,以利于病毒的增殖[5].家蚕血淋巴中保幼激素(Juvenile hormone,JH)的滴度同样决定着幼虫发育的进程[6],本文通过体表使用保幼激素,以研究保幼激素对家蚕核型多角体病毒和宿主之间的相互关系及对外源基因表达量的影响.     

HBV pre-c-Fc融合蛋白在杆状病毒表达系统中的表达及其生物学活性研究

目的:在杆状病毒表达系统中表达融合蛋白乙型肝炎病毒前C蛋白-小鼠IgG Fc蛋白(HBV precore protein-mouse IgG Fc,HBV pre-c-Fc),并鉴定其免疫原性。方法:目的基因HBV prec-Fc连接到pFastBac1载体,获得的pFastBac1-HBV pre-c-Fc质粒转化DH10Bac感受态,通过Tn7转座子将目的基因转座到Bacmid中,得到Bacmid-HBV pre-c-Fc穿梭载体,脂质体包被后转染Sf9昆虫细胞获得P1代病毒,重复转染Sf9获得高滴度病毒。收集细胞上清超滤后通过Protein G亲和层析柱纯化得到目的蛋白HBV pre-c-Fc。纯化的蛋白大腿内侧肌肉注射免疫BALB/c小鼠并检测血清中乙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白抗体产生量。结果:HBV pre-c-Fc在昆虫细胞中成功表达,纯化后蛋白纯度达90%以上,蛋白产量约为3.03mg/L,纯化蛋白能有效刺激BALB/c小鼠产生特异抗体。结论:成功地在杆状病毒表达系统中表达了具有免疫原性的HBV pre-c-Fc蛋白,为生产乙肝治疗性疫苗奠定了基础。     

昆虫细胞—杆状病毒表达系统表达尿激酶原

在转瓶和２Ｌ搅拌反应器中,利用重组杆状病毒ＡｃＮＰＶ感染ｓｆ９昆虫细胞表达尿激酶原。在转瓶中,细胞接毒密度１２×１０６／ｍＬ、ＭＯＩ＝３０时,尿激酶原活性达到１０６５ＩＵ／ｍＬ。研究了尿激酶原表达过程中葡萄糖、乳酸的代谢变化。实验结果表明细胞状态对尿激酶原的表达水平有显著影响。     

表达乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原基因又形成多角体的杆状病毒

用形成包含体(OCC~+)并能利用人工合成启动序列和多角体XIV启动子表达外源基因的转移载体质粒pSXIVVI~+X3,将乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)基因和多角体基因同时插入无包含体的粉纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒TnNPV-SVI-G基因组中,得到表达HBsAg基因又形成包含体(多角体)的重组毒侏TnNPV-HBs85-OCC~+。与利用野生型多角体启动子表达HBsAg基因的无包含体毒株TnNPV-HBsD4不同,TnNPV-HBs85-OCC~+由于具包含体,能以口服方式大规模感染粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)幼虫,且HBsAg基因在草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)离体细胞中的表达量要比前者高约37％,在虫体中的表达则更高。     

用杆状病毒载体在家蚕细胞中表达HBeAg基因

以ＰＣＲ技术扩增含有ＰｒｅＣ信号肽序列及完整的ＨＢｅＡｇ基因的序列（即ＨＢｃＡｇ基因５′端４４７ｂｐ）,在５′端加上合适的酶切位点,克隆到家蚕核多角体病毒转移载体ｐＢｍ０３０上,与野生型ＢｍＮＰＶＤＮＡ共转染家蚕ＢｍＮ细胞,空斑纯化后得到多角体基因失活的重组病毒。ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定表明培养液上清中ＨＢｅＡｇ效价达１∶３２０００,细胞内ＨＢｅＡｇ效价为１∶２０００,培养液及细胞内的ＨＢｃＡｇ含量极低（＜１∶１６０）。研究结果表明,ＢｍＮ细胞能正确识别与切割ＨＢｅＡｇ信号肽序列,所表达的ＨＢｅＡｇ效价高,纯度好,明显优于大肠杆菌表达系统     

Expression of Rat CTP:Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase in Insect Cells Using a Baculovirus Vector

CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) is a key regulatory enzyme in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. We constructed a recombinant baculovirus (bCT) containing rat CT cDNA under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Crude cell extracts of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with bCT possessed 250-fold higher specific activities for CT compared to rat liver cytosol, and CT protein constituted 3-6% of the total cellular protein. The 42-kDa form of CT predicted from the cDNA sequence was the first immunoreactive CT protein detected at Day 2 after infection and this form continued to accumulate until Day 5. On Day 3 following infection, a 37-kDa protein immunologically related to CT began to accumulate, indicating that CT was being degraded. The active, 42-kDa form of CT was purified to homogeneity in a single step using hydroxyapatite chromatography. Antibodies raised against recombinant CT were employed to quantitatively extract and assay CT activity in mammalian cell lines. The baculovirus expression system is suitable for the preparation of large amounts of protein for investigating the structure, function, and regulation of CT.     

The Influence of SV40 polyA on Gene Expression of Baculovirus Expression Vector Systems

The simian virus 40 polyadenylation signal (SV40 polyA) has been routinely inserted downstream of the polyhedrin promoter in many baculovirus expression vector systems (BEVS). In the baculovirus prototype Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), the polyhedrin promoter (very late promoter) transcribes its gene by a viral RNA polymerase therefore there is no supporting evidence that SV40 polyA is required for the proper gene expression under the polyhedrin promoter. Moreover, the effect of the SV40 polyA sequence on the polyhedrin promoter activity has not been tested either at its natural polyhedrin locus or in other loci in the viral genome. In order to test the significance of adding the SV40 polyA sequence on gene expression, the expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) was evaluated with and without the presence of SV40 polyA under the control of the polyhedrin promoter at different genomic loci (polyherin, ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (egt), and gp37). In this study, spectrofluorometry and western blot showed reduction of EGFP protein for all recombinant viruses with SV40 polyA, whereas qPCR showed an increase in the egfp mRNA levels. Therefore, we conclude that SV40 polyA increases mRNA levels but decreases protein production in the BEVS when the polyhedrin promoter is used at different loci. This work suggests that SV40 polyA in BEVSs should be replaced by an AcMNPV late gene polyA for optimal protein production or left untouched for optimal RNA production (RNA interference applications).     

一种新的双元表达质粒pCMV-Myc-IRES-EGFP的构建及其表达

为了研究基因的特征、理化特性及其功能机制,通常需要构建多个真核表达载体,涉及到多次的引物设计、酶切、连接和鉴定等繁琐的亚克隆过程。构建携带易于多种实验研究的多用或通用载体是基因工程载体的发展方向。为此,利用pIRES载体为骨架质粒,在A和B多克隆位点上分别插入c-Myc标签蛋白序列和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)序列,从而构建了一个包含c-Myc标签蛋白序列并携带有核糖体结合位点(IRES)介导的增强型绿色荧光蛋白的真核表达载体pCMV-Myc-IRES-EGFP。通过荧光检测和免疫印迹实验证实该载体能在哺乳细胞中表达。该载体可用于监测细胞的转染效率、分选稳定表达的阳性细胞群体、体外转录和翻译、检测或纯化目的蛋白以及捕获相关作用蛋白等多种实验研究,为基因功能研究提供了便利。     

杆状病毒表达系统的改进及IL-6在昆虫细胞内的表达和纯化

使用同源重组方法,在昆虫细胞内将多角体启动子驱动的EGFP表达盒插入杆状病毒穿梭载体Bacmid的p74位相,经5轮空斑纯化获得重组穿梭载体Bacmid-egfp。然后将Bacmid-egfp转化含转座助手质粒的E.coliDH10B,获得受体菌E.coliDH10Bac-egfp,由于Bacmid-egfp保留了完整的转座结构和α互补功能,因此该菌株和原始E.coliDH10Bac一样能有效的利用各种pFastBac系列的载体进行转座并构建出能指示病毒繁殖和目的基因表达的重组病毒。使用红色荧光蛋白DsRed对系统进行了验证,结果表明重组病毒Bac-egfp-DsRed感染的细胞中绿色荧光蛋白和红色荧光蛋白均得到了高效表达。进一步使用该系统在昆虫细胞中高效表达并纯化了IL-6蛋白,为研究和应用该细胞因子提供物质基础,同时也进一步证明所改造的杆状病毒表达系统的可靠性和实用性。