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1.
A simple method is presented for establishing continuous cell lines from Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Subculturing is performed after the first 8 weeks and at 2-week intervals thereafter. Initial plating densities of 5 x 10(4) to 5 x 10(5) cells per cm2 are required for maintaining the subcultures. Cell lines were established from wild-type embryos, from embryos bearing chromosomal rearrangements and from embryos bearing recessive mutations. Permanent lines have doubling times of 24 to 48 hr and have been maintained for as long as 13 months and 25 subcultures. 相似文献
2.
Peggy J. Sieburth James E. Maruniak 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1988,24(3):195-198
Summary The cell line UFL-AG-286 was established from the embryos ofAnticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The cell line was characterized by isozyme analysis and from molecular weight determination of
the restriction endonuclease bands of the mitochondrial DNA. Cells seeded in 24-cluster wells had a doubling time of 5.9 d
when seeded at 2×105 cells ml and 6.7 d when seeded at 3×105 cells/ml.
This work was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture grant 84-CRCR-1-1431. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal
Series, no. 8181. 相似文献
3.
Explants obtained by removing the radicle tip and the plumule from embryos of Vicia faba have been induced to form callus in culture. Of a range of agar-solidified culture media tested, only that of Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) was consistently successful. Improved growth, measured as increasing fresh weight was obtained by increasing the nitrogen content of the medium, either as potassium nitrate or as ammonium nitrate. A kinetin concentration of 0.01 mg/1 (5 × 10−8M) and a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) concentration of 0.5 mg/1 (2.3 × 10−6M) allowed optimum initial callus growth. A 2,4-D concentration of 2.3 × 10−8M, while insufficient to induce callus formation was able to inhibit lateral root development which occurred from embryo explants cultured without added 2,4-D. Subcultured tissue grew well on media supplemented with casein hydrolysate or a mixture of the eight most common amino acids in casein hydrolysate. Growth in subcultures was inhibited by two other amino acid mixtures used by other workers for different species. 相似文献
4.
Summary Embryogenic callus was initiated from radicles of mature embryos removed from imbibed seeds (24 h). Embryogenic and other
nonembryogenic types of callus proliferated on a modified half-strength Murashige-Skoog medium (MS) basal medium (BM) supplemented
withmyo-inositol, casein hydrolysate (CH), L-glutamine (gln) and growth regulators kinetin (KN), N6-benzyladenine (BAP) each (20×10−6
M), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (50×10−6
M) Embryogenic callus bearing suspensor-like cells in a mucilaginous gel matrix was isolated and maintained by subculture every
10 to 12 days on BM with KN, BAP each (2×10−6
M) and 2,4-D (5×10−6
M). Somatic embryos developed spontaneously from the callus on this medium at 23±1° C. Closer examination revealed that numerous
polyembryonic clusters, comprised of elongated cells (suspensors) and small dense cells with large nuclei (somatic embryos),
occurred in the viscous gel. When this enriched embryonal-suspensor mass was subcultured to low 2,4-D (1×10−6
M), globular embryos developed by 40 to 60 days. Upon transfer to a liquid medium without growth regulators, the embryos elongated
and developed cotyledons and shoots with needles. Plantlet development was completed by 30 days in a basal medium without
CH, gln and growth regulators. The total culture time was 150 days. Approximately 40±10 embryos were formed from 500 mg of
initial callus. Somatic embryogenesis became aberrant if embryos remained attached to the callus mass and were not subcultured
within 10 to 12 days according to the described protocol. Somatic embryos were encapsulated in an alginate gel and stored
at 4° C for nearly two months without visible adverse effects on viability.
Editor's Statement This paper presents advances in the in vitro regeneration of a commercially useful plant species from stored
seeds. In addition, data is presented on short-term storage of the plantlets, and long-term proliferation of the embryonal
mass in vitro. 相似文献
5.
Yoshiyasu Matsuo 《Microbiology and immunology》1974,18(4):307-312
A serial increase in the number of Mycobacterium lepraemurium with successful subcultures has been obtained in the mouse foot pad (MFP) cell culture. Special attention has been given to maintaining the infected cells for longer periods; 1) the infected cells were incubated at 30 C rather than at 37 C, and 2) the concentration of serum in the culture medium was reduced from 10 to 2% as soon as a monolayer growth of the transferred cells was obtained. There have been cumulative bacterial increases of 1.47 × 1017 and 1.84 × 1015 fold for the Kurume-42 strain during a period of 1255 days, and 2.23 × 109 and 3.89 × 105 fold for the Hawaiian strain during periods of 831 and 572 days. The overall generation times were estimated at 22.0, 24.8, 26.8, and 30.8 days, respectively. All attempts to grow the acid-fast bacilli obtained in cell cultures on artificial culture media have failed. The ability of the organisms to produce typical lesions in mice has been well preserved. 相似文献
6.
MONA A. ABDALLAH SAMI K. ABDEL-HAFEZ FADWA M. AL-YAMAN 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1990,37(2):113-117
The continuous culturing of Trypanosoma acomys in the presence of a murine areolar-adipose cell line (A9) was possible for the 1st time. The trypanosomes were cultured at 37° C with A9 in DMEM supplemented with 20% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum, using an initial inoculum from primary cultures of lung or blood clots from infected spiny mice. The cultures were maintained for 115 days and underwent 15 passages before termination and cryopreservation. Using this culture system T. acomys subcultures were initiated from 3 different initial inocula (3 × 104, 1.5 × 105 and 7.4 × 105 parasites/ml) and growth curves revealed that the lowest inoculum gave the best growth pattern. This inoculum yielded a population doubling time of less than 12 h for 4 days, a high peak density of 7 × 106 parasites/ml and the most gradual decline compared to the other 2 inocula. Rosetting epimastigotes and nests of amastigotes were observed in close association with the feeder layer cells. Epimastigotes were the most predominant form in culture supernatants but other morphological forms observed included trypomastigotes and sphaeromastigotes. 相似文献
7.
Summary Callus cultures ofPicea engelmannii (Parry, Engelmann spruce) were initiated and established from mature embryos cultured on von Arnold and Eriksson’s medium
(AE) supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (10μM) and naphthalene acetic acid (10 μM). Cultures were maintained by subculture at 3-to-4-wk intervals. After three subcultures, callus was transferred to AE medium
with only N6-benzyladenine (25 μM). Adventitious buds appeared on the surface of the callus after 2-to 4-wk and grew to adventitious shoots on AE medium without
growth hormones or on AE medium with kinetin (0.1 μM). Shoot-forming capacity was maintained through 7 further subcultures.
This study was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant G1438 to T. A. Thorpe and
D. I. Dunstan. 相似文献
8.
Julio C. Davila Chandrasekara G. Reddy Patrick J. Davis Daniel Acosta 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1990,26(5):515-524
Summary The present study was undertaken to assess and compare the toxic effects of papaverine hydrochloride and its metabolites.
Primary cell cultures of rat hepatocytes were treated with papavarine (papaver), 3′-O-desmethyl (3′-OH), 4′-O-desmethyl (4′-OH),
and 6-O-desmethyl (6-OH) papaverine at 1×10−5, 1×10−4, and 1×10−3
M for 4,8, 12, and 24-h periods. Cell injury was determined by: a) cell viability using the trypan blue exclusion test; b)
cytosolic enzyme leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase; c) morphologic alterations; and d) lactate:
pyruvate (L:P) ratios. Cell cultures showed concentration-and time-dependent responses. For example, a decrease in cell viability
and an increase in enzyme leakage were observed after cell treatment with 1×10−4 and 1×10−3
M papaver for 8 h; 1×10−3
M 6-OH papaverine for 8 h and 1×10−4
M for 24 h; and 1×10−3
M 4′-OH papaverine for 24 h (P<0.05). Furthermore, changes in morphology correlated to cell viability and enzyme release in those cultures treated with
papaver, 4′-OH and 6-OH papaverine. Some of these changes included size deformation, cell detachment from the dishes, and
cell necrosis. On the other hand, an increase in L:P ratios (P<0.05) was detected with papaver as early as 8 h with 1×10−4 and 1×10−3
M and 12 h with 1×10−5
M; 6-OH showed an increase, in L:P ratios at 8 h with 1×10−3
M and 12 h with 1×10−4
M; these changes were evident with 4′-OH at 12 h with 1×10−3
M. In contrast, cells treated with 3′-OH papaverine did not show significant damage with any time period and concentration
used in this study. The results of this study indicate that papaverine-derived metabolites are less cytotoxic than its parent
compound, papaver. The toxicity was ranked as follows: papaver>6-OH>4′-OH>−3′-OH.
This work was supported in part by grant ES04200-02 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Bethesda,
MD.
Presented in part at the fall ASPET meeting in Salt Lake City, August, 1989. Daniel Acosta is a Burroughs Wellcome Scholar
in Toxicology. 相似文献
9.
Somatic embryogenesis and long term maintenance of embryogenic lines from fox grapes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Motoike S. Y. Skirvin R. M. Norton M. A. Otterbacher A. G. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2001,66(2):121-131
In the present paper, a method for the induction and long-term maintenance embryogenic cultures for Vitis × Labruscana `Niagara' and `Fredonia' is reported. Embryogenic cultures from these two cultivars were induced in an embryogenesis establishment
medium (CIM) from ovaries obtained from flowers 10–14 days pre-anthesis. The embryogenic lines obtained in this experiment
have been stably maintained for more than 2 years, through repeated subcultures on a long-term maintenance medium (LTMM) without
loss of embryogenic competence. Somatic embryo regeneration and maturation have been successfully achieved after 30 days of
cultivating embryogenic cultures in an embryo regeneration medium (EDMM), supplemented with charcoal and polyethylene glycol.
The somatic embryos were successfully germinated in two different media, `Fredonia' germination medium (FGM) and `Niagara'
germination medium (NGM), and converted into normal looking plants on a conversion medium (CM).
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Embryogenesis and plant regeneration of hot pepper (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Capsicum annuum</Emphasis> L.) through isolated microspore culture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We report high frequencies of embryo production and plant regeneration through isolated microspore culture of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Microspores cultured in modified NLN medium (NLNS) divided and developed to embryos. Globular and heart-shaped embryos
were observed from 3 weeks after the beginning of culture, and many embryos reached the cotyledonary stage after 4 weeks of
culture. These cotyledonary embryos developed to plantlets after transfer to solid B5 basal medium. We also optimized conditions
for embryo production by varying the pretreatment media, the carbon sources, and culture densities. Heat shock treatment in
sucrose-starvation medium was more effective than in B5 medium. Direct comparisons of sucrose and maltose as carbon sources
clearly demonstrated the superiority of sucrose compared to maltose, with the highest frequency of embryo production being
obtained in 9% (w/v) sucrose. Microspore plating density was critical for efficient embryonic induction and development, with
an optimal plating density of 8 × 104–10 × 104/ml. Under our optimized culture conditions, we obtained over 54 embryos, and an average of 5.5 cotyledonary embryos when
10 × 104 microspores were grown on an individual plate. 相似文献
11.
McIntosh AH Grasela JJ Popham HJ 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》2005,41(8-9):298-304
Summary Insect cell lines from Arthropoda represented by Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Homoptera were evaluated for their
ability to support replication of AcMNPV. In addition, some of the cell lines that were refractive to AcMNPV were tested with
AcMNPV hsp70 Red, a recombinant carrying the red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene, for their ability to express this protein
after inoculation. Of the 10 lepidopteran cell lines tested, only three cell lines from Helicoverpa zea (BCIRL-HZ-AM1), Lymantria dispar (IPLB-LD 65), and Cydia pomonella (CP-169) failed to support detectable viral replication as measured by tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) assay. Heliothis virescens (BCIRL-HV-AM1) produced the highest viral titer of 2.3±0.1×107 TCID50/ml followed by Heliothis subflexa (BCIRL-HS-AM1) at 4.7±0.1×106 TCID50/ml and Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLB-SF21) at 4.1±0.1×106 TCID50/ml. None of the coleopteran, dipteran, or homopteran cell lines supported AcMNPV replication. However, when studies were
performed using AcMNPV hsp70 Red, the dipteran cell lines Aedes aegypti (ATC-10) and Drosophila melanogaster (line 2), both expressed the RFP as well as the refractive lepidopteran cell lines from H. zea and L. dispar. No RFP expression was observed in any of the coleopteran or homopteran cell lines. Cell lines refractive to AcMNPV did not
appear to be adversely affected by the virus, as judged by their ability to multiply, nor was there any indication of induced
apoptosis, as assessed by deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation profiles or cell blebbing or both.
Disclaimer: Mention of trade names or commercial product in the publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific
information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. All programs and services
of the U. S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiseriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin,
religion, sex, age marital status, or handicap. 相似文献
12.
LINDA E. McHOLLAND-RAYMOND NEWTON KINGSTON MALCOLM S. TRUEBLOOD 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1978,25(3):388-394
SYNOPSIS. Trypanosoma theileri was cultivated at 37 C in bovine bone marrow cell culture through 50 consecutive subcultures. Medium 199, supplemented with Bacto-peptone, vitamin B12, and fetal bovine serum, was utilized both for primary and continuous cultivation. The number of trypanosomes produced in culture averaged 8 × 106 (1–26 × 106) trypanosomes/ml. In each subculture the organisms divided as epimastigotes and transformed into trypomastigotes; a round form was observed during the stationary and declining phase of growth. Gradual changes such as increased generation time, size reduction, and decreased trypomastigote production were observed as subculturing progressed. Cultured trypanosomes were infective for the bovine through the 48th serial transfer and could be cultivated at 26 C. 相似文献
13.
STEVEN W. HEWETT 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1980,27(3):311-313
SYNOPSIS. the cell size of Didinium nasutum was found to be dependent on the size of the Paramecium species available as prey. Didinium feeding on P. tetraurelia averaged 5.6 × 105μm3. the cell volume of Didinium increased with increasing prey size for the 5 prey species tested, to 9.1 × 105μm3 for Didinium feeding on P. caudatum. Didinium nearing a cell division ranged in size from 8.6 × 105μm3 on P. tetraurelia to 12.9 × 105μm3 on P. caudatum. the range in cell volume is such that Didinium feeding on P. caudatum are larger than the size at which Didinium divide when feeding on P. tetraurelia. This morphologic plasticity in cell volume allows Didinium to exploit a wide size range of Paramecium species as prey. It is proposed that the size of a Didinium may have profound effects on its ability to encounter and capture prey of different sizes. 相似文献
14.
C S Kung 《Developmental biology》1974,36(2):343-356
The approximate sizes of heterogeneous nuclear (HnRNA) and cytoplasmic RNA of sea urchin embryos were determined by DMSO density gradient centrifugation and acrylamide-formamide gel electrophoresis. The data suggest that the sizes of these molecules are smaller than those estimated under nondenaturing conditions. The size of most of the nuclear RNA ranges from 0.5 to 3 × 106 daltons, while that of the cytoplasmic RNA ranges from 0.1 to 2 × 106 daltons. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA of sea urchin embryos may have a minor fraction (5–10%) of very large species with molecular weights up to 4 to 5 × 106 daltons.The idea that the size of HnRNA may be larger in organisms higher on the evolutionary scale is discussed. 相似文献
15.
Regeneration and large-scale propagation of bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus Nees) through somatic embryogenesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A complete protocol for large-scale propagation of Dendrocalamus strictus Nees by somatic embryogenesis has been developed. Seeds cultured on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented
with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 3×10–5
m) produced embryogenic callus from proliferation of the embryo. Somatic embryos formed in vitro multiplied rapidly (two- to
five fold every 5 weeks) on semi-solid MS medium containing 2,4-D (1×10–5
m), kinetin (Kn) (5×10–6
m), 1-indolebutyric acid (IBA) (2×10–6
m) and soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (250 mg l–1), or MS with 2,4-D (1×10–5
m), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1×10–5
m), and soluble PVP (250 mg l–1). Upon transfer to MS containing 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (5×10–6
m), Kn (5×10–6
m) and soluble PVP (250 mg l–1), the dark-green embryos developed into healthy plantlets. Unrooted shoots, if any, obtained on the multiplication media
were rooted on MS major salts reduced to half strength supplemented with NAA (3×10–6
m) and IBA (2.5×10–6
m). The rooted plants were successfully transferred to soil in polythene bags with over 80% survival. Using this methodology,
more than 100,000 plants have been produced.
Received: 16 April 1998 / Revision received: 25 September 1998 / Accepted: 10 October 1998 相似文献
16.
Chin-Wen Ho Wei-Ting Jian Hui-Chun Lai 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(3):240-246
Summary
In vitro seedlings of Lilium × formolongi Hort. evs. Norikula, RaiZen No. 1, RaiZen No. 3, RaiZen Early, and Bailansa were used to induce callus by variously modified
Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, using protocols for flask culture and bioreactor culture. Green embryogenic callus proliferated
from roots near the base of bulblets of five varieties on media containing 0.53–5.3 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 28 cell lines were obtained by subcultures on the same medium. For flask culture, the
fresh weight (FW) of embryogenic cell clumps doubled every 4 wk on MS basal salts supplemented with 0.53°M NAA and 30 g l−1 sucrose. The maximum frequency of somatic embryos that developed into plantlets was 76.67±17% when plated onto solid MS basal
medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs). Among the treatments using four types of bioreactors, the best cell growth
and regeneration rate (74±0.14%) of somatic embryos was in a modified 2–1 bioreactor. Cells incubated in the other three bioreactors
furned brown and died. Histological study revealed that regeneration was by somatic embryogenesis. The regenerants showed
normal growth and flowering after 8–9 mo, in the field. A cell line of cv. Norikula has been subcultured in MS basal salts
containing 0.53 μM NAA every 2 mo. for 6 yr. The cell aggregates became more synchronous and many typical embryogenic cells with dense cytoplasm
were observed under a light microscope. The long-term embryogenic cells plated on MS basal medium still gave rise to numerous
somatic embryos and converted into plantlets. 相似文献
17.
Keiji Tanaka Norio Kurihara Minoru Nakajima 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(4):723-725
Hexose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.12) was present constitutively in Bifidobacterium bifidum. The enzyme was purified to a homogeneous state from B. bifidum grown on a glucose medium and characterized. The molecular weight of the enzyme is about 110,000.The pH optimum of the enzyme was 7.5. The enzyme was very labile on the acidic side below pH 4.5. Thymidine diphosphate glucose could serve as a substrate with about 60% efficiency of UDP-glucose. The Km values for UDP-gtucose, galactose 1-phosphate (Gal-l-P), UDP-galactose and glucose 1-phosphate (Glc-1-P) were estimated to be 2.3×10?5M, 5.0 × 10?4M, 3.1 × 10?5 M and 1.4 × 10?4M, respectively. From these results the physiological roles of the enzyme were considered in relation to galactose metabolism in B. bifidum. 相似文献
18.
Selection of a cell line suitable for a hybrid artificial liver model employing cellulose porous beads (CPBs) was investigated.
Hep G2 cells grown in a culture dish exhibited appreciably higher ureogenesis and gluconeogenesis activities than those grown
in CPBs. SEM observation of CPBs revealed marked difference in the distribution of attached cells from one bead to another,
and showed that almost all the cell-bearing micropores were completely packed with cells.
With the aim of selecting a cell line not prone to excessive aggregation and which grows moderately so as not to fill up the
micropores, cells of 6 cell lines, HLE, HLF, Hep 3B, PLC/PRF/5, Huh 7 and Hep G2, were cultivated in dishes. Hep G2, HLE,
and HLF increased to 5 × 105 cells/cm2, whereas PLC/PRF/5 grew only to 5 × 104, and Hep 3B and Huh 7 up to 2 × 104 cells/cm2. The specific activities of ureogenesis and gluconeogenesis of Huh 7 were the highest among the lines tested - 42- and 7-fold
those of Hep G2, respectively. When the 6 cell lines were grown in a submerged culture with 0.6 g/l of CPBs, Huh 7 had the
lowest cell concentration of 0.54 × 106 cells/ml, and the highest activities of ammonia consumption and urea and glucose production (1.38 μ mol NH3, 99 nmol urea, and 14.5 nmol glucose/106cells/h). Consequently, Huh 7 is considered to be a suitable cell line for use in the development of an artificial liver model
employing porous beads.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
The establishment of heliothine cell lines and their susceptibility to two baculoviruses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. H. McIntosh P. D. Christian J. J. Grasela 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1999,35(2):94-97
Summary A total of eight cell lines were established from Helicoverpa armigera (3) and H. punctigera (5) embryos and ovaries. Cell lines were established and grown in TC100 and/or TC199-MK containing 10% fetal bovine serum.
The serum-free medium ExCell™ 400 was also used, with and without 10% supplemental fetal bovine serum, but failed to generate
cell lines from fat bodies, embryos, or ovarian tissues. Cell lines consisted of heterogenous cell types ranging from oval
to fibroblast-like. This is the first report on the successful establishment of cell lines from H. punctigera. Cell lines from the two species were distinguishable from each other by DAF-PCR, and noticeable differences in minor bands
were observed among cell lines from the same species. All of the established cell lines from both species were susceptible
to HzSNPV but did not replicate more virus than that of a H. zea cell line (BCIRL-HZ-AM1-A11). However, an H. punctigera cell line (HP1) replicated AcMNPV to the highest titer (1.0×108 50% tissue culture infective dose/ml), and only one of the H. armigera cell lines (HA1) was susceptible to this virus. 相似文献
20.
William J. McCarthy Tina Hatfield Susan McMahon 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1987,23(9):621-626
Summary The concentration of each of 10 pesticides (azinphosmethyl, captan, carbaryl, chlordimedorm, dichlorvos, dimenthoate, fenvalerate,
methomyl, methyl parathion, trichlorfon) causing a 50% inhibition (ID50) in cell number relative to an untreated culture for a time period equal to four cell doublings was determined for the TN368
and IPLB-HZ1075 cell lines. The range of ID50 values with either of the cell lines was similar, with captan being most toxic within an ID50 range of 5 to 6 μM/2×105 cells/ml, and methomyl least toxic within a range of 2900 to 3200 μM/2×105 cells/ml. Yet there were significant differences between cell lines in pesticide susceptibility. Fenvalerate, dichlorvos,
and chlordimeform were 16, 3, and 1.5 times more toxic, respectively, for TN368 cells than HZ1075 cells, whereas dimethoate
and carbaryl were each 2 times more toxic for HZ1075 cells. In general, increasing toxicity paralleled decreasing water solubility,
although the order of the pesticides varied somewhat according to the particular cell line and medium. Moreover, there was
little aberrant cell morphology in either of the cell cultures during incubation with most of the pesticides at their ID50 levels. Preincubation of TN368 cells with any one of seven different pesticideis before inoculation withAutographa californica MNPV, and subsequent incubation of infected cells in medium plus pesticide, did not significantly suppress polyhedra development
except for trichlorfon-incubated cells. In addition, there was a small but consistent variation from control cells in extracellular
virus titers assayed from two of five of the pesticide incubations. The titer was consistently depressed with trichlorfon
and elevated with fenvalerate, however, further work is required to determine the biological significance of these differences.
Primary funding for this research was provided by the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC, under grant no. R-809453. Additional funding was provided by the Pennsylvania State University College of
Agriculture Experiment Station—Project no. 2758.
The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views, policies, or recommendations of the Environmental Protection
Agency, and the Agency does not necessarily endorse any of the commercial products used in this study.
The Pennsylvania State Agricultural Experiment Station. Authorized for publication as Journal Series Paper No. 7432. 相似文献