拟康氏木霉和微紫青霉纤维二糖水解酶基因I(Cbh1)启动子的初步分析

应用PCR技术,分别扩增拟康氏木霉(T.pseudokoningii S38)和微紫青霉(P.janthinellumAs3.510)Cbh1启动子的284 bp和215 bp两个片段,并通过凝胶阻滞试验,初步分析了在槐糖和葡萄糖两种培养条件下Cbh1启动子上参与Cbh1基因表达的调控信息.凝胶阻滞试验结果表明,S38 Cbh1启动子片段与葡萄糖和槐糖培养/诱导条件下的无细胞提取物,均形成了蛋白质-DNA复合物,而As3.510,只有葡萄糖培养条件下的无细胞提取物与其启动子片段,形成了蛋白质-DNA复合物.表明在S38 Cbh1启动子的一302/一18 bp处,可能存在与槐糖和葡萄糖介导的调控蛋白相互作用的特定核酸基元,而在As3.510 Cbh1启动子上的一280/一65 bp处有与葡萄糖介导的阻遏蛋白相互作用的特定核酸基元.竞争性阻滞试验结果表明,S38和As3.510 Cbh1启动子片段与胞内调控蛋白的相互作用是特异性的.     

拟康氏木霉和微紫青霉纤维二糖水解酶基因Ⅰ(Cbh1)启动子的初步分析

应用 PCR技术 ,分别扩增拟康氏木霉 (T.pseudokoningii S38)和微紫青霉 (P.janthinellumAs3.51 0 ) Cbh1启动子的 2 84bp和 2 1 5bp两个片段 ,并通过凝胶阻滞试验 ,初步分析了在槐糖和葡萄糖两种培养条件下 Cbh1启动子上参与 Cbh1基因表达的调控信息 .凝胶阻滞试验结果表明 ,S38Cbh1启动子片段与葡萄糖和槐糖培养 /诱导条件下的无细胞提取物 ,均形成了蛋白质 - DNA复合物 ,而 As3.51 0 ,只有葡萄糖培养条件下的无细胞提取物与其启动子片段 ,形成了蛋白质 -DNA复合物 .表明在 S38Cbh1启动子的 - 30 2 /- 1 8bp处 ,可能存在与槐糖和葡萄糖介导的调控蛋白相互作用的特定核酸基元 ,而在 As3.51 0 Cbh1启动子上的 - 2 80 /- 65bp处有与葡萄糖介导的阻遏蛋白相互作用的特定核酸基元 .竞争性阻滞试验结果表明 ,S38和 As3.51 0 Cbh1启动子片段与胞内调控蛋白的相互作用是特异性的 .     

拟康氏木霉和微紫青霉纤维二糖水解酶基因Ⅰ(Cbh1)启动子的初步分析

应用 PCR技术 ,分别扩增拟康氏木霉 (T.pseudokoningii S38)和微紫青霉 (P.janthinellumAs3.51 0 ) Cbh1启动子的 2 84bp和 2 1 5bp两个片段 ,并通过凝胶阻滞试验 ,初步分析了在槐糖和葡萄糖两种培养条件下 Cbh1启动子上参与 Cbh1基因表达的调控信息 .凝胶阻滞试验结果表明 ,S38Cbh1启动子片段与葡萄糖和槐糖培养 /诱导条件下的无细胞提取物 ,均形成了蛋白质 - DNA复合物 ,而 As3.51 0 ,只有葡萄糖培养条件下的无细胞提取物与其启动子片段 ,形成了蛋白质 -DNA复合物 .表明在 S38Cbh1启动子的 - 30 2 /- 1 8bp处 ,可能存在与槐糖和葡萄糖介导的调控蛋白相互作用的特定核酸基元 ,而在 As3.51 0 Cbh1启动子上的 - 2 80 /- 65bp处有与葡萄糖介导的阻遏蛋白相互作用的特定核酸基元 .竞争性阻滞试验结果表明 ,S38和 As3.51 0 Cbh1启动子片段与胞内调控蛋白的相互作用是特异性的 .     

绿色木霉纤维素酶CBHII基因的分子克隆

本文以噬菌体ｌａｍｂｄａ ＥＭＢＬ３ ＤＮＡ为载体,通过克隆绿色木酶（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ ｖｉ－ｒｉｄｅ）高分子量基因组ＤＮＡ的部分酶解片段,并将重组分子进行体外包装后侵染Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉ－ｃｈｉａ．ｃｏｌｉＫ８０２,由此构建了绿色木霉基因文库。以李氏木霉（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ ｒｅｅｓｅｉ）纤维素酶ＣＢＨＩＩ基因的末端片段为探针,用轮回噬菌斑原位杂交从文库中筛选出ＣＢＨＩＩ基因的阳性克隆５个     

纤维二糖抑制外切纤维素酶水解作用机理的分析

纤维二糖是纤维素分子的结构单元, 也是纤维素酶水解纤维素时的主要产物. 它能强烈抑制纤维素酶的水解作用, 但并不影响酶对纤维素的吸附. 红外、荧光、圆二色谱分析表明, 纤维二糖可结合在外切纤维素酶活性部位附近的色氨酸残基上形成“位阻效应”, 从而阻止纤维素分子链进入活性中心. 同时, 结合纤维二糖后, 外切纤维素酶分子构象发生了较大变化, 致使吸附纤维素后不能导致微纤维的分离, 为“无效吸附”.     

纤维二糖水解酶I基因的系统进化分析

纤维二糖水解酶I（CBHI）是生物降解纤维素的一种重要的外切酶,它作用于纤维素分子末端,水解β-1,4-糖苷键。纤维二糖水解酶由3个部分组成：具有催化活性的催化结构域,作用为锚定纤维素的纤维素结合域以及连接这两个结构域的一段短肽。已知催化结构域属于糖基水解酶家族7（GH7）,纤维素结合域属于糖类结合模块家族1（CBMl）。为进一步探索CBHI编码基因之间的进化关系,本研究依据CBHI的结构域在GenBank数据库中搜索并鉴定CBHI编码基因并据此构建系统发育树。序列的平均长度为1776bp,平均GC含量为57．64％,平均转换颠换比为0．71,平均遗传距离为0．424。得出结论CBHI编码基因只存在于真菌中,是一个相对活跃的基因,它的进化与物种的进化有着密切的关系。     

拟康氏木霉（Trichoderma pseudokoningii）UV Ⅲ产纤维素酶液体发酵研究

以拟康氏木霉（Trichoderma pseudokoningii)TH为出发菌株,经紫外诱变获得一抗高浓度葡萄糖阻遏突变株UV Ⅲ,其液体发酵最适产酶培养基为（W／V）：豆皮粉3％,硝酸铵0．6％,磷酸二氢钠0．65％,硫酸镁0．25％,氯化钙0．15％,pH5.0;最佳发酵条件为：30℃,125r/min。发酵7d CMCase活力可达103．55IU／mL,滤纸酶活可达5．51IU／mL,β-葡萄糖苷酶活可达0．96IU／mL,分别比出发菌株TH提高了1．40、2．34、0．60倍。     

康氏木霉中调控纤维素酶形成的两个调控因子的克隆及功能性分析

锌指蛋白ACEI和Xyrl是里氏木霉中调控纤维素酶和木聚糖酶形成的两个调控因子,它们能竞争性结合木聚糖酶基因xynl的启动子.为进一步研究ACEI和Xyr1调控纤维素酶基因表达的机制,本研究利用PCR技术扩增康氏木霉ACEI和Xyr1 DNA结合区的基因序列,并使其在大肠杆菌中得到表达.凝胶迁移率移动试验表明ACEI和Xyrl的DNA结合区均可与纤维素酶基因cbh1启动子的287 bp序列特异性结合.提示ACEI与Xyr1不仅能竞争性结合xynl启动子,也能竞争性结合cbhl启动子.     

Enhanced Expression of Endochitinase in Trichoderma harzianum with the cbh1 Promoter of Trichoderma reesei

Production of extracellular endochitinase could be increased 5-fold in the mycoparasite fungus Trichoderma harzianum by using the cellulase promoter cbh1 of Trichoderma reesei, whereas the total endochitinase activity increased 10-fold. The cbh1 promoter was not expressed on glucose and sucrose in T. harzianum and was induced by sophorose and on cellulase-inducing medium. The endogenous endochitinase gene was expressed at a low basal level on glucose and sucrose. No specific induction by crab shell chitin or sophorose was observed.     

Novel Cellulase Profile of Trichoderma reesei Strains Constructed by cbh1 Gene Replacement with eg3 Gene Expression Cassette

The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is consi-dered to be the most efficient cellulase producer, and hasa long history in the production of hydrolytic enzymes,which was widely used in the food and feed industriesand recently also used in the textile,…     

Analysis of Cre1 binding sites in the Trichoderma reesei cbh1 upstream region

Abstract A 1.5-kb XbaI-SacII fragment containing the upstream region of the Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I gene ( cbh1 ) has been sequenced. The 1.5-kb fragment contains eight 6-bp sites having an identical or similar sequence to the consensus sequence for binding a catabolite repressor, Aspergillus nidulans CreA. Results of binding assays with the maltose-binding protein: :Cre1(10–131) fusion protein (Cre1 is a catabolite repressor of T. reesei ) and the cbhI upstream region revealed that a 504-bp XbaI-NspV fragment (nucleotide position − 1496 to − 993) bearing three 6-bp sites, Al, A2, and A3, and a 356-bp NspV-MunI fragment (nucleotide position −994 to −639) bearing three 6-bp sites, B1, B2, and B3, were shifted in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. DNase I footprinting experiments showed that the 6-bp sites A2, B1, B2, and B3 were protected from DNase I digestion.     

Cellulase production and oil palm empty fruit bunch saccharification by a new isolate of Trichoderma koningii D-64

A new strain Trichoderma koningii D-64 was isolated from Singapore soil samples. It produced cellulase, xylanase, and laccase on a variety of carbon sources. Enzyme activities of 3.8 ± 0.3, 40.3 ± 5.1, 6.6 ± 0.3 and 98.8 ± 10.3 U/mL were respectively obtained for FPase, CMCase, β-glucosidase and xylanase in a mixture of 1% cellulose and 2% wheat bran. About 70–95% saccharification efficiency of oil palm empty fruit bunch was obtained using T. koningii D-64 enzymes alone without the supplement of any other commercial enzymes. Strain T. koningii D-64 is therefore a potential cellulase producer for the efficient lignocellulosic biomass conversion to fermentable sugars.     

高活力纤维素酶菌株康氏木霉B—7的选育与产酶条件的研究

野生型康氏木霉８５４－Ｂ＿２分别经物理化学诱变因子,ＴＤＰ辐射器和空间微重力辐射等因素的多级处理,得到１株形态发生明显改变的变异株Ｂ—７,其固体培养物的纤维素酶各组分酶活力,如滤纸糖酶活力（ＦＰＡ）为３４ｕ／ｇ,羧甲基纤维素酶活力（ＣＭＣ—ａｓｅ）为２９．０ｕ／ｇ,β－葡萄糖苷酶活力（β－Ｇｌａｓｅ）为２９．０ｕ／ｇ,与８５４－β２相比,分别提高５．９倍,７．６倍和４．２倍。其固体培养的最佳条件是：ｐＨ６．０,２８～３０℃,９６小时,最适培养基成分为：青草粉：麸皮＝７：３,１．５～２．０倍水和（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４１．５～２．０％（均以固体料计）。     

Clarification of xanthan gum with extracellular enzymes secreted by Trichoderma koningii

Xanthomonas campestris cells present in xanthan fermentation broth were lysed by enzymes secreted by Trichoderma koningii. Protease which appeared responsible for cell lysis was produced by the fungus in solid-state fermentation of wheat bran optimally at pH 7 and 30°C in 72 h. The culture filtrate, having protease in addition to other extracellular enzymes, was used as such to clarify xanthan solution and found to lyse the cells optimally at pH 7 and 50°C. The maximum transparency of xanthan solution achieved was 63%.     

The overexpression of one single cbh gene making Trichoderma asperellum T-1 a better cellulase producer

Trichoderma asperellum T-1, a traditional bio-control strain, is previously found to be potentially useful in the degradation of natural waste lignocellulose as it can ferment the natural materials without pretreatment. Many problems caused by substrate pretreatment can be therefore avoided. In this study, we intended to engineer a new strain to enhance its lignocellulose degradation ability by modifying the genome of T. asperellum T-1. A genetic transformation system mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL-1 (ATMT) was constructed on T. asperellum T-1. On this basis, the overexpressed strain was produced by transforming a recombinant cellobiosidase gene (cbh) under the control of inducible promoter of endo-1, 4-β-xylanase gene, into wild-type T. asperellum T-1. After resistance screening, multiple transmission, growth comparison, and enzyme activity determination, four transformants (M1, M2, M5, and M6) were obtained. Filter paper cellulase activity of these transformants reached, respectively, 36.2%, 30.6%, 32.9%, and 42.7% higher than the wild-type strain. Most importantly, the CMCase, β-glucosidase and xylanase activity were also increased, although only one cbh gene was overexpressed. This work indicated that the enhancement of cellulase production ability of T. asperellum T-1 can be promisingly feasible by genetic modification. And the xylanase gene’s promoter can be effectively used in genetic modification to promote T. asperellum T-1 to be more effectively used in lignocellulose degradation.     

The purification and properties of the C1 component of Trichoderma koningii cellulase

1. The C(1) component that was isolated from a Trichoderma koningii cellulase preparation (Wood, 1968) by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex with a salt gradient was still associated with a trace of CM-cellulase activity (determined by reducing-sugar and viscometric methods). 2. Further chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, with a pH gradient instead of a salt gradient, provided a C(1) component that could still produce reducing sugars from a solution of CM-cellulose (to a very limited extent), but which could no longer decrease the viscosity (i.e. under the assay conditions employed). 3. No evidence for the non-identity of C(1) component and the trace of CM-cellulase activity could be found when electrofocusing was done in a stabilized pH gradient covering three pH units (pH3-6) or, alternatively, only 0.5 pH unit (pH3.72-4.25). 4. The two protein peaks that were separated by electrofocusing in carrier ampholytes covering only 0.5 pH unit (isoelectric pH values of 3.80 and 3.95) were shown to be isoenzymes of the C(1) component: they differed in the extent to which they were associated with carbohydrate (9% and 33%). 5. The purified C(1) component had little ability to attack CM-cellulose or highly ordered forms of cellulose, but degraded phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose readily: cellobiose was the principal product of the hydrolysis (97%). 6. Dewaxed cotton fibre was degraded to the extent of 15% when exposed to high concentrations of C(1) component over a prolonged period: cellobiose was again the principal sugar present in the supernatant (96%). 7. Cellotetraose and cellohexaose were hydrolysed almost exclusively to cellobiose. 8. Evidence indicates that the C(1) component is a beta-1,4-glucan cellobiosylhydrolase.