DNA生物传感器在环境污染监测中的应用

基于生物催化和免疫原理的生物传感器在环境领域中获得了广泛应用.近年来,随着分子生物学和生物技术的发展,人们开发了以核酸探针为识别元件,基于核酸相互作用原理的DNA生物传感器.该传感器可用于受感染微生物的核酸序列分析、优先控制污染物的检测以及污染物与DNA之间相互作用的研究,在环境污染监测中具有潜在的巨大应用前景.简要介绍了核酸杂交生物传感器的基本原理及其在环境微生物和优先控制污染物（priority pollutant）检测中的应用研究进展.     

DNA生物传感器进展

近几年来,酶传感器、免疫传感器及微生物传感器等发展较为成熟,而DNA生物传感器的研究相对较少.文章从核酸杂交的原理出发介绍了DNA生物传感器的工作原理,举例说明了电化学、光学和声学等几种典型的DNA生物传感器,指出了其固有的优缺点,肯定了DNA传感器发展前景.     

DNA生物传感器:缓慢的传感器?

近几年来,酶传感器、免疫传感器及微生物传感器等发展较为成熟,而DNA生物传感器的研究相对较少。文章从核酸杂交的原理出发介绍了DNA生物传感器的工作原理,举例说明了电化学、光学和声学等几种典型的DNA生物传感器,指出了其固有的优缺点,肯定了DNA传感器发展前景。     

基因传感器在环境微生物功能基因检测中的应用

分子生物学的快速发展和人们对核酸的深入研究,给基因传感器的研制和发展奠定了坚实的基础.基因传感器是分子生物学与微电子学、电化学、光学等相结合的产物,将在生命科学与信息科学之间架起一座桥梁,成为DNA信息分析检测最有效的手段之一.在近年研究文献的基础上,评述了基因传感器的工作原理、分类及近年来国内外利用其进行环境微生物功能基因检测等方面的研究现状,并提出堆肥微生物功能基因检测将是基因传感器的一个重要发展方向.     

末端脱氧核酸转移酶介导的功能核酸生物传感器研究进展

末端脱氧核酸转移酶(TdT酶)是一种DNA聚合酶,可以催化脱氧核苷酸结合到DNA分子的3'羟基端,并且该反应无需特定的模板。目前,基于末端脱氧核酸转移酶可对模板核酸链的末端进行延伸这一特性,搭载不同的信号输出及扩增方式,构建了一系列的生物传感技术,如电化学生物传感器、荧光生物传感器、表面离子共振生物传感器等。对各类传感器的基本设计原理和应用进行了阐述。根据TdT酶的性质设计的一系列生物传感器具有简单、快速、廉价、灵敏度高、特异性好等优点,实现了对金属离子、病原体、蛋白质等的检测。最后对TdT酶介导的生物传感器目前的研究现状进行了总结并且对TdT酶未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

基因传感器在环境微生物功能基因检测中的应用

分子生物学的快速发展和人们对核酸的深入研究, 给基因传感器的研制和发展奠定了坚实的基础。基因传感器是分子生物学与微电子学、电化学、光学等相结合的产物, 将在生命科学与信息科学之间架起一座桥梁, 成为DNA信息分析检测最有效的手段之一。在近年研究文献的基础上, 评述了基因传感器的工作原理、分类及近年来国内外利用其进行环境微生物功能基因检测等方面的研究现状, 并提出堆肥微生物功能基因检测将是基因传感器的一个重要发展方向。     

压电生物传感器

压电生物传感器是一种将高灵敏的压电传感器与特异的生物反应结合在一起的新型生物分析方法,这一方法不需要任何标记,且食品构造简单、操作方便,引起人们的浓厚兴趣,逐渐成为生物传感器领域中的一项研究热点。本文就压电免疫传感器及压电基因传感器在微生物、蛋白质及基因检测等方面的研究应用作一综述。压电生物传感器在分子生物学、疾病诊断和治疗、新药开发、司法鉴定等领域具有很大开发潜力。     

压电生物传感器及其研究进展

生物传感器的研究是近年来生物化学,分子生物学,传感器技术等领域的研究热点。本文简要介绍了压电生物传感器（PEBS）的基本原理,组成和分类,重点对近年为国内外PEBS方面的研究进展,生物识别元件的固定化技术和PEBS的发展趋势进行了综述。     

压电生物传感器研究进展

作为一项新兴综合型科学技术,生物传感器是近年来生物化学、分子生物学、传感器技术等领域的研究热点之一。本介绍了压电生物传感器的基本原理、组成、分类,并对近年来国内外的研究进展、生物识别元件的固定化技术以及压电生物传感器的发展趋势作综合评述。     

压电生物传感器

压电生物传感器是一种将高灵敏的压电传感器与特异的生物反应结合在一起的新型生物分析方法,这一方法不需要任何标记,且仪器构造简单、操作方便,引起人们的浓厚兴趣,逐渐成为生物传感器领域中的一项研究热点。本文就压电免疫传感器及压电基因传感器在微生物、蛋白质及基因检测等方面的研究应用作一综述。压电生物传感器将在分子生物学、疾病诊断和治疗、新药开发、司法鉴定等领域具有很大开发潜力。     

基于CRISPR/Cas体系的生物传感器在病原体核酸检测方面的应用

成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列/成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列相关蛋白 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein,CRISPR/Cas) 因高效的靶向结合和可编程性,已被开发为一种精准、高效、低价和高灵敏度的核酸检测工具。目前基于CRISPR-Cas体系的生物传感器在病原体核酸检测方面显示出了优良的性能,受到了人们的广泛关注,这种新型的病原体核酸检测有望替代传统的病原体检测方法。文中就基于CRISPR/Cas体系的生物传感器在病原体核酸检测中的最新研究进展进行综述。     

基于CRISPR/Cas系统的核酸生物传感器

近年来,CRISPR/Cas系统已经成为转录调控和基因组编辑的重要工具。除了在基因编辑领域的贡献,CRISPR/Cas系统独特的靶核酸顺式切割和非特异性单链核酸反式切割能力,在开发核酸检测的新型生物传感器方面展现出巨大潜力。构建基于CRISPR/Cas系统高灵敏度生物传感器的关键通常依赖其与不同信号扩增策略,诸如核酸扩增技术或特定信号转导方法的结合。基于此,本文旨在通过介绍不同类型的CRISPR/Cas系统,全面概述基于该系统的核酸检测生物传感器的研究进展,并重点对结合核酸扩增技术（PCR、LAMP、RCA、RPA和EXPAR）、灵敏的信号转导方法（电化学和表面增强拉曼光谱）和特殊结构设计生物传感的三大类型信号放大策略的CRISPR/Cas生物传感器进行总结和评论。最后,本文对目前的挑战以及未来的前景进行展望。     

Ultrasensitive nucleic acid biosensors for early cancer diagnostics

We have developed ultrasensitive nucleic acid detection systems involving an amplification step where the analytical signal correlates directly to the amount of nucleic acid in the solution So far, we have performed nucleic acid quantification on several breast cancer susceptibility genes and were able to detect nucleic acid amounts that ranged from 0.1–1.0 fg of nucleic acid, which is at least 1000 times more sensitive than conventional fluorescent detection methods. The biosensors are so sensitive that they can be used for direct detection of breast cancer susceptibility genes in mRNA without involving a PCR step.     

DNA based biosensors

Compared to advances in enzyme sensors, immunosensors, and microbial biosensors, relatively little work exists on DNA based biosensors. Here we review the DNA based biosensors that rely on nucleic acid hybridization. Major types DNA biosensors--electrochemical, optical, acoustic, and piezoelectric--are introduced and compared. The specificity and response characteristics of DNA biosensors are discussed. Overall, a promising future is foreseen for the DNA based sensor technology.     

Oligonucleotide aptamers that recognize small molecules.

Nucleic acid receptors ('aptamers'), which recognize a large variety of organic molecules of low molecular weight, have been isolated from combinatorial nucleic acid libraries by in vitro selection methods. Structural studies of nucleic acid-small molecule complexes provide insight into both the principles of molecular recognition by this class of biopolymers and the architecture of tertiary motifs in nucleic acid folding. Aptamers that recognize small molecules are increasingly applied as tools in molecular biology, from the detection of oxidative damage in DNA to conditional gene expression and from their use as modules for the engineering of allosteric ribozymes to biosensors.     

Research progress in the detection of common foodborne hazardous substances based on functional nucleic acids biosensors

With the further improvement of food safety requirements, the development of fast, highly sensitive, and portable methods for the determination of foodborne hazardous substances has become a new trend in the food industry. In recent years, biosensors and platforms based on functional nucleic acids, along with a range of signal amplification devices and methods, have been established to enable rapid and sensitive determination of specific substances in samples, opening up a new avenue of analysis and detection. In this paper, functional nucleic acid types including aptamers, deoxyribozymes, and G-quadruplexes which are commonly used in the detection of food source pollutants are introduced. Signal amplification elements include quantum dots, noble metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, DNA walkers, and DNA logic gates. Signal amplification technologies including nucleic acid isothermal amplification, hybridization chain reaction, catalytic hairpin assembly, biological barcodes, and microfluidic system are combined with functional nucleic acids sensors and applied to the detection of many foodborne hazardous substances, such as foodborne pathogens, mycotoxins, residual antibiotics, residual pesticides, industrial pollutants, heavy metals, and allergens. Finally, the potential opportunities and broad prospects of functional nucleic acids biosensors in the field of food analysis are discussed.     

PNA biosensors for nucleic acid detection

Biosensor devices, based on the conversion of nucleic acid recognition reactions into useful electrical signals, offer considerable promise for DNA diagnostics. The unique hybridization properties of solution-phase PNA can be extrapolated onto transducer surfaces in connection with the design of remarkably specific DNA biosensors. This article reviews the development of PNA biosensors, and discusses common PNA-biosensing protocols along with their prospects in DNA biosensor technology.     

CRISPR-Cas生物传感器研究进展

成簇规律间隔短回文序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)系统是广泛存在于细菌中的一种特有的免疫防御机制,与特殊的Cas蛋白结合后能够有效的对外源的核酸分子进行特异性片段化,并进一步促进其降解。CRISPR-Cas系统具有独特的靶向性,为开发针对于核酸为底物的生物传感器提供了新的概念。越来越多的研究人员根据不同Cas蛋白的性质,建立了独特的逻辑系统对靶标物质进行准确识别,基于CRISPR技术的生物传感器也开拓了该技术在基因编辑以外领域的应用。介绍了CRISPR-Cas系统的起源、作用机制和科学分类,根据生物传感器的作用方式以及识别底物进行了分类,并对基于CRISPR-Cas系统的高效生物传感器的应用前景进行了展望。     

Systematic evaluation of split-fluorescent proteins for the direct detection of native and methylated DNA

In order to directly detect nucleic acid polymers, we have designed biosensors comprising sequence-specific DNA binding proteins tethered to split-reporter proteins, which generate signal upon binding a predetermined nucleic acid target, in an approach termed SEquence-Enabled Reassembly (SEER). Herein we demonstrate that spectroscopically distinct split-fluorescent protein variants, GFPuv, EGFP, Venus, and mCherry, function effectively in the SEER system, providing sensitive DNA detection and the ability to simultaneously detect two target oligonucleotides. Additionally, a methylation-specific SEER-Venus system was generated, which was found to clearly distinguish between methylated versus non-methylated target DNA. These results will aid in refinement of the SEER system for the detection of user defined nucleic acid sequences and their chemical modifications as they relate to human disease.