阻断大鼠杏仁中央核AMPA受体对臂旁核味觉反应的影响

以往的研究表明,电刺激或损毁杏仁中央核明显改变臂旁核味觉神经元的活动。为了研究杏仁中央核内的兴奋性受体是否参与此调节,本实验应用细胞外记录方法,在乌拉坦麻醉的大鼠观察了杏仁中央核内微量注射6-氰基-7-硝基喹喔啉-2,3- 二酮(CNQX)前后臂旁核味觉神经元对四种基本味觉刺激反应的变化。结果表明,杏仁中央核内注射 CNQX 对 30% 的臂旁核神经元产生时间依赖性的抑制作用,此抑制作用以对盐酸和盐酸奎宁刺激引起的反应尤为明显(P<0.05)。根据对味觉刺激的优势反应,40% 的NaCl优势、30% 的HCl优势和20% 的奎宁优势反应神经元在注射CNQX 后对至少一种味觉刺激的反应降低;盐酸优势和奎宁优势反应神经元对各自的优势反应在杏仁中央核内注药后均明显降低(P<0.01)。相关性分析表明,在注射 CNQX 后,臂旁核味觉神经元对 NaCl 和其它三种味觉刺激物之间的分辨能力降低。以上结果表明,杏仁中央核内的AMPA 受体可能参与杏仁核对臂旁核味觉神经元的下行调控。     

电损毁大鼠杏仁中央核对脑桥臂旁核味觉神经元的影响

应用细胞外记录的电生理学方法,在乌拉坦麻醉的大鼠观察了电损毁双侧杏仁中央核前后脑桥臂旁核味觉神经元对四种基本味觉刺激(即氯化钠、盐酸、奎宁和蔗糖)反应的变化。根据对味觉刺激的优势反应,29个记录的味觉神经元中,有14个NaCl优势、9个HCl优势、3个QH2SO4优势和3个蔗糖优势反应神经元。损毁杏仁中央核明显增强臂旁核味觉神经元对盐酸和硫酸奎宁的反应(P＜0．01)。氯化钠优势、盐酸优势和奎宁优势反应神经元对盐酸和硫酸奎宁的反应在电损毁杏仁中央核后也明显增强。在破坏杏仁中央核后,臂旁核味觉神经元对氯化钠和硫酸奎宁苦味的分辨能力降低。以上结果提示,杏仁中央核在大鼠脑桥水平的味觉编码中发挥重要作用,它可能是通过参与对味觉的影响来调节机体的摄食行为。     

Chemical stimulation of the thalamic reticular nucleus inhibits the neuronal activity of the posterior insular cortex in rats

Extracellular neuronal responses were recorded from the posterior insular cortex following electrical and chemical stimulation of the thalamic reticular nucleus (Rt) regions. In the present study, most neurons (29/32) were first characterized for their responses to electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal (SL) nerve or glossopharyngeal (IXth) nerve. In the first experiment, 15 neurons in the posterior insular cortex were examined for their responses to electrical stimulation of the Rt regions. It was found that effective stimulation sites to evoke action potentials in the posterior insular cortex were the ventromedial portion of the Rt and its adjacent regions. In the second experiment, 17 neurons in the posterior insular cortex were examined for their responses by pressure injection of glutamate (Glu) into the Rt regions. Of the 17 neurons, 13 were inhibited in the spontaneous discharge rate following injection of Glu into the Rt, and the remaining four were unaffected. Histologically, it was demonstrated that Glu injection sites for the case of inhibition were located near or within the Rt. On the other hand, the injection sites for all four non-responsive neurons were located outside of the Rt. These data suggest that excitation of the Rt (GABAergic neurons) causes depression of the neuronal activity in the thalamic relay nucleus and then this may in turn induce depressed neuronal activity in the posterior insular cortex. The results here indicate that neuronal activity in the posterior insular cortex is controlled by the Rt, which has been reported in other sensory systems.     

电刺激大鼠束旁核对底丘脑核和丘脑腹内侧核神经元的影响

本工作旨在探讨电刺激束旁核（parafascicular nucleus,PF）对帕金森病模型（Parkinson’s disease,PD）大鼠神经行为的改善作用及其机制。成年雄性Sprague—Dawley大鼠黑质致密部注射6一羟基多巴胺建立PD大鼠模型。采用行为学方法观察电刺激PF对阿朴吗啡诱发的大鼠旋转行为的作用,并应用在体细胞外记录法观察电刺激PF对大鼠底丘脑核（subthalamic nucleus,STN）及丘脑腹内侧核（ventromedial nucleus,VM）神经元放电的影响。结果发现,高频电刺激（130Hz,0．4mA,5s）PF一周,明显改善PD大鼠旋转行为。细胞外放电记录显示,高频电刺激PF使PD大鼠STN神经元自发放电减少,且该作用具有频率依赖性。另外,高频电刺激PF可使VM神经元兴奋,该作用也是频率依赖性的。我们在实验中同时观察到微电泳谷氨酸（glutamicacid,Glu）受体拮抗剂MK-801使STN神经元放电频率减少或完全抑制,微电泳t氨基丁酸（T-amino butyricacid,GABA）受体拮抗剂印防己毒素（picrotoxin,Pic）则使神经元放电频率增加。以上结果表明,GABA能和GIu能传入纤维可会聚于同-STN神经元,并对后者有紧张性作用。高频刺激PF,使该核团到STN神经元的Glu能兴奋性输出减少,导致STN的失活。这一作用通过基底神经节的间接通路,最终释放了丘脑运动核团VM的活性。高频刺激PF经PF,STN和VM的神经通路而改善PD大鼠神经行为。     

电刺激大鼠脚内核对脚桥核神经元放电的影响

目的:观察电刺激大鼠脚内核(EP)对大鼠脚桥核(PPN)神经元自发放电的影响,进一步探讨脑内电刺激治疗帕金森病(PD)的机制。方法:应用细胞外记录的方法观察不同频率电刺激(强度0.6 mA,波宽0.06 ms,时程5 s,频率5 Hz、10Hz、20Hz、50Hz、100Hz、150Hz、200Hz)大鼠EP对PPN神经元放电的影响。结果:实验记录了大鼠33个神经元的自发放电,其放电频率在3.6~52.2Hz之间,平均为(15.95±8.56)Hz;当刺激频率为100Hz时,抑制效应最显著(P<0.05)。结论:高频电刺激大鼠EP对PPN神经元自发放电的影响主要为抑制作用,提示高频刺激EP可通过抑制PPN神经元活动参与PD的治疗。     

Colocalization of tyrosine hydroxylase and Fos in the male Syrian hamster brain following different states of arousal

In an investigation of the role that central tyrosine hydroxylase-(TH) containing neurons play in copulation in the male Syrian hamster, The induction of Fos protein was used as an index of neuronal activation. With a double immunoperoxidase technique, the activation of TH neurons was compared in hamsters from three experimental groups: (1) mated in a new cage; (2) handled controls placed in a new cage, and (3) unhandled controls. Although mating selectively induces Fos production in the medial amygdaloid nucleus (Me), more than half of the TH neurons in Me (a region outside of the classical catecholamine systems) expressed Fos equally in all of the experimental groups. In the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), TH neurons were activated equivalently in mated and handled control animals compared to unhandled controls. TH neurons in the neucleus of the solitary tract (NST) were also activated in handled control animals, and mating further enhanced the level of Fos immunostaining in these neurons above both groups of nonmated animals. Although not quantified, co-localization of Fos and TH was also observed in all experimental groups in the olfactory bulbs and the interfascicular nucleus, and in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca and the cerebral cortex, regions which contain TH neurons but are not part of the classically described TH cell groups. Few, if any, TH neurons in other catecholaminergic brain regions, such as the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus, produced Fos in any of the experimental groups. These results suggest that TH neurons in the PVN and NST may be activated during different states of arousal, and that nonclassical TH neurons in the amygdala produce high levels of Fos even in unstimulated animals. 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Background activity of neurons of the supraoptic hypothalamic nucleus in rats under conditions of vibrational stimulation and electromagnetic extrahigh-frequency irradiation

We analyzed background impulse activity of neurons of the supraoptic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus in the course of 15-day-long isolated action of generalized vibrational stimulation and combination of such stimulation with irradiation of the animal’s head with low-intensity extrahigh-frequency (EHF, millimeter-range) electromagmetic waves. The distributions of the neurons by the level of regularity and dynamics of spike trains, separate frequency ranges of impulsation, and pattern of interspike interval (ISI) histograms were estimated. We also calculated the mean frequency of discharges and coefficient of variation of ISIs. A trend toward decreases in the deviations of some parameters of neuronal spike activity generated by supraoptic neurons, which were evident within early time intervals of isolated action of vibration (5 to 10 days), was observed under the influence of EHF electromagnetic irradiation; thus, the latter factor probably exerts a sedative effect. Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 433–442, November–December, 2007.     

Establishment of vagal sensorimotor circuits during fetal development in rats

The differentiation of vagal motor neurons and their emerging central relationship with vagal sensory afferents was examined in fetal rats. To identify peripherally projecting sensory and motor neurons, 1,1′-dioctadecyl 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchloarate (DiI) was inserted into the proximal gut or cervical vagus nerve in fixed preparations. At embryonic day (E) 12, labeled vagal sensory neurons are present in the nodose ganglia and a few sensory axons project into the dorsolateral medulla. Central sensory processes become increasingly prevalent between E13 and E14 but remain restricted to the solitary tract. Vagal motor neurons are first labeled at E13, clustered within a region corresponding to the nucleus ambiguus (NA). Additional motor neurons appear to be migrating toward the NA from the germinal zone of the fourth ventricle. Motor neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) first project to the gut at E14 and have processes that remain in physical contact with the ventricular zone through E16. Sensory axons emerge from the solitary tract at E15 and project medially through the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) to end in the ventricular zone. A possible substrate for direct vagovagal, sensorimotor interaction appears at E16, when vagal sensory fibers arborize within the DMV and DMV dendrites extend into the NST. By E18, the vagal nuclei appear remarkably mature. These data suggest specific and discrete targeting of vagal sensory afferents and motor neuron dendrites in fetal rats and define an orderly sequence of developmental events that precedes the establishment of vagal sensorimotor circuits. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

大鼠三叉神经脊束间质核接受内脏和躯体伤害性信息的calbindin D-28k神经元向臂旁核的投射

应用荧光金（FG）逆行束路追踪结合Fos和calbindin D-28k(CB)免疫荧光组织化学三重标记法,观察了大鼠三叉神经脊束间质核（INV）接受口面部皮肤和上消化道伤害性信息的CB神经元向臂旁核（PB）的投射。结果显示,口周刺激组FG逆标细胞和Fos免疫反应阳性细胞主要分布于注射和刺激同侧INV的背侧边缘旁核（PaMd）和三叉旁核（PaV）;大量的CB免疫阳性细胞分布于双侧INV。同侧INV内FG逆标细胞中有77.3%呈CB免疫反应阳性,40.7%呈Fos免疫反应阳性。在FG和CB双标记的神经元中,又有一部分（约38.5%）为FG／CB／Fos三标细胞。上消化道刺激组的FG逆标细胞、CB免疫阳性细胞和FG／CB双标细胞的数量和分布与口周刺激组相似,但Fos免疫阳性细胞分布于双侧的INV。在同侧INV,FG／Fos双标细胞占FG逆标细胞总数的41.9%,FG／CB／Fos三标细胞占FG／CB双标细胞的52.0%。以上结果提示,INV直接投射到PB的CB神经元接受口面部皮肤和上消化道的伤害性信息,CB神经元可能参与经INV中继的外周伤害性信息向PB的传递。     

Morphological and physiological evidence of a synaptic connection between the lateral parabrachial nucleus and neurons in the A7 catecholamine cell group in rats

Background

The descending noradrenergic (NAergic) system is one of the important endogenous analgesia systems. It has been suggested that noxious stimuli could activate descending NAergic system; nevertheless, the underlying neuronal circuit remains unclear. As NAergic neurons in the A7 catecholamine cell group (A7) are a part of the descending NAergic system and the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) is an important brainstem structure that relays ascending nociceptive signal, we aimed to test whether LPB neurons have direct synaptic contact with NAergic A7 neurons.

Results

Stereotaxic injections of an anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextran-amine (BDA), were administered to LPB in rats. The BDA-labeled axonal terminals that have physical contacts with tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (presumed noadrenergic) neurons were identified in A7. Consistent with these morphological observations, the excitatory synaptic currents (EPSCs) were readily evoked in NAergic A7 neurons by extracellular stimulation of LPB. The EPSCs evoked by LPB stimulation were blocked by CNQX, a non-NMDA receptor blocker, and AP5, a selective NMDA receptor blocker, showing that LPB-A7 synaptic transmission is glutamatergic. Moreover, the amplitude of LPB-A7 EPSCs was significantly attenuated by DAMGO, a selective μ-opioid receptor agonist, which was associated with an increase in paired-pulse ratio.

Conclusions

Taken together, the above results showed direct synaptic connections between LPB and A7 catecholamine cell group, the function of which is subject to presynaptic modulation by μ-opioid receptors.     

The morphology of somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons in the lateral nucleus of the rat amygdala

Three types of somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons are described in the lateral nucleus of the rat amygdala. These three types closely correspond to neurons previously reported in Golgi preparations of the lateral nucleus. Class I somatostatin neurons have triangular- or piriform-shaped somata with large primary dendrites and spiny secondary dendrites. Class II somatostatin neurons have small to medium-sized oval perikarya and are fusiform or multipolar in shape. Class III somatostatin neurons have small spheroid somata with small thinner relatively aspinous dendrites. Class I somatostatin neurons give rise to axons which project outside the lateral nucleus whereas class II and III neurons innervate other somatostatin-positive and non-somatostatin neurons within the lateral nucleus. Somatostatin neurons within the lateral nucleus are hypothesized to function as part of a network of somatostatin neurons extending from cortical regions through the amygdala to basal telencephalic and lower brain stem regions.     

Differential and independent manifestation within co-containing neurones of neuropeptide Y and tyrosine hydroxylase during ontogeny of the rat central nervous system

The development of tyrosine hydroxylase- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive cell bodies in the foetal rat brain was analyzed immunohistochemically using antibodies raised against tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y. Possible co-existence of these two substance within the same neurones was investigated by comparison of adjacent sections.

In the ventral medulla oblongata, neurones containing both neuropeptide Y- and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity were demonstrable in and around the lateral reticular nucleus as early as the 17th day of gestation. The total number and the proportion of cells exhibiting this co-existence increased from this stage up to birth. In the nucleus of the solitary tract in the dorsal medulla oblongata, NPY-immunoreactive cells bodies were first visualized at day 13 of gestation. However, although tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells could also be seen within the nucleus at this and later ages, they occupied a different, more caudal and medial part. Consequently, no neurones containing both neuropeptide Y and tyrosine hydroxylase were apparent up to the day of birth. Finally, in the locus coeruleus, tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurones were also demonstrable at day 13 of gestation. In this case, however, no neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive somata could be seen in the nucleus until day 21.

The present study indicates that the existence of neuropeptide Y and tyrosine hydroxylase in co-containing neurones is not inextricably linked, and suggests that the factors controlling the synthesis of these two substances are not identical.     

Vasotocin neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis preferentially process social information and exhibit properties that dichotomize courting and non-courting phenotypes

Neurons within the medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTm) that produce arginine vasotocin (VT; in non-mammals) or arginine vasopressin (VP; in mammals) have been intensively studied with respect to their anatomy and neuroendocrine regulation. However, almost no studies have examined how these neurons process stimuli in the animals' immediate environment. We recently showed that in five estrildid finch species, VT-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons in the BSTm increase their Fos expression selectively in response to positively-valenced social stimuli (i.e., stimuli that should elicit affiliation). Using male zebra finches, a highly gregarious estrildid, we now extend those findings to show that VT-Fos coexpression is induced by a positive social stimulus (a female), but not by a positive non-social stimulus (a water bath in bath-deprived birds), although the female and bath stimuli induced Fos equally within a nearby control region, the medial preoptic nucleus. In concurrent experiments, we also show that the properties of BSTm VT-ir neurons strongly differentiate males that diverge in social phenotype. Males who reliably fail to court females (“non-courters”) have dramatically fewer VT-ir neurons in the BSTm than do reliable courters, and the VT-ir neurons of non-courters fail to exhibit Fos induction in response to a female stimulus.     

Increased dithiothreitol-insensitive,type 2 angiotensin II receptors in selected brain areas of young rats

1. Angiotensin II receptors have been studied by quantitative autoradiography in selected brain areas of young (2-week-old) and adult (8-week-old) rats. 2. In young rats, angiotensin II receptors were present in brain areas which did not express receptors in the adult brain, such as thalamic nuclei, cortical areas, and the cerebellum. 3. Young rats had more angiotensin II receptors in the subfornical organ than adult rats. In the inferior olive, the number of angiotensin receptors in young animals was 10 times higher than that in adult rats. Angiotensin II binding in the inferior olive was insensitive to incubation in the presence of dithiothreitol. 4. Conversely, the number of angiotensin II receptors in the nucleus of the solitary tract was lower in young rats compared to adults. Incubation in the presence of dithiothreitol resulted in a more than 90% inhibition of angiotensin II binding in the nucleus of the solitary tract. 5. Our results indicate the presence of two types of angiotensin II receptor in brain, one sensitive (type 1) and one insensitive (type 2) to the reducing agent dithiothreitol. 6. The expression of type 2 angiotensin II receptors, insensitive to dithiothreitol, is more marked in young rats, indicating a role for this type of angiotensin receptors in brain development.     

激动中枢组胺能受体对应激大鼠颈动脉窦压力感受性反射重调定的影响

应激1周的大鼠,麻醉后弧离双侧颈动脉窦区,将不同窦内压（ISP）与其对应的平均动脉压（MAP）值进行Logistic5个参数曲线拟合。根据所得ISP－MAP关系曲线及其特征参数,分别观察侧脑室(i.c.v.）注射和弧束核（NTS）内注射组胺受体拮抗剂对颈动脉窦压力感受性反射（CSR）的影响,并与相应的非应激CSR水平进行比较。结果如下：（1）应激导致ISP－MAP关系曲线显著全面上移,窦内压和增益（ISP-Gain）关系曲线中部明显下移,反射参数中阈压（TP）、饱和压（SP）、调定点（set point）和最大增益时的窦内压（ISPGmax）值增大,MAP反射变动范围（MAPrange）及反射最大增益（Gmax）减小;（2）I.c.v.H1或H2受体拮抗剂氯苯吡胺（CHL）15μg或西咪替丁（CIM）15μg,在20min内均可明显减弱应激对CSR的上述改变,CIM的这种减弱作用不如CHL的显著;（3）NTS内注射CHL（0.5μg）或CIM（1.5μg）,对应激所致CSR变化的影响与i.c.v.CHL或CIM后的相类似;（4）分别i.c.v.和NTS内注射CHL或CIM后,均不能使应激的CSR水平完全恢复到相应的非应激对照水平。以上结果提示,应激引起CSR重调定,反射敏感性下降;其部分机制可能是激活中枢组胺能系统,通过中枢组胺能受体（H1和H2受体）尤其是H1受体介导而发挥作用;下丘脑－NTS的组胺能通路可能是应激导致CSR重调定的下行通路之一。     

Effects of neonatal handling on social memory, social interaction, and number of oxytocin and vasopressin neurons in rats

Early-life environmental events can induce profound long-lasting changes in several behavioral and neuroendocrine systems. The neonatal handling procedure, which involves repeated brief maternal separations followed by experimental manipulations, reduces stress responses and sexual behavior in adult rats. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of neonatal handling on social behaviors of male and female rats in adulthood, as manifest by the results of social memory and social interaction tests. The number of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) neurons in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of hypothalamus were also analyzed. The results did not demonstrate impairment of social memory. Notwithstanding, handling did reduce social investigative interaction and increase aggressive behavior in males, but did not do so in females. Furthermore, in both males and females, handling was linked with reduced number of OT-neurons in the parvocellular region of the PVN, while no differences were detected in the magnocellular PVN or the SON. On the other hand, handled males exhibited increased number of VP-neurons in the magnocellular zone of the PVN. We may conclude that the repeated brief maternal separations can reduce affiliative social behavior in adult male rats. Moreover, the disruption of the mother-infant relationship caused by the handling procedure induced long-lasting morphological changes in critical neuroendocrine areas that are involved in social bonding in mammals.     

Effect of stereotactic ablation of the central nucleus of the amygdala on pain sensitivity among rats

The central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) is a terminal area of the major nociceptive ascending pathway, the spino-(trigemino)-parabrachio-amygdaloid tract. In our study, the Ce was bilaterally electrolytically lesioned in male albino rats. Nociception was assessed by the tail flick latency, which was later compared with the corresponding values in intact and sham-lesioned rats. Stereotactic electrolytic bilateral lesioning of the Ce significantly decreased the sensitivity to pain. In addition, the diurnal variation in the pain sensitivity observed in control animals was noticeably smoothed. Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 231–234, May–June, 2006.     

Photochemical treatment with endosomally localized photosensitizers enhances the number of adenoviruses in the nucleus

BACKGROUND: In the present study the physical targeting technique photochemical internalization (PCI) has been used in combination with adenovirus. We have previously shown that PCI enhances transgene expression from AdhCMV-lacZ, and the aim of the present study was to further increase the understanding of photochemically mediated adenoviral transduction. METHODS: Two colorectal carcinoma cell lines, WiDr and HCT116, were pre-incubated with the photosensitizer TPPS(2a) or methylene blue derivates (MBD) followed by infection with adenovirus and light exposure. Transgene expression was measured by flow cytometry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to quantify the level of viral DNA in the nuclei. Real-time PCR was also used to measure the level of beta-galactosidase mRNA in samples infected with AdhCMV-lacZ. RESULTS: Exposing TPPS(2a)-treated cells to light enhanced the quantity of viral DNA in the nucleus, the mRNA level of the transgene and the transgene expression compared to non-illuminated cells. The increased transgene expression was independent of the promoter used, but dependent on the time of light exposure and the cellular localization of the photosensitizer. CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced transgene expression observed after photochemical treatment is most likely not a result of one event, but more an interplay between various mechanisms. An increased level of adenoviral DNA in the nucleus and a dependency of endosomal localization of the photosensitizer to obtain enhanced transgene expression suggested that endosomal rupture facilitated the transport of adenoviruses to the nucleus.     

大鼠口面部躯体和上消化道内脏伤害性传入汇聚于三叉神经脊束间质核含CB神经元

三叉神经脊束间质核(interstitial nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract,INV)为位于三叉神经脊束内的一些灰质团块,经三叉神经和舌咽及迷走神经接受口面部的三叉神经躯体传入与上消化道的内脏伤害性传入。INV内含有大量含calbinding D-28k(CB)神经元,但尚不清楚支配口面部的三叉神经躯体传入与支配上消化道的内脏伤害性传入是否汇聚于INV内含CB的神经元。本文应用跨节追踪法并结合CB和Fos免疫组织化学的激光共聚焦显微镜和电镜技术,研究了下牙槽神经(interior alveolarnerve．IAN)的初级传入和上消化道伤害性信息向INV内含CB神经元的汇聚。结果如下：(1)将生物素化的葡聚糖胺(biotinylated dextran amine,BDA)和甲醛分别注入IAN和上消化道后,BDA跨节标记的浓密初级传入纤维和末梢分布于同侧INV内,在其膨大部较为集中;大量的CB和Fos免疫反应阳性神经元分布于双侧INV内,并与BDA注射侧的BDA标记末梢区相重叠：共聚焦显微镜观察显示,约半数CB免疫反应阳性的神经元同时呈Fos阳性的双标记神经元(74／153),其中部分双标神经元与IAN末梢形成紧密接触状。(2)辣根过氧化物酶(horseradish peroxidase,HRP)注射到IAN后,HRP跨节标记的纤维和末梢的分布与BDA标记的分布相似;电镜下观察到,INV内有大量CB免疫反应阳性神经元的树突和少量胞体,以及HRP标记的传入末梢,其中一些HRP标记的轴突终末分别与CB免疫反应阳性树突和胞体形成非对称型轴-树或轴-体突触。结果提示口面部躯体初级传入信息和内脏伤害性信息汇聚于INV内含CB的神经元上,可能在躯体传入信息对内脏伤害性信息的调制和内脏心血管活动中发挥重要作用。